云南师范大学启园绿地植物资源调查评价

绿化工作是高校校园建设的重要组成部分,研究校园绿地植物有助于优化校园绿地植物引种以及配置。运用植物群落样地调查和统计方法,就云南师大启园绿地植物的种类组成、产地、生长型、适应力、多样性、绿地成本以及造景满意度等做了调查和分析。结果表明:启园绿地植物种类较多,共57科,89属,132种,但引种的乡土树种种类较少,仅占18.89%。部分植物适应力较差,长势不良,引种成本较高,而植物景观功能性较差等。今后启园绿化应加强规划,合理配置乔、灌、草等植物,充分应用乡土树种,营造和谐而富有地域特色的校园景观。     

太白山国家保护植物优先保护顺序的定量分析

在野外调查的基础上，运月濒危系数、遗传多样性损失系数和物种价值系数对太白山自然保护区23种国家保护植物的优先保护顺序进行定量分析，结果表明属一级保护的有太白红杉、独叶草、星叶草、杜仲、桃儿七、连香树、大果青杄、青檀、紫斑牡丹9种，属二级保护的有水青树、金钱械、山白树、水曲柳、秦岭冷杉、领春木、羽叶丁香7种，属三级保护的有野大豆、膜荚黄芪、华榛、延龄草、庙台械、天麻6种，属四级保护的仅狭叶瓶尔小草1种。提出了加强珍稀植物保护的措施。     

Carbon isotope composition of long chain leaf wax n-alkanes in lake sediments: A dual indicator of paleoenvironment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C values) of long chain n-alkanes in lake sediments has been considered a reliable means of tracking changes in the terrigenous contribution of plants with C₃ and C₄ photosynthetic pathways. A key premise is that long chain leaf wax components used for isotope analysis are derived primarily from terrigenous higher plants. The role of aquatic plants in affecting δ¹³C values of long chain n-alkanes in lacustrine sediments may, however, have long been underestimated. In this study, we found that a large portion of long chain n-alkanes (C₂₇ and C₂₉) in nearshore sediments of the Lake Qinghai catchment was contributed by submerged aquatic plants, which displayed a relatively positive carbon isotope composition (e.g. −26.7‰ to −15.7‰ for C₂₉) similar to that of terrestrial C₄ plants. Thus, the use of δ¹³C values of sedimentary C₂₇ and C₂₉ n-alkanes for tracing terrigenous vegetation composition may create a bias toward significant overestimation/underestimation of the proportion of terrestrial C₄ plants. For sedimentary C₃₁, however, the contribution from submerged plants was minor, so that the δ¹³C values for C₃₁ n-alkane in surface sediments were in accord with those of the modern terrestrial vegetation in the Lake Qinghai region. Moreover, we found that changes in the δ¹³C values of sedimentary C₂₇ and C₂₉ n-alkanes were closely related to water depth variation. Downcore analysis further demonstrated the significant influence of endogenous lipids in lake sediments for the interpretation of terrestrial C₄ vegetation and associated environment/climate reconstruction. In conclusion, our results suggest that the δ¹³C values of sedimentary long chain n-alkanes (C₂₇, C₂₉ and C₃₁) may carry different environmental signals. While the δ¹³C values of C₃₁ were a reliable proxy for C₄/C₃ terrestrial vegetation composition, the δ¹³C values of C₂₇ and C₂₉ n-alkanes may have recorded lake ecological conditions and sources of organic carbon, which might be affected by lake water depth.     

Submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner,Marion, Katrine,Taylor, and Sheppard in Canterbury,New Zealand

The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion.     

生物土壤结皮对温带荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响

环境和微生物群落的变化会影响凋落物的分解过程。生物土壤结皮是干旱荒漠区地表普遍存在的生物覆盖,对土壤物理化学性质有显著影响,但对于是否影响荒漠植物凋落物分解缺乏深入了解。选择8种在古尔班通古特沙漠广泛分布的荒漠植物（白梭梭Haloxylon persicum、梭梭Haloxylon ammondendron、黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica、粉苞菊Chondrilla piptocoma、羽毛针禾Aristida pennata、刺沙蓬Salsola ruthenica、紫翅猪毛菜Salsola affinis、钩刺雾冰藜Bassia hyssopifolia）,分析生物土壤结皮覆盖对这8种凋落物质量损失率和分解速率的影响。结果表明：生物土壤结皮和植物种对凋落物质量损失率有极显著影响（P<0.01）,生物土壤结皮的存在增大了荒漠植物凋落物质量损失率,不同物种的分解率差异显著。8种植物凋落物的质量损失率在结皮覆盖条件下为13.67%~64.56%,去除结皮处理下为13.58%~54.13%。其中,结皮覆盖条件下白梭梭、梭梭、紫翅猪毛菜的质量损失率（46.12%、41.26%、64.56%）显著高于去除结皮处理（35.85%、36.97%、54.13%,P<0.05）。生物土壤结皮的存在缩短了凋落物的半分解和95%分解时间,缩短长度随物种差异而不同,受凋落物的初始全碳和全氮含量调节。荒漠地表生物土壤结皮对植物凋落物分解具有促进作用,且这种作用具有显著的种间差异,地表生物土壤结皮的存在对初始全碳含量较低而全氮含量较高的凋落物促进作用更明显。     

中生代主要植物化石的古气候指示意义

中生代植物群以真蕨纲、苏铁纲、银杏纲、松柏纲为主,另有苔藓类、石松纲、楔叶纲及其他种子植物等。从化石的形态和结构、埋藏特点、分布及与现生类型的对比等方面,概要地分析了中生代植物群常见分子的古气候指示意义。其中,反映温暖潮湿气候或生境的主要有苔藓类,石松纲的Lycopodites和Selaginellites属等,楔叶纲,真蕨纲的单缝孢类、早白垩世的蚌壳蕨科、海金砂科的Ruffordia属、紫萁科及可能相关的小羽片大型的Cladophlebis,银杏纲银杏目的主要类型,松柏纲杉科的Athrotaxoites、Cunninghamia、Cephalotaxopsis、Sequoia等,紫杉科的Taxus、Torreya等,苏铁杉科Ferganiella、Podozamites、Swedenborgia等以及形态属Elatocladus;反映温凉气候的主要有松柏纲的松科和银杏纲的茨康目;适应热带、亚热带气候的包括真蕨类的海金沙科、合囊蕨科、马通蕨科、双扇蕨科、桫椤科、里白科以及中国蕨科的Onychiopsis等,苏铁目和本内苏铁目的主要类型;指示偏干旱型气候的主要有石松纲的Pleuromeia和Isoetites, 真蕨纲的Weichiselia, 本内苏铁目的Otozamites、Zamites、Ptilophyllum等,松柏纲掌鳞杉科的Pseudoflenelopsis、Flenelopsis、 Hirmeriella和可能属于掌鳞杉科的Brachyphyllum和Pagiophyllum,柏科的Cupressinocladus以及买麻藤目的Ephedrites等。     

Source of and potential bio-indicator for the heavy metal pollution in Ny-(A)lesund, Arctic

Three kinds of tundra plant samples including Dicranum angnstum(a type of boreal bryophyte) , PuccineUia phryganodes (a type of fringy p/ant),Salix polaris (a type of vascular plant) and surface soil were samples in 200 at Ny-Alesund of the Arctic.The levels of eight heavy metal elements (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn) and three metal-like dements (As, Se, Sr) in the plant and soil samples of the areas within previous coal mining activities are significantly higher than those of other areas.The relative accumulation of these elements in these tundra plant samples is consistent with the one in the soft samples, especially in the areas affected by previous coal-mining activities.Thus, the pollution is apparently from local coal mining activity.Dicranum angustum has the highest concentrations among those elements, and it can be a good bio-indicator for heavy metal pollution in Ny(A)lesund.Though Ny(A)lesund is less polluted by heavy metal than nearby Northern European human living areas, but much more than the tundras of the Alaska, Greenland and the Antarctic.     

采煤塌陷区人工湿地水生植物作用分析——以徐州市九里湖人工湿地为例

采煤塌陷区人工湿地含有氮、磷、重金属等污染物,适宜采用水生植物进行生态修复。通过调查分析,发现九里湖人工湿地含有芦苇、菖蒲等挺水植物,水鳖等浮叶根生植物,金鱼藻、马来眼子菜、菹草等沉水植物。水生植物通过吸附、吸收等净化作用,有效降低了九里湖水体悬浮物的浓度、水的浊度,增加了水体的透明度、溶解氧,有效抑制了藻类生长。     

饮马河流域典型湿地植物净化河流水环境效果研究

采取单种及混种方式,通过小型湿地模拟实验,研究松花江支流饮马河流域河流湿地中常见的芦苇、香蒲、槽秆荸荠、藨草、慈姑、花蔺、菱角、紫背浮萍和金鱼藻9种湿地植物及其组合对河流水体中化学需氧量(COD_(cr))、氮、磷等的净化效果。结果表明:所选湿地植物,在模拟环境条件下均能有效提升取自河流水体的水质;不同的湿地植物对污水中各污染物净化具有明显的差异,花蔺对总磷(TP)、COD_(cr)和氨氮(NH_3-N)净化效果最好,去除率依次为99.65%、68.22%和99.54%;香蒲、菱角、金鱼藻混合组对总氮(TN)的净化效果最好,去除率是66.19%;槽杆荸荠、芦苇和金鱼藻对亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2-N)的净化效果最好,去除率是83.64%。两种植物混种后对某一种污染物指标的处理效果弱于分别独种时的处理效果,但对多种污染物指标的综合处理效果一般要好于独种时的处理效果。     

The Distribution of Riparian Corridor Plants and the Relations to River Water Salinity along Perai River, Penang, Malaysia

Ecological surveys were carried out to investigate the distribution and characterization of riparian corridor plants along the Perai River,Penang,Malaysia from July 2007 to March 2008.Surveys were design to represent horizon-tal sections of the river starting from the river mouth towards the upper reaches for 20 km.A total of 84 species of plants from 30 families were recorded.They consisted of 28 species of standing plants(plants with height of more than 1 m)and 56 species of weedy plants(plants with heigh...