岩石圈板块的分形分其降维演化

根据分形理论和各板块的面积以及现代大陆各地块面积资料,分别进行了全球岩石圈板块和全球大陆地块自相似笥特征尺度与频度关系的研究讨论。结果表明,现代全球岩石圈板块在特征线度ｒ＝３００～１８００ｋｍ的无标度空间范围内具有分形分布特征,其九Ｄ＝０．７２;现代全球大陆地块在特征线度ｒ＝３００～１５００ｋｍ的无标度空间范围内具有分形分布特征,其分维数Ｄ＝１．１６,比现代全球板块０．７２的分形值高出６１％。进一     

柴达木地块北缘南北沟岩体地球化学特征及成矿前景

南北沟岩体位于柴达木地块北缘,出露面积4.5km2。岩石主要类型有淡色辉长岩、辉长岩、暗色辉长岩,各岩石类型之间多为过渡关系,局部呈侵入接触。主量元素化学组成属拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta。岩体原生岩浆属于高镁拉斑玄武岩(MgO质量分数为11.1%),在岩浆演化过程中遭受了一定程度中—上地壳物质的同化混染作用。岩体形成于古岛弧环境,是早古生代柴达木地块向祁连地块俯冲过程的产物。从岩浆分异程度、原生岩浆性质、同化混染等方面综合评价认为,南北沟岩体具有较好的铜镍硫化物矿床成矿潜力。     

Paleomagnetism of the middle Cretaceous Iritono granite in the Abukuma region, northeast Japan

We have studied the paleomagnetism of the middle Cretaceous Iritono granite of the Abukuma massif in northeast Japan together with ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from ten sites of the Iritono granite (102 Ma ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age) and two sites of its associated gabbroic dikes. The samples were carefully subjected to alternating field and thermal demagnetizations and to rock magnetic analyses. Most of natural remanent magnetizations show mixtures of two components: (1) H component, high coercivity (B_c > 50–90 mT) or high blocking temperature (T_b > 350–560 °C) component and (2) L component, relatively low B_c or low T_b component. H component was obtained from all the 12 sites to give a mean direction of shallow inclination and northwesterly declination (I = 29.9°, D = 311.0°, α₉₅ = 2.7°, N = 12). This direction is different from the geocentric axial dipole field at the present latitude (I = 56.5°) and the typical direction of the Cenozoic remagnetization in northeast Japan. Since rock magnetic properties indicate that the H component of the Iritono granite is carried mainly by magnetite inclusions in plagioclase, this component probably retains a primary one. Thus the shallow inclination indicates that the Abukuma massif was located at a low latitude (16.1 ± 1.6°N) about 100 Ma and then drifted northward by about 20° in latitude. The northwesterly deflection is attributed mostly to the counterclockwise rotation of northeast Japan due to Miocene opening of the Japan Sea. According to this model, the low-pressure and high-temperature (low-P/high-T) metamorphism of the Abukuma massif, which has been well known as a typical location, would have not occurred in the present location. On the other hand, the L component is carried mainly by pyrrhotite and its mean direction shows a moderate inclination and a northwesterly declination (I = 42.8°, D = 311.5°, α₉₅ = 3.3°, N = 9). Since this direction is intermediate between the H component and early Cenozoic remagnetization in northeast Japan, some thermal event would have occurred at lower temperature than pyrrhotite Curie point ( 320 °C) during the middle Cretaceous to early Cenozoic time to have resulted in partial remagnetization.     

黑龙江省东南部张广才岭群新兴组的形成时代及物源

为确定张广才岭群新兴组的形成时代和物源,本文测定了其碎屑锆石和岩浆锆石的年龄。在新兴组中测得的两组碎屑锆石(LA- ICP- MS U- Pb)产生多组谐和年龄,BP18R15样品91个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为260Ma (41个点),BP18R83样品100个分析点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为253Ma (52个点)。锆石绝大多数呈自形—半自形晶,显示典型振荡岩浆生长环带或条痕状吸收,且Th/U值相对较高,暗示其岩浆成因。以此确定新兴组沉积下限为晚二叠世之后。结合侵入于新兴组的正长花岗岩年龄为210 ±1Ma,表明张广才岭群新兴组形成于晚二叠世—晚三叠世之间,而非前人所确定的新元古代。从新兴组中碎屑锆石的年龄频数可看出,新兴组的沉积物主要来源于周边晚古生代地质体以及次要的中元古代、新元古代、早古生代和早中生代地质体。前寒武纪碎屑锆石的存在暗示新兴组沉积时,区域地表或浅部曾存在一些具有类似年龄的前寒武纪残余地质体。新兴组几乎所有沉积物源来自松嫩- 张广才岭地块,暗示松嫩- 张广才岭地块与佳木斯- 兴凯地块及华北地块的拼合应晚于晚二叠世。     

Uplift and denudation history at low-elevation passive margins: Insights from morphostratigraphic analysis in the SE Armorican Massif along the French Atlantic margin

Like other low-elevation passive margins, the French Atlantic margin is characterized by a gradual topographic transition from the coast to low-altitude interior plains or plateaus. Here we propose a morphostratigraphic analysis to constrain long-term landscape evolution and denudation rates, through the characterization of palaeotopographies and related palaeoweatherings in an area restricted to the southeast Armorican Massif. Two regional-scale palaeosurfaces are recognized: (i) the Infraliassic palaeosurface, the truncated weathering profiles of which are sealed by Liassic marine deposits; (ii) the Eocene palaeosurface, underlain by thick kaolinite- and iron-rich palaeosaprolites and by siliceous duricrusts (silcretes). Quantitative constraints on large-scale tectonic uplift and long-term denudation are obtained from these morphostratigraphic markers. Mean uplift and denudation rates calculated on post-Eocene times range between 0.5 and 2 m.Ma^-1. These low values imply high landscape stability of the inland margin over most of the Cenozoic.     

拉萨地块叶巴组内中侏罗世双壳类动物群及其古地理意义

位于拉萨地块南缘的叶巴组内首次采集到丰富的双壳类化石,共计有１４个种和未定种。表明叶巴组的火山活动发生在中侏罗世巴柔期,中侏罗早期是新特提斯（Ｎｅｏ Ｔｅｔｈｙｓ）洋盆形成的重要阶段。拉萨地块上所发现的海相双壳类动物群具有东、西特提斯生物地理分区的典型分子,表明在此期间所谓的“班公湖—怒江海”未构成对拉萨地块和羌塘地块之间动物群互相沟通的地理障碍。     

松辽盆地石炭系—二叠系油气勘探前景

通过区域地质背景分析,认为东北地区处于活动大陆边缘构造背景下,形成了石炭纪—二叠纪泛盆地,松辽盆地是在残留的石炭系—二叠系盆地之上形成和演化的,石炭系—二叠系分布面积达7.2×104km2。地球化学分析表明,二叠系以极低变质岩为主,泥岩的有机质成熟度和丰度较高,剩余生烃潜力普遍较低。盆地东部地区的二叠系泥岩厚度超过1000m,而成熟度低于北部和西部地区,处于过成熟阶段,至今仍具备生烃能力。上覆中生代地层沉积后,东部地区的二叠系泥岩有机质成熟度增幅较大,发生了二次生烃,生烃量巨大并得到有效保存,形成原生和次生油气藏,具有较好的勘探前景。     

兴蒙造山带的基底属性与构造演化过程

为了解兴蒙造山带基底属性和多个构造体系演化与叠加历史,系统总结了近年来在基础地质研究中取得的新成果,并利用这些成果讨论了兴蒙造山带的基底属性与演化历史.兴蒙造山带是指我国东北地区古生代构造作用影响的地区,这些地区也遭受了中生代构造作用的叠加与改造.兴蒙造山带主要由微陆块和其间的造山带组成.虽然传统上认为属于前寒武纪结晶基底的地质体主要已解体为古生代和早中生代,但随着新太古代和古元古代地质体的相继发现,以及新生代玄武岩中幔源古元古代橄榄岩包体的发现,可以判定兴蒙造山带内微陆块应具有古老的前寒武纪基底,并且壳幔是耦合的.微陆块内部地壳增生以垂向增生为主,且主要发生在新元古代和中元古代,以及次要的新太古代和古生代.相反,陆块间造山带或岛弧地体的陆壳则以侧向增生为主,且主要发生在新元古代和古生代.额尔古纳地块与兴安地块的拼合发生在早古生代早期;兴安地块与松嫩地块的拼合发生在早石炭世晚期;松嫩地块与佳木斯地块的拼合发生在早古生代晚期,中生代早期又经历了裂解与再闭合的构造演化过程;华北克拉通北缘增生杂岩带与北方微陆块群的最终拼合发生在晚二叠世-中三叠世,古亚洲洋的最终闭合发生在中三叠世,且为剪刀式闭合.晚古生代晚期蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板块南向俯冲作用的发生以及早中生代(三叠纪-早侏罗世)的持续南向俯冲,控制了大兴安岭-冀北-辽西地区的岩浆活动,蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋的闭合发生在中侏罗世,晚侏罗世-早白垩世主要表现为闭合后的伸展环境.古太平洋板块中生代的俯冲起始时间为早侏罗世,晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期东北亚陆缘主要表现为走滑的构造属性和陆缘地体从低纬度到高纬度的构造就位过程,早白垩世晚期-古近纪岩浆作用的向东收缩揭示了古太平洋板块的持续俯冲和俯冲板片的后撤过程,古近纪晚期日本海的打开标志着东北亚陆缘从活动陆缘已经转变为沟-弧-盆体系,并且标志着东亚大地幔楔的形成.     

青海都兰东北部哈莉哈德山花岗片麻岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及构造意义

青海都兰东北部哈莉哈德山花岗片麻岩原岩为具有S-型花岗岩特征的酸性侵入岩。来自该片麻岩的20粒锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定表明,该片麻岩的原岩花岗岩岩浆于约950Ma侵位结晶,岩浆物源源区存在中—新元古代的物质成分。正确甄别哈莉哈德山花岗片麻岩的变质围岩是否隶属于全吉地块的达肯大坂岩群,是理解全吉地块与柴达木地块在新元古代时期构造演化关系的关键。     

Ordovician palaeogeography with new palaeomagnetic data from the Montagne Noire (Southern France)

A joint palaeomagnetic and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar study has been performed on two olistolithic blocks from the Cabrières Wildflysch in the Montagne Noire region of the Massif Central in France. There, andesitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Llanvirn-Early Caradoc age (ca 470-458 Ma) occur. Despite extensive secondary alteration, destruction of the dominant magnetic mineral phase and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar whole rock experiments that demonstrate that the volcanic rocks suffered significant argon loss, a positive fold test and the presence of dual polarities suggest that a primary, Ordovician magnetisation has mostly survived. This is one of the few documented cases where the argon system was substantially reset whilst a subordinate set of small, relatively unaltered magnetite grains, probably hosted in silicates, still carry the original, in this case Ordovician, remanence.The new data show that the Montagne Noire region was located at high southerly latitudes (68° ⁺¹⁷/_-15) during the Mid-Ordovician. This latitude represents the location for NW Gondwana of which the Massif Central was a part. Palaeomagnetic data from all the Central European massifs and terranes demonstrate a close link to the Gondwana Margin during the Lower and Middle Ordovician.