柴达木地块北缘全吉地块钾长石浅粒岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年——对达肯大坂岩群时代的约束

为查明全吉地块基底中达肯大坂岩群的最大沉积年龄,用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了钾长石浅粒岩中的锆石U-Pb年龄。CL图像和Th/U比值指示这些锆石均为岩浆成因的锆石。36个测点207Pb/206Pb年龄变化范围为2094～2280Ma,其中年龄谐和度高于90%的30个测点的207Pb/206Pb年龄相对概率密度曲线呈单峰分布特征,峰值年龄为2190Ma左右。结合全吉地块最早一期变质事件的年龄,钾长石浅粒岩原岩碎屑和所在的达肯大坂岩群的沉积年龄范围被约束在1.95～2.19Ga之间。本研究表明,前人在侵入于达肯大坂岩群的伟晶岩脉中获得的约2.42Ga年龄的锆石应捕获于围岩,属于继承性岩浆碎屑成因,该类锆石年龄不能用来约束达肯大坂岩群原岩的最小沉积年龄。     

Neoproterozoic terrigenous deposits of the Tuva–Mongolian massif: geochemical correlation, sourcelands, and geodynamic reconstruction

We have established that the terrigenous deposits of the Haisuin Formation and metamorphic deposits of the Shutkhulai block are similar in geochemical characteristics to the rocks of the Oka Group. The volcanics of the Sarkhoi Group and, to a lesser extent, the crystalline deposits of the Gargan block and rocks of the Dunjugur ophiolite complex served as sourcelands for the studied deposits. The terrigenous deposits of the Oka Group and Haisuin Formation and the pararocks of the Shutkhulai block accumulated in the same sedimentary basin localized on the margin of the Tuva–Mongolian massif in the setting of an island-arc system.     

松辽盆地石炭系—二叠系油气勘探前景

通过区域地质背景分析,认为东北地区处于活动大陆边缘构造背景下,形成了石炭纪—二叠纪泛盆地,松辽盆地是在残留的石炭系—二叠系盆地之上形成和演化的,石炭系—二叠系分布面积达7.2×104km2。地球化学分析表明,二叠系以极低变质岩为主,泥岩的有机质成熟度和丰度较高,剩余生烃潜力普遍较低。盆地东部地区的二叠系泥岩厚度超过1000m,而成熟度低于北部和西部地区,处于过成熟阶段,至今仍具备生烃能力。上覆中生代地层沉积后,东部地区的二叠系泥岩有机质成熟度增幅较大,发生了二次生烃,生烃量巨大并得到有效保存,形成原生和次生油气藏,具有较好的勘探前景。     

班公湖-怒江带、羌塘地块特提斯演化 与成矿地质背景

早古生代—泥盆纪,研究区沉积环境以陆棚碎屑岩相和碳酸盐台地相为主,代表冈瓦纳大陆北缘和特提斯南侧的被动大陆边缘。石炭纪—二叠纪,本区进入特提斯南、北缘弧盆系统演化阶段,龙木错-双湖带北部、金沙江带南部和冈底斯带分别在石炭纪、二叠纪形成岩浆弧。中生代是特提斯南缘弧盆演化阶段,SSZ型蛇绿岩形成岩浆熔离型铬、镍、铂族金属矿床和热液型金矿。班公湖-怒江带特提斯在中侏罗世至早白垩世向南、北两侧俯冲并形成岩浆弧,该岩浆弧是重要的成矿带,形成斑岩铜矿、矽卡岩型磁铁矿和热液型多金属矿床。北羌塘东段侏罗纪弧后前陆盆地有利于形成沉积型、沉积-热液改造型和热液型铁、铜、锑、金矿床。晚白垩世碰撞作用主要与热液型矿床有关,分布范围较大,也可能存在晚白垩世至新生代碰撞阶段的斑岩铜矿。     

Research on the spatial structure of karst massif

Eight spatial structure types are determined through morphology, hydrogeology, hydrology and impulse response in karst districts, with the well studied Houzhai subterranean stream in Puding, Guizhou Province as a sample research area. These types contain peak-forest basin, peak-forest laterite platform, resurrected peak-forest basin, old peak-forest-funnel depression, peak-forest-funnel, peak-forest-funnel depression, peak-cluster valley and peak-forest-doline. In the area, each of them has its respective surface and subterranean structural feature, and morphology, hydrogeology, hydrology and impulse response as well. The difference of responses of subsurface system in different spatial structure types are obtained by time series analysis, frequency spectrum research and decline curve calculation of material current. According to the analysis of the aquifer feature, the upper reaches of suburfall stream is dominated by pipeline flow, the lower reaches is characterized by braided fissure flow drainage system and mixed characteristic exists in the middle reaches. The result of the impulse test shows that the large ascending range of stage in the test on swash condition is in fissure system. However, in pipeline type, especially in the subterranean stream where there is waterfall or incomplete fill of underground water, the ascending range of stage is one quantity level less than the impulse range of stage at some fissure types, showing that change range of stage can indicate the spatial structure characteristics of certain area upper the station. The main direction of karst geomorphic evolution there is positive course except in the west area. It can be seen that karst geomorphological evolution direction can change when discharge datum plane influences some part of a relatively large drainage. In certain time unit, the upper reaches are controlled by old datum plane and the lower reaches by new datum plane. Two opposite geomorphological evolution directions can exist in one drainage.     

滇西北峨眉山玄武岩与冈达概组下段玄武岩 对比研究

研究区峨眉山玄武岩分布于扬子地块西缘,冈达概组分布于其邻区的中咱微陆块。峨眉山玄武岩与冈达概组下段玄武岩均具有富碱、高钛特征,大部分属于碱性玄武岩系列,峨眉山玄武岩Mg#变化范围为0.31~0.70,属于适度演化过的岩浆,冈达概组下段玄武岩Mg#=0.34~0.43。总体上,冈达概组下段玄武岩比峨眉山玄武岩更富Ti,高FeO*,低MgO,低SiO2。两组玄武岩均有轻稀土强烈富集的特征,富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,但部分具有Sr、Zr负异常,均属板内玄武岩,岩浆来源于富集地幔,在地幔柱作用下产生。峨眉山玄武岩Rb、Ba有明显的波动,可能是受到源区混染作用影响,其微量元素比值表现出EM1-OIB与EM2-OIB的混合特征,起源于石榴石二辉橄榄岩,熔融程度为4%~7%。冈达概组下段玄武岩元素比值较稳定,与EM1-OIB具有很大的相似性,也起源于石榴石稳定区,其形成深度比峨眉山玄武岩深,熔融程度较低,为2%~5%,可能是产生于地幔柱边缘。中咱微陆块、扬子地台西缘的二叠系玄武岩源区物质均受峨眉山地幔柱影响,具有很大的亲源性,峨眉山地幔柱的活动为板块的裂解提供了动力。     

佳木斯地块中部二叠纪永清花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

位于中国东北佳木斯地块中部的永清花岗闪长岩曾被认为是早古生代麻山群的一部分,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析表明其形成时代为265±1 Ma(MSWD=2.1),相当于中二叠世。该岩体主要由半自形到自形的斜长石(30%～35%)、它形的石英(25%～30%)、它形的钾长石(20%～25%)和半自形的黑云母(10～15%)组成。在地球化学上,永清花岗闪长岩是高钾钙碱性到钙碱性系列的过铝质岩石,Sm/Dy值与Dy含量、Sr/Y值与Y含量以及Ce/Sm值与δEu均呈显著的线性相关,暗示在岩体侵位形成过程中同化混染作用有明显表现。考虑同化混染作用的影响,永清花岗闪长岩的母岩浆具有较高的Sr/Y和Sm/Dy值等特征可能反映源区中存在石榴子石,指示源区深度可能大于25 km。这与佳木斯地块南缘和张广才岭地区同期侵入岩的源区深度相对较浅形成鲜明的对照。结合区域研究资料,认为永清花岗闪长岩可能形成于佳木斯地块和松嫩地块及兴凯地块碰撞中或者碰撞后的环境。     

山西地块的深部构造和金伯利建造:兼论金刚石矿与稳定地块的深部过程

稳定地块的深部,软流圈上拱,岩石圈破裂,产生三联结构超壳深断裂系,地幔热流使上地幔岩局部熔融,形成碱性-偏碱性系列岩浆,沿深断裂系侵位过程中演化为金伯利岩建造.金刚石聚集于该建造的终端-(角砾状)碱性超基性岩类,爆发式侵入上地壳,迅速冷凝,金刚石得以保存而成为有用资源.我国的稳定地块面积颇广,显生宙经历多次深部过程,已查明多处金刚石矿藏,仍有巨大找矿潜力.     

Instability of a High Alpine Rock Ridge: the Lower Arête Des Cosmiques,Mont Blanc Massif,France

Rockfalls are dominant in the rock slopes and rock ridge morphodynamics in high mountain areas and endanger people who pass along or stay there, as well as infrastructure that host them (cable cars, refuges). Risks are probably greater now because of fast permafrost degradation and regression of surface ice, two consequences of the atmospheric warming of the last decades. These two commonly associated factors are involved in the instability of rock slopes by modifying the mechanical behaviour of often ice‐filled rock fractures and the mechanical constraints in the rock masses. This paper examines over 15 years the instability of the lower Arête des Cosmiques on the French side of the Mont Blanc massif. Its vulnerability is due to the presence of a high‐capacity refuge on its top (3613 m a.s.l.). In 1998, a part of the refuge was left without support when a collapse of 600 m³ occurred immediately below it. Since this date, reinforcement work has been carried out in this area, but the whole ridge has been affected by around 15 relatively shallow rockfalls. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this article assesses the role of the cryospheric factors in the triggering of these rockfalls.     

Deep-seated structure and gold content of Russia and China contiguous territories

On the contiguous territories of southeastern Russia and northeastern China,many gold-bearing areas are conjugate in space with the gradient zones of the gravity field.Large gold-ore districts,defining in many respects the metallogenic signature of the region,are located on the joints of differently oriented gradient zones.In the best-studied districts,the Precambrian protrusions,staged distribution of magmatic chambers (by vertical) above the Mohorovicic discontinuity and restriction to the peripheral parts of intrusive massifs have been recognized.Different-type gold deposits in the studied ore-placer districts and nodes are often located on the areas of joint of the granitoid massifs and subvolcanic bodies with depressions.Availability of areals of metasomatic alterations of rocks,placers,and ore occurrences of precious metals on such but poorly studied areas can serve as the basis for the revision and detailed forecasting-prospecting works to develop the mineral-raw material base of the region for precious metals.