Effect of Cyclic Loading Frequency on Undrained Behaviors of Undisturbed Marine Clay

Based on a series of cyclic triaxial tests, the effect of cyclic frequency on the undrained behaviors of undisturbed marine clay is investigated. For a given dynamic stress ratio, the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase with the number of cycles. There exists a threshold value for beth the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain, below which the effect of cyclic frequency is very small, but above which the accumulated pore water pressure and dynamic strain increase intensely with the decrease of cyclic frequency for a given number of cycles. The dynamic strength increases with the increase of cyclic frequency, whereas the effect of cyclic frequency on it gradually diminishes to zero when the number of cycles is large enough, and the dynamic strengths at different frequencies tend to the same limiting minimum dynamic strength. The test results demonstrate that the reasons for the frequency effect on the undrained soil behaviors are beth the creep effect induced by the loading rate and the decrease of sample effective confining pressure caused by the accumulated pore water pressure.     

Seismic tests on reinforced concrete and steel frames retrofitted with dissipative braces

Seismic tests have been conducted on two 3‐storey structures protected with pressurized fluid‐viscous spring damper devices. One of the structures was a reinforced concrete frame with clay elements in the slabs, while the other one was a steel frame with steel/concrete composite slabs. The spring dampers were installed through K bracing in between the floors. The tests were performed by means of the pseudodynamic method, which allowed the use of large and full‐size specimens, and by implementing a specific compensation strategy for the strain‐rate effect at the devices. The test results allowed the verification of the adequacy of the attachment system as well as the comparison of the behaviour of the unprotected buildings with several protected configurations, showing the benefits of the application of the devices and the characteristics of their performance. The response of the protected structures was always safer than that of the unprotected ones mainly due to a significant increase of equivalent damping. The increase in the damping ratio depends on the level of deformation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uniaxial compression and tension tests of anthracite and loading rate dependence of peak strength

The mechanical characteristics of coal under uniaxial compressive stress and uniaxial tensile stress are key factors in investigations of the stability of galleries and coal faces, and are vital considerations for the efficient design of coalmines, disaster prevention, and environmental preservation. These mechanical characteristics have long been a topic of research, but remain insufficiently understood. In this study we performed uniaxial compression tests and uniaxial tension tests on coal, with particular attention to two concerns. The first was to measure the loading rate dependence of the peak strength of coal. Coal shows high sample-to-sample scatter in strength; test methods that are successful in comparatively homogeneous rock types cannot be used for coal. We therefore used an alternative test method that was recently developed by the authors. Anthracite samples were subjected to alternating slow and fast strain rates. Measured variations in stress during this process were used to estimate the loading rate dependence of peak strength. The second objective was to obtain complete stress–strain curves for coal under uniaxial tensile stress. It is difficult to hold samples secure during a tensile test; consequently, such curves have yet to be obtained. This study presents a successful application of the authors' method to the analysis of coal samples, yielding a complete stress–strain curve under tensile stress. The two methods presented here hold promise for application not only to anthracite but also to a wide variety of coals. It is possible to derive the values of the constants used in constitutive equations from the obtained experimental results. Once these equations are determined, they can be incorporated into finite-element software to investigate various time-dependent behaviors of coal and aid in the efficient design of coalmines and the prevention of subsidence and mine disasters.     

基于数字图像分析的土工合成材料加筋砂土拉拔试验研究

由于加筋土界面作用的复杂性,加筋土工程建设中铺设土工格栅时往往采用经验的方法,很大程度上造成了土工格栅的浪费及工程安全隐患,理清不同填料筋土界面作用的影响范围,有助于确定加筋土结构的合理加筋间距。为了揭示不同填料筋土界面作用的影响范围,采用4种不同类型的砂土与格栅在不同法向应力下进行了一系列的拉拔试验,并结合数字图像量测技术,分析了不同类型砂土下界面剪切带厚度、颗粒位移矢量、格栅拉拔阻力峰值及应变等演变规律。研究表明：界面剪切带厚度H随法向应力σ_v与砂土平均粒径d₅₀的增加而增大,通过多变量拟合的方法,得到了H、σ_v与d₅₀三者之间的函数表达式;格栅在拉拔过程中,砂土颗粒位移矢量以土工格栅为界有着显著的差别,格栅上部的颗粒位移矢量明显大于下部颗粒,且在格栅上下一定范围内会形成颗粒位移矢量集中带;拉拔阻力峰值随σ_v及d₅₀的增加而增大;不同类型砂土各区段的格栅应变均表现出由前向后依次递减的趋势。     

基于广义SMP破坏准则的柱形孔扩张问题理论分析

采用应力跌落的简化应力-应变模型考虑土的应变软化特性,同时采用简化的体积应变?v与大主应变?1及大主应变?1与小主应变?3之间的相互关系反映土的剪胀特性,根据空间准滑动面(SMP)理论和平面应变轴对称问题的柱形孔扩张基本方程,推导并给出一般黏性土中柱形孔扩张问题的应力场、应变场、位移场、塑性区半径和孔扩张压力。通过算例分析,探讨了土的剪胀因素、软化特性对孔扩张问题的影响程度。为了反映中主应力的影响,将本文解与基于Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则的解答进行了比较。计算结果表明,土的剪胀性和软化特性及中主应力对孔扩张问题的影响是显著的,基于Mohr－Coulomb破坏准则的孔扩张解答往往偏于保守。     

有限元强度折减法在边坡稳定性分析中的有效性及结果检验方法

有限元强度折减法的有效性及结果评价决定该方法是否能在工程上得到认可及推广的关键。本文基于有理论解的地基承载力问题和澳大利亚计算机应用协会（ACADS）边坡稳定性典型考题,通过计算值与理论解的对比以及塑性贯通区结果,对有限元强度折减法用于边坡稳定分析的有效性、失稳判据以及结果评价等问题进行了系统研究,提出了以塑性带宽度与长度之比检验计算结果的方法。结果发现,在足够且合理的网格密度下,有限元强度折减法分析边坡稳定性是有效的,不同类型的临界状态判据差异不大,而塑性区贯通判据最为客观;临界状态时塑性带的宽度与长度之比与安全系数的计算精度有很高的相关性,其值越小,精度越高,当塑性区相对宽度b/L小于0.05时,安全系数相对误差一般小于5%;对于强度折减法计算结果的精度评价,只要所得的等效塑性应变分布能确定滑动机制和大致的滑动面位置,其安全系数计算结果与更细密的网格的结果差异一般也在5%以内,精度就是足够的。     

由GPS资料讨论中国大陆块体运动与应变模型的建立及检验

目前很多文献基于弹性力学假设,以小形变、均匀应变场为前提,利用GPS资料建立了中国大陆块体的整体旋转与均匀应变模型,并对模型进行了相关检验.但上述对模型的检验侧重从模型的拟合效果上进行分析和比较,忽略了对模型的适用性和假设条件合理性的检验.实际上,不同块体由于自身构造和外部条件的不同,其运动状况与应变状态并不完全一致,模型的适用性需进一步的验证.本文提出了两步检验方法对所建立的模型在中国大陆6个主要块体上进行了检验：第一步对应变参数进行显著性检验,第二步对应变均匀性进行检验,结果表明：根据所用数据精度,华南块体的刚性程度在95% 的置信水平上可以认为显著的,建立模型时不必考虑内部形变;其他块体内部形变显著,整体旋转与均匀应变模型并不能反映真实的地壳运动状态,必须考虑其形变的不均匀性.     

Fault induced permanent ground deformations: Experimental verification of wet and dry soil, numerical findings’ relation to field observations of tunnel damage and implications for design

Few building codes contains provisions fault surface ruptures and accompanying soil deformations which constitutes a great risk to human lives, buildings and infrastructure. A numerical and experimental comparison show a fair agreement of result. Analysis of “real” scale show the how water increases the incompressibility of wet soil causing shear deformations to become larger and conjugate ruptures to appear for reverse faults. Field observations and numerical analysis indicates that horizontal compression of soil surrounding underground structures should be taken into account in design.     

Corresponding Relation Between the Space-time Evolution of Seismic Apparent Strain and the Region of Strong Earthquakes in Yunnan

On the basis of our predecessors' research,we study the distribution and the space-time evolution characteristics of the seismic apparent strain field in Yunnan since the 1970's using the seismic data of Yunnan and its surrounding areas.The result shows that there is a rather strong corresponding relationship between the anomaly region of seismic apparent strain and strong earthquakes.In the nine earthquakes studied,anomaly areas of seismic apparent strain had appeared before eight earthquakes,including five occurring in the anomaly region and three on the edge.Finally,the investigative result is demonstrated primarily.     

温泉地震台钻孔体应变观测资料分析

对新疆温泉地震台钻孔体应变日常观测中的常见干扰进行识别,应用维尼迪科夫调和分析方法检测观测资料内精度和稳定性,分析了气压、水位对体应变观测的影响程度。分析结果表明,新疆温泉地震台的体应变观测较稳定,满足地震监测的需求条件。