土体各向异性边界面模型隐式算法在ABAQUS软件中的实现

基于Wheeler土体各向异性旋转硬化法则,结合边界面理论,构造一个能够反映土体初始各向异性及加载后应力诱发各向异性的边界面本构模型,并借助ABAQUS软件提供的UMAT子程序接口,采用隐式积分算法--图形返回算法实现。通过对正常固结状态下（OCR=1）高岭土试样三轴不排水剪切试验进行模拟,并将模拟结果与ABAQUS自带的修正剑桥模型模拟结果进行了比较分析,表明本模型的模拟结果能够反映土体在偏压加载过程中产生的各向异性现象。在此基础上,采用本模型对中等超固结（OCR=4）高岭土试样三轴不排水剪切试验进行模拟,并再次与ABAQUS自带的修正剑桥模型模拟结果进行比较,表明本模型能够较好地反映中等超固结土在小应变情况下的非线性特性。相比于经典弹塑性模型,如修正剑桥模型,本模型的模拟结果更符合中等超固结土的变形特性。     

平面应变条件下粗粒土的变形特性试验研究

使用河海大学TSW－40型真三轴仪,对粗粒土分别进行平面应变和常规三轴压缩试验,研究了粗粒土在平面应变条件下的应力-应变关系及各种应变之间的关系,包括：主应力差? 1-? 3(? 2-? 3)与大主应变?1、主应力比? 1 /? 3(? 2 /? 3)与大主应变?1、球应力p与体积应变?v、偏应力q与偏应变? s、广义应力比q/p与广义剪应变? s、小主应变? 3与大主应变?1、体积应变? v与广义剪应变? s之间的关系。试验结果表明,对于相同的? 3,平面应变试验的(? 1-? 3)(或? 1 /? 3)-ε1曲线位于常规三轴压缩试验相应曲线的上方;? 3大的(? 1-? 3)(或? 2-? 3)-? 1曲线在上方,而? 3大的? 1 /? 3(或? 2 /? 3)-? 1曲线在下方;对于相同的? 3,在相同的? 1下,平面应变条件下的小主应力方向膨胀量要比常规三轴压缩条件下的大;产生相同的? s时,? 3越大,? v越大,对于相同的? 3,平面应变条件下的? v要比常规三轴压缩条件下的大;粗粒土在平面应变和常规三轴压缩条件下加荷时,具有归一化的双曲线应力-应变关系。研究表明,采用非线性弹性模型计算粗粒土的平面应变问题时,有必要考虑弹性模量E和泊松比? 的各向异性。     

煤层气羽状水平井数值模拟模型的交替隐式算法

煤层气开采过程中通常采用数值模拟方法进行生产指标预测,其中的数值模型普遍采用三维全隐式差分法求解,模型涉及的参数变量多,求解难度大,计算复杂。根据煤层气的储气特征、吸附特征和解吸机理建立了反映煤层气解吸、扩散及渗流过程的气、水两相流动煤层气羽状水平井三维数学模型,模型考虑了煤层非均质各向异性的影响,运用块中心差分格式,对气、水相偏微分方程进行空间差分和时间差分,采用交替隐式(ADI)法求解,实现了煤层气羽状水平井开发数值模拟计算。交替方向格式可以把二维问题转化成一维问题,对x,y两个方向的迭代矩阵均为三对角矩阵,结构相同,易于编程计算。所建立的差分格式具有计算量小,稳定性好等优点,数值试验的结果表明效果良好。     

末次间冰期以来黄土-古土壤序列的磁组构特征及其指示的古风向

黄土高原粉尘物质的搬运、沉积过程与来自中高纬度地区的季风密切相关。研究冬季风演化历史将有助于深入理解全球变化背景下,东亚地区气候变化的动力机制。通过对黄土高原的磁组构研究发现:1)各向异性度(P)与磁面理度(F)相关性较高,因此各向异性主要由磁面理引起,磁化率椭球体为压扁状;2)磁面理大致水平,K3近垂直于水平面;3)黄土平均磁面理为1.007,古土壤为1.004,古土壤层的磁面理与各向异性度均要低于其下伏的母质黄土层。成土作用在某种程度上破坏了黄土的原生磁组构;4)P,F和粉尘粒度间具有一定内在联系,一般而言冬季风越强,搬运的粉尘颗粒越粗,从而导致在沉积过程中形成较高的磁面理;5)K₁方向的等面积赤平投影图和玫瑰花图解表明,末次间冰期以来该地区的主导风向为NW向冬季风。     

青藏高原西部叶城-狮泉河地区岩石圈各向异性研究

对青藏高原西部新疆叶城—西藏狮泉河地区宽频地震探测记录到的剪切波进行了各向异性分析,计算结果给出了该地区上地幔各向异性的特征:西昆仑地区各向异性大都沿北东方向分布,总体方向变化不大,各向异性整体走向与青藏高原和塔里木盆地北缘各向异性空间分布一致。由此得出:印度板块向北推进的构造运动是形成本区岩石圈剪切波各向异性的主要原因,青藏高原各地体的各向异性在较大的东西向范围内保持稳定,各地体岩石圈固有的各向异性方向为北东向;作为羌塘地体和拉萨地体的分界线,班公怒江断裂带是主要的地表分界位置,在深部,无论西部剖面还是中部剖面,印度板块岩石圈的各向异性在该断裂带上均没有变化。     

Pressure dependence and anisotropy of P-wave velocities in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt (China): Implications for seismic properties of subducted slabs and origin of mantle reflections

The compressional wave velocities (Vp), pressure derivatives (Vp′) and anisotropy (A) of three types of eclogites and country rocks from the Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, China, have been measured under confining pressures up to 800 MPa. Type-1 eclogites, which are coarse-grained and subjected to almost no retrograde metamorphism, experienced recovery-accommodated dislocation creep at peak metamorphic conditions (in the diamond stability field). Type-2 eclogites are fine-grained reworked Type-1 materials that experienced recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep under quartz/coesite boundary conditions during the early stage of exhumation. Type-3 eclogites are retrogressed samples that were overprinted by significant amphibolite facies metamorphism during a late stage of exhumation within the crust. Type-1 eclogites are richer in Al₂O₃ and MgO but poorer in SiO₂ and Na₂O than Type-2 and Type-3 eclogites. Anisotropy of Type-1 and Type-2 eclogites is generally low (<4%) because volumetrically important garnet is elastically quasi-isotropic, while Type-3 eclogites can exhibit high anisotropy (>10%) due to the presence of strongly anisotropic retrograde minerals such as amphibole, plagioclase and mica. The transition of the pressure dependence of velocity from the poroelastic to elastic regimes occurs at a critical pressure (P_c), which depends mainly on the density and distribution of microcracks and in turn on the exhumation history of rocks. The Vp–pressure relationship can be expressed by Vp=a(lnP)²+blnP+c (P≤P_c) and Vp=V₀+DP (P≥P_c), where P is the confining pressure, a and b are constants describing the closure of microcracks below P_c, c is the velocity when P is equal to one (MPa), V₀ is the projected velocity of a crack-free sample at room pressure, and D is the intrinsic pressure derivative above P_c. When data are curve-fit, pressure derivatives and anisotropy as functions of pressure are determined. The average Vp of the eclogites in the linear regime is 8.42+1.41×10⁻⁴P for Type-1, 7.80+1.58×10⁻⁴P for Type-2, and 7.33+2.04×10⁻⁴P for Type-3, where Vp is in km/s and P in MPa. The decrease in V₀ and increase in D from Type-1 to Type-3 eclogites are attributed to a decrease in garnet content and an increase in retrograde minerals. The NE–SW trending, NW-dipping, slab-like high Vp anomaly (8.72 km/s at a depth of 71 km) which extends from the Moho to at least 110 km beneath the Dabie–Sulu region, can be interpreted as the remnant of a subducted slab which is dominated by Type-1 eclogites and has frozen in the upper mantle since about 200–220 Ma. Such relic crustal materials, subducted and preserved as eclogite layers intercalated with felsic gneiss, garnet–jadeite quartzite, marble and serpentinized peridotite, could be responsible for regionally observed seismic reflectors in the upper mantle.     

岩石的磁性组构及其在岩石变形分析中的应用

文本总结了对采自巴彦乌拉山韧性剪切带的部分标本进行岩石组构数据测定的分析结果,并将其与用常规应变分析方法所得结果予以比较,表明了岩石磁化率各向异性椭球体能够反映总的应变椭球体,证明岩石磁化率各向异性技术做为一种岩石组构因素的研究是有发展前景的。岩石磁性组构资料可应用于变形岩石的应变分析,特别是在通常的岩石组构分析技术太费时间和粗糙的情况下更显示了其优越性。     

各向异性层状介质中视电阻率与磁场响应研究

针对任意各向异性地层,利用极向型和环向型标量位函数,导出相应的直流电视电阻率和磁电阻率的磁场响应关系.计算了各向异性地层的直流电视电阻率和磁电阻率响应特征,重点分析了电阻率测深方法与磁电阻率探测方法对地下各向异性介质的探测能力.文中采用状态矩阵的分析方法,首先采用极向型和环向型标量位构造了各向异性层状介质电场与磁场的通解,利用各层界面电场、磁场的连续性及地面激励源的耦合条件,推导了不同层之间电磁场的状态矩阵,建立了空间电场与磁场的递归计算关系.其次,针对递归计算中指数项数值计算的不稳定性,借用状态矩阵的性质,导出了将不稳定指数计算项转化为稳定的指数项的转换关系.针对横向各向同性(TI)介质中极向位与环向位解耦的特点,导出了电磁场的直接积分解.最后,采用解析解验证了算法的正确性,给出了多层各向异性地层模型的视电阻率和磁场响应曲线,分析了直流电法探测裂缝性地层、估计裂缝分布性状的可能性.     

惯量投影椭球在构造变形分析中的意义初探

本文讨论了一种新的数学工具,即惯量投影椭球（和椭圆）,在具有任意形状构造变形体的变形描述与应变分析中的意义。论证了在均匀的递进变形过程中,构造标志体惯量投影椭球的变形与其自身的变形保持一致,两者遵循同样的均匀变形方程。在进行构造变形描述和分析时,构造标志体形状与其惯量投影椭球是等效的。惯量投影椭球具有有限应变椭球相同的性质,可以用来描述任意形状构造标志体的变形,并可以替代具有任意形状构造标志体进行变形分析。先前适用于椭圆形标志体变形分析的方法均可应用于具有任意形状的构造标志体。这将为我们对具有任意形状的构造标志体变形的描述和分析提供方便和有用的数学工具。     

Characteristics of oceanic mesoscale variabilities associated with the inverse kinetic energy cascade

Oceanic geostrophic turbulence theory predicts significant inverse kinetic energy(KE) cascades at scales larger than the energy injection wavelength. However, the characteristics of the mesoscale variabilities associated with the inverse KE cascade in the real oceans have not been clear enough up to now. To further examine this problem,we analyzed the spectral characteristics of the oceanic mesoscale motions over the scales of inverse KE cascades based on high-resolution gridded altimeter data. The applicability of the quasigeostrophic(QG) turbulence theory and the surface quasigeostrophic(SQG) turbulence theory in real oceans is further explored. The results show that the sea surface height(SSH) spectral slope is linearly related to the eddy-kinetic-energy(EKE) level with a high correlation coefficient value of 0.67. The findings also suggest that the QG turbulence theory is an appropriate dynamic framework at the edge of high-EKE regions and that the SQG theory is more suitable in tropical regions and low-EKE regions at mid-high latitudes. New anisotropic characteristics of the inverse KE cascade are also provided. These results indicate that the along-track spectrum used by previous studies cannot reveal the dynamics of the mesoscale variabilities well.