中国区域水汽输送异常与长江流域旱涝的关系

The characteristics of water vapor transport (WVT) over China and its relationship with precipitation anomalies in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) are analyzed by using the upper-air station data in China and ECMWF reanalysis data in summer from 1981 to 2002. The results indicate that the first mode of the vertically integrated WVT is significant whose spatial distribution presents water vapor convergence or divergence in the YRB. When the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) is strong and shifts southward and westward, the Indian Monsoon Low Pressure (IMLP) is weak, and the northern part of China stands behind the middle and high latitude trough, a large amount of water vapor from the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the South China Sea (SCS) and the western Pacific forms a strong and steady southwest WVT band and meets the strong cold water vapor from northern China in the YRB, thus it is likely to cause flood in the YRB. When WPSH is weak and shifts northward and eastward, IMLP is strong, and there is nearly straight west wind over the middle and high latitude, it is unfavorable for oceanic vapor extending to China and no steady and strong southwest WVT exists in the region south of the YRB. Meanwhile, the cold air from northern China is weak and can hardly be transported to the YRB. This brings on no obvious water vapor convergence, and then less precipitation in the YRB. Foundation: International Technology Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2007DFB20210; Application Technology Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province, No. 2008NG0009; Basic Research Foundation of Institute of Chengdu Plateau, China Meteorological Administration, No.BROP2000802 Author: Jiang Xingwen (1983–), specialized in the study of climate diagnosis.     

敦煌地块南缘石炭纪埃达克岩的发现及其地质意义

侵位于敦煌杂岩中的青石沟黑云母石英闪长岩,锆石LA ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年研究结果表明其形成年龄为335±2Ma。岩石地球化学分析显示其具有高SiO2、高Al2O3和低MgO的主量元素地球化学特征,强烈富集Sr、亏损Yb和Y,具有较高的Sr/Y比值等特征,与埃达克质岩石具有一致的地球化学特征。青石沟黑云母石英闪长岩的Nd和Hf同位素值(εNd(t)=-9.39~-11.03,εHf(t)=-7.6~-16.6)显示其具有明显的壳源特征;Nd及Hf模式年龄值(Nd模式年龄t DM=1.83~1.98Ga,Hf二阶段模式年龄t DM2=1.53~1.95Ga)均表明其源区可能与元古代敦煌杂岩相关;结合较高的Mg#,低Cr和Ni含量,无Eu异常等特征,暗示该岩体为加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物。综合区域地质特征,初步认为敦煌地区早石炭世处于由陆陆俯冲(地壳加厚)作用向陆内伸展体制转化的构造环境。     

康定杂岩成因和构造意义——来自Hf同位素的证据

康定杂岩位于扬子地块西缘,通过对四川康定—冕宁—攀枝花—云南元谋地区出露的康定杂岩中基性、中性、酸性岩岩石学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素等多方面系统研究,确定这套岩石形成于岛弧环境。分析表明:康定杂岩中镁铁质侵入体锆石εHf(t)变化范围-4.2~+11.0,Hf模式年龄742~2386 Ma;长英质侵入体锆石εHf(t)变化范围-4.9~+9.4,Hf模式年龄为967~2707 Ma;暗示康定杂岩体复杂的构造成因。锆石Hf同位素分析表明其岩浆锆石具有与扬子地块西缘同时代镁铁质/长英质侵入体相似的Hf同位素组成,暗示其相似的岩浆起源。研究表明,康定杂岩为大洋俯冲背景下的产物,镁铁质侵入体来源于较为亏损地幔源区,长英质侵入体为新生陆壳与古老地壳物质相互作用形成的产物。锆石Hf同位素数据表明,康定侵入体杂岩中锆石Hf-全岩Nd解耦,为"锆石效应"与少量地壳物质加入共同作用结果。结合岩石学、地层学、构造及地球化学证据综合表明,新元古代时期,扬子地块可能位于Gondwana超大陆的边缘,而不是澳大利亚与北美Laurentia古陆之间的连接部分。     

综合物探技术在小盘岭公路隧道选线中的应用

利用综合物探技术,查明岩体风化情况、围岩分类以及构造带分布,进而为公路隧道的选线提供足够的信息,具有重要的意义。采用先进的电阻率成像技术和高分辨率浅层地震勘探方法,在小盘岭公路选线时,取得了很好的应用效果。     

三峡库区奉节县宝塔坪小区大型复杂滑坡特征及成因机制

奉节县新城宝塔坪小区的地质灾害问题是当前学术界关注的焦点,也是库区具有普遍性问题。本文首次提出,在小区发育有５个复杂结构的滑坡。滑坡具３种成因：（１）碎裂－溶蚀－杏黄色泥质条带发育－滑坡;（２）碎裂－溶蚀－Ｔ２ｂ＾２粉砂质泥岩顶层泥化－滑坡;（３）Ｔ２ｂ＾４泥岩溶蚀－滑坡。岩溶蚀作用为主导作用。断裂的发育为溶蚀作用提供了通道。     

复杂条件下煤田三维地震勘探应用实例

勘探区地处毛乌素沙漠西南边缘,表层多为干燥疏松的沙丘和黄土;浅层为沙土、卵石、砾石层,大部分地段不含水,均为松散沉积物。区内断层和褶皱发育,煤层埋藏深度与产状变化较大。针对该区表、浅层和深层复杂的地震地质条件,通过不断优化三维地震勘探设计,最终确定了野外数据采集观测系统及激发与接收参数,并在数据处理中,选择了合适的处理技术、处理参数及处理流程,获得了信噪比与分辨率较高的三维数据体,较好的完成了地质勘探任务。     

Mid–Late Triassic metamorphic event for Changhai meta-sedimentary rocks from the SE Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt,North China Craton: Evidence from monazite U–Th–Pb and muscovite Ar–Ar dating

The precise constraints on the timing of metamorphism of the Changhai metamorphic complex is of great importance considering the prolonged controversial issue of the north margin and the extension of the Sulu–Dabie HP–UHP Belt. While the monazite U–Th–Pb and muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar techniques are widely accepted as two of the most powerful dating tools for revealing the thermal histories of medium–low grade metamorphic rocks and precisely constraining the timing of metamorphism. The Changhai metamorphic complex at the SE Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt, North China Craton consists of a variety of pelitic schist and Grt–Ky-bearing paragneiss, and minor quartzite and marble. Analyses of mineral inclusions and back-scattered electric (BSE) images of monazites, combined with LA–ICP–MS U–Th–Pb ages for monazites and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for muscovites, provide evidence of the origin and metamorphic age of the Changhai metamorphic complex. Monazites separates from various Grt–Mus schists and Grt–Ky–St–Mus paragneisses exhibit homogeneous BSE images from cores to rims, and contain inclusion assemblages of Grt + Mus + Qtz ± Ctd ± Ky in schist, and Grt + Ky + St + Mus + Pl + Kfs + Qtz inclusions in paragneiss. These inclusion assemblages are very similar to matrix minerals of host rocks, indicating they are metamorphic rather than inherited or detrital in origin. LA–ICP–MS U–Th–Pb dating reveals that monazites of schist and paragneiss have consistent ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages ranging from 228.1 ± 3.8 to 218.2 ± 3.7 Ma. In contrast, muscovites from various schists show slightly older ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of 236.1 ± 1.5 to 230.2 ± 1.2 Ma. These geochronological and petrological data conclude that the pelitic sediments have experienced a metamorphic event at the Mid–Late Triassic (236.1–218.2 Ma) rather than the Paleoproterozoic (1950–1850 Ma), commonly regarded as the Precambrian basement for the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. Hence, the Changhai metamorphic complex should be considered as a discrete lithotectonic group.This newly recognized Mid–Late Triassic metamorphic event (236.1–218.2 Ma) for the Changhai metamorphic complex is coeval with the HP–UHP metamorphic event (235–220 Ma) for Sulu–Dabie rocks. This leads us to speculate that the metamorphism of the Changhai complex belt along the SE margin of the North China Craton was genetically related to the Mid–Late Triassic collision of the North China and South China cratons. By the same token, the Sulu–Dabie HP–UHP Belt may have extended through Yantai, and the southern Yellow Sea, and to the southern side of the Changhai metamorphic complex.     

大别山南部黄镇—凉亭河一线宿松变质杂岩岩石学和峰期变质温压条件及与高压榴辉岩对比研究

通过对宿松变质杂岩的野外地质观测、岩相学和热力学评价及其峰期变质温压条件的空间变化特征的研究,并对比南大别高压单元研究结果,探讨宿松变质杂岩的岩石构成和变质特征。研究表明宿松变质杂岩自北向南可分为I、II和III三个带,主体仅经历了绿帘角闪岩相至角闪岩相的变质作用,温压范围为t=398～613℃和p=0.61～1.53GPa,平均温压值为t=517℃±50℃和p=1.03±0.21GPa。该变质杂岩未显示任何蓝片岩相的变质特征,其内部也没有温度分带或连续变化的趋势。对比南大别高压单元的峰期变质条件,它们压力差至少可达p=0.92GPa,温度差可能在t=45℃,两者应在构造作用下叠置在一起。     

基于正交设计的复杂坝基弹塑性力学参数反演

复杂坝基弹塑性力学参数反演的计算工作量直接取决于采用何种优化方法。根据大坝在运行期的实测资料，运用有限元正交数值试验、回归分析和优化相结合的方法，反演了坝基岩体的弹塑性力学参数。实例研究表明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

水口山矿田花岗质潜火山杂岩的成因特征

水口山矿田内发育的花岗质岩石并非是互不联系的单体，而是一套由地下火山作用一潜火山作用在特定的构造条件和不同深度环境下，以不同方式形成的并规律结合的岩浆岩组合──花岗质潜火山杂岩。包括浅成（超浅成）侵入的花岗闪长质岩石、次火山侵入的英安份岩质岩石及其伴生的隐爆碎屑岩类。老鸦巢Ⅳ号角砾岩是英安玢岩质母岩浆在超浅成环境下隐蔽爆破而形成的隐爆角砾岩，它至少存在三条标志以区别于其它各类角砾岩。这套潜火山杂岩具过渡性地质地球化学特征。