周成旭,吴玉霖

通过连续观察和摄影，详细研究了夜光藻的二分裂和核分裂过程。发现夜光藻分裂时具核外突细胞膜现象，双鞭毛配子和多种状态的配子结合。结果表明，二分裂是夜光藻的主要繁殖方式，核分裂形成营养细胞的机会甚微，且具有某种程度的性健化不完善。     

渤海三维污染物迁移轨迹的数值计算

根据一种三维潮致拉格朗日余流的弱非线性理论,考虑单一频率潮波系统,在零阶天文潮和一阶拉格朗日余流数值计算的基础上,计算了二阶拉格朗日余流,然后对8个具有代表性的标识质点运动轨迹进行了数值跟踪。对水平及垂直运动性质进行了分析,并用卫片资料对结果进行了验证。提出一些有启发性的初步结果。     

海面溢油轨迹的分析与预报

考虑主要分期（Ｍ２，Ｓ２，Ｋ１，Ｏ１，Ｍ４，ＭＳ４）的潮流以及Ｍ２分期的潮汐余流，建立预报潮流场，并考虑海面风力的作用以及油的蒸发和乳化，利用欧拉－拉格朗日方法跟踪油膜的中心点，提出预报油膜的轨迹及其扩散范围。该模型适用于近岸事故溢油的快速预报．     

2019年影响中国台风的降水预报误差及其来源研究

针对2019年影响中国的8个台风,利用面向降水对象的CRA(contiguous rain area)方法研究了欧洲中期天气预报中心确定性预报的降水误差来源,及其在不同预报时段和降水量级下的变化趋势,分析了台风路径预报误差与降水对象的CRA位置误差之间的相关性,对比计算了台风路径修正与CRA shifting方法对于改进降水预报的作用,并评估了台风降水概率分布、径向分布和非对称分布的预报误差。结果表明:总体而言,台风降水预报的主要误差来自于位置误差和形态误差;除特大量级降水以外,台风降水对象的CRA位置误差与路径误差显著相关,通过修正台风路径能改进降水预报,但其效果要逊于CRA shifting方法;预报的台风降水概率密度分布形态与观测总体上较为一致,但台风核心区内的预报降水强度均大于观测;台风登陆或靠近我国沿海前后,预报降水较观测更靠近台风中心,且略滞后于观测,预报降水的非对称性明显弱于观测。     

Impact of Interannual Variation of Synoptic Disturbances on the Tracks and Landfalls of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

This study investigates the tropical cyclone (TC) activity associated with the two leading modes of interannual variability in synoptic disturbances. Both leading modes are found to be related to a dipole pattern of TC occurrence between the subtropical western North Pacific and the South China Sea. Therefore, in this study we performed composite analyses on TC tracks and landfalls, based on the cases of combined modes, to highlight the differences. The composite results indicate that these cases are characterized by distinct features of TC tracks and landfalls: more TCs tend to take recurving tracks and attack eastern China, Korea and Japan, or more TCs exhibit straight-moving tracks and hit the Philippines, Vietnam and southern China. Further analyses suggest that these distinctions in the TC prevailing tracks and landfalls can be attributed to the differences in large-scale steering flow and TC genesis location.     

Experimental effects of pressure and fluorine on apatite saturation in mafic magmas, with reference to layered intrusions and massif anorthosites

Apatite is a cumulate phase in the upper parts of some mafic layered intrusions and anorthositic complexes. We investigated the effect of pressure and fluorine on apatite saturation in mafic magmas to better understand under which conditions this mineral crystallizes. Apatite saturation gives information about the formation of silicate rocks, and is of interest in explaining the formation of apatite–oxide-rich rocks (e.g. nelsonites comprising approximately, one-third apatite and two-third Fe–Ti oxide). Two models of formation are proposed for this rock type: crystal fractionation followed by accumulation of apatite and Fe–Ti oxides and liquid immiscibility. New experiments carried out with mafic compositions at 500 MPa confirm that the most important variables on phosphate saturation are SiO₂ and CaO. Fluorine addition leads to apatite saturation at lower SiO₂ and higher CaO concentrations. Comparison of our results with those of previous experimental studies on liquid–liquid immiscibility at upper-to-mid-crustal conditions allows us to investigate the relative importance of apatite saturation versus liquid–liquid immiscibility in the petrogenesis of nelsonites and similar rocks. The liquid line of descent of three natural examples studied (the Sept-Îles intrusive suite, the anorthositic Complex of the Lac-St-Jean and the Skaergaard layered intrusion) do not cross the liquid–liquid immiscibility field before they reach apatite saturation. Thus, the apatite–oxide-rich rock associated with these three intrusive suites are best explained by crystal fractionation followed by accumulation of apatite and Fe–Ti oxides.     

The effect of the large-scale mantle flow field on the Iceland hotspot track

Fluid dynamical simulations were carried out in order to investigate the effect of the large-scale mantle flow field and the depth of the plume source on the structure of the Iceland plume through time. The time-dependent location and shape of the plume in the Earth's mantle was calculated in a global model and it was refined in the upper mantle using a 3D Cartesian model box. Global flow was computed based on density heterogeneities derived from seismic tomography. Plate motion history served as a velocity boundary condition in both models. Hotspot tracks of the plume conduits and the plume head were calculated and compared to actual bathymetry of the North Atlantic. If a plume source in the lowermost mantle is assumed, the calculated surface position of the plume conduit has a southward component of motion due to southward flow in the lower mantle. Depending on tomography model, assumed plume age and buoyancy the southward component is more or less dominating. Plume models having a source at the 660 km discontinuity are only influenced by flow in the upper mantle and transition zone and hence rather yield westward hotspot motion. Many whole-mantle plume models result in a V-shaped track, which does not match the straight Greenland–Iceland–Faroe ridge. Models without strong southward motion, such as for a plume source at 660 km depth, match actual bathymetry better. Plume tracks were calculated from both plume conduits and plume heads. A plume head of 120 K anomalous temperature gives the best match between plume head track and bathymetry.     

Determination of the effect of initial inner-core structure on tropical cyclone intensification and track on a beta plane

The sensitivity of TC intensification and track to the initial inner-core structure on a β plane is investigated using a numerical model. The results show that the vortex with large inner-core winds(CVEX-EXP) experiences an earlier intensification than that with small inner-core winds(CCAVE-EXP), but they have nearly the same intensification rate after spin-up. In the early stage, the convective cells associated with surface heat flux are mainly confined within the inner-core region in CVEXEXP, whereas the vortex in CCAVE-EXP exhibits a considerably asymmetric structure with most of the convective vortices being initiated to the northeast in the outer-core region due to the β effect. The large inner-core inertial stability in CVEX-EXP can prompt a high efficiency in the conversion from convective heating to kinetic energy. In addition, much stronger straining deformation and PBL imbalance in the inner-core region outside the primary eyewall ensue during the initial development stage in CVEX-EXP than in CCAVE-EXP, which is conducive to the rapid axisymmetrization and early intensification in CVEX-EXP. The TC track in CVEX-EXP sustains a northwestward displacement throughout the integration, whereas the TC in CCAVE-EXP undergoes a northeastward recurvature when the asymmetric structure is dominant. Due to the enhanced asymmetric convection to the northeast of the TC center in CCAVE-EXP, a pair of secondary gyres embedded within the large-scale primary β gyres forms, which modulates the ventilation flow and thus steers the TC to move northeastward.     

中吉天山隆升时代对比——裂变径迹年代学证据

中吉天山成矿带境内外天山在成矿时代、矿产种类、矿床规模等多方面存在重大差异。它们的成矿条件基本类似,是否因为保存条件的不同而产生这种差异值得关注。文章对采自吉尔吉斯斯坦北天山(境外西天山)的磷灰石样品进行了裂变径迹测试分析和温度-时间反演模拟研究,表明吉尔吉斯斯坦北天山在中新生代发生了四期抬升剥露作用,分别为晚侏罗世、晚白垩世、始新世和渐新世,且不同区域其抬升剥露史也不相同:晚侏罗世的抬升局限于伊塞克湖南岸的泰尔斯山脉,始新世的抬升主要发生在伊塞克湖南北两侧的泰尔斯山脉和昆格山脉,晚白垩世和渐新世的抬升为吉尔吉斯斯坦北天山整体抬升。与东部境内西天山对比表明,境内西天山整体隆升时间较早,历时较长,有可能隆升剥蚀程度超过境外西天山,从而造成了成矿方面的重大差异。     

The Quantitative IR Spectroscopic Determination of OH in Apatite Based on 1.4 μm

Water plays an important role in nearly every aspect of geological processes as well as in the evolution of planetary bodies. Chang E-3 NIR spectra appeared weak peak of OH in the vicinity of signal 1.4 μm, it may represent the presence of water. In order to quantitatively calculate the water content, apatite as the research object in the paper. Through analyzing and validating the infrared spectrum correlation between 1.4 μm and 2.8 μm of the structure water in the apatite, we obtained its molar absorption coefficient in the infrared spectrum of 1.4 μm. IR spectra were collected on oriented. When the light vector E is parallel to the c-axis of the apatite crystal, H₂O concentration in apatite can be related to measured IR absorbance as follows: C=ωA/ερd, which based on Beer-Lambert’s law. This result can provide reference for the interpretation of Chang E-3 near-infrared spectral data of water signal. This method can provide the basis for the quantitative calculation of structure water in the near infrared spectrum in other moon minerals.