利用相控模型进行井间参数预测

储层物性参数在空间的展布，一直是储层非均质性研究的难点，利用分形和蒙特卡洛方法，在精细的沉积微相及小层对比研究基础之上，预测了井间的岩石相分布，并根据取心井资料，建立了各种岩石相的渗透率相控模型，从而预测出井间渗透率的分布。该方法以地质特征为基础，将地质资料与数学方法相结合，充分体现了渗透率在井间既具有连续性，同时变化又非常剧烈的特点，为储层物性空间预测提供了新的思路。     

Low Electrical Resistivity And Seismic Velocity At The Base Of The Upper Crust As Indicator Of Rheologically Weak Layer

Conductivity models were compiled in two geological provinces with thinsediments. The first province is the margin of the Precambrian East EuropeanPlatform. The second one is the Phanerozoic Rhenish Massif as a part of CentralGermany Hercinicum. In both provinces, a conducting layer was revealed at thebase of the upper crust by the magnetotelluric soundings. Its depth is around10 km in the East European Platform and around 15 km in the Rhenish Massif.The conductance of the layer reaches a few tens of Siemens in the first provinceand is almost an order of magnitude greater in the second one.A good correlation between the conductor and a seismic wave-guide (low-velocityzone) exists at the base of the upper crust. Simultaneous decrease of both electricalresistivity and seismic velocity, suggests an increase of porosity and permeability inpresence of saline water. The depth of rheological weak layer in the PhanerozoicRhenish Massif corresponds to the commonly accepted depth of the thermallyinduced brittle/ductile transition. Contrary similar layer in the Precambrian EasternEuropean Platform is much shallower than the thermally induced transition. Somenew mechanism should be considered.     

Fractures: Finite-size scaling and multifractals

The distributions of contact area and void space in single fractures in granite rock have been determined experimentally by making metal casts of the void spaces between the fracture surfaces under normal loads. The resulting metal casts on 52 cm diameter core samples show a complex geometry for the flow paths through the fracture. This geometry is analyzed using finite-size scaling. The spanning probabilities and percolation probabilities of the metal casts are calculted as functions of observation scale. Under the highest stresses of 33 MPa and 85 MPa there is a significant size-dependence of the geometric flow properties for observation scales smaller than 2 mm. Based on this data, the macroscopic percolation properties of the extended fracture can be well represented by relatively small core samples, even under normal stresses larger than 33 MPa. The metal casts also have rich multifractal structure that changes with changing stress.     

Convective stability analysis of the long-term storage of carbon dioxide in deep saline aquifers

Deep saline aquifers are one of the most suitable geologic formations for carbon sequestration. The linear and global stability analysis of the time-dependent density-driven convection in deep saline aquifers is presented for long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂). The convective mixing that can greatly accelerate the CO₂ dissolution into saline aquifers arises because the density of brine increases upon the dissolution of CO₂ and such a density difference may induce instability. The effects of anisotropic permeability on the stability criteria, such as the critical time for the appearance of convective phenomena and the critical wavelength of the most unstable perturbation, are investigated with linear and global stability analysis. The linear stability analysis provides a sufficient condition for instability while the global stability analysis yields a sufficient condition for stability. The results obtained from these two approaches are not exactly the same but show a consistent trend, both indicating that the anisotropic system becomes more unstable when either the vertical or horizontal permeability increases.     

Lithological and physical properties of core samples from the Sagara oil field: Oil occurrence in Sagara core samples

Abstract   A drilling and coring investigation of the Sagara oil field, central Honshu, Japan, was conducted to contribute to the understanding of hydrocarbon migration processes in a forearc basin. Core samples were analyzed to determine lithology, physical properties (specifically gas permeability) and the characteristics of oil occurrence. Gas permeability values greater than approximately 10⁻¹¹ m² constitute the basic precondition for any lithology to serve as a potential fluid conduit or reservoir in the Sagara oil field. Cores recovered from the 200.6-m-deep borehole were primarily composed of alternating siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate, all of which are correlated to the late Miocene Sagara Group. Both sandstone and conglomerate can be classified into two types, carbonate-cemented and poorly to non-cemented, based on matrix material characteristics. Oil stains are generally absent in the former lithology and more common in the latter. Variations in physical properties with respect to gas permeability values are directly related to the presence and character of carbonate cement, with higher permeabilities common in poorly to non-cemented rocks. The relationships between lithology, oil-staining, cementation and permeability indicate that cementation preceded oil infiltration and that cementation processes exerted significant control on the evolution of the reservoir.     

Determination of Porosity and Permeability out of Dispersion Analyses of Borehole Wall Displacements

Waves carried in the borehole can be measured by the use of controlled sources inside the borehole and receivers located in the same borehole as well. This article gives the theoretical background and develops a new method to determine rock-physical parameters out of such controlled measurements of waves carried inside the borehole. Theoretical dispersion curves of the group velocities are matched to dispersion analyses of registrations obtained in the borehole. This inversion process intends to determine the in situ porosity and permeability of the rock.     

颗粒破碎对煤矸石渗透性能的影响

采用标准试验方法求得筑坝用煤矸石的最大干密度和相应的最优含水量。试验结果表明,击实作用使煤矸石的粗大颗粒发生破碎,导致其粒度组成改变,颗粒级配进一步趋于良好,有利于碾压密实。当粗粒质量分数大于60%时,煤矸石的破碎程度明显提高。当粗粒质量分数小于40%时,煤矸石的工程特性主要由细颗粒的性质决定。煤矸石的渗透系数和孔隙比之间存在指数关系。随细颗粒含量的增加,煤矸石的渗透性将显著降低。     

帷幕灌浆在坝基防渗处理中的应用——以新疆乌什水水库为例

新疆乌什水水库为注入式水库。于1984年始修,总库容3850×104m3,灌溉下游农田。因坝基严重渗漏,2002年被新疆水利专家评为险库,对坝基需进行防渗帷幕灌浆处理。为此,设计和施工中确定了坝基防渗处理原则,从而探索出一套最佳的灌浆工艺。现场运用多种手段对灌浆质量进行全面检查,对施工全过程实施质量控制和跟踪监理,使施工的838个灌浆孔(总进尺25804.18m)的优良率达84.8%,7个固结灌浆单元和21个帷幕灌浆单元工程合格率达100%。固结灌浆和帷幕灌浆部分工程及坝基防渗帷幕单位工程均被评为优良工程。