松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组页岩油储层中有机质微孔特征

页岩油储层中的有机质一直是页岩油研究的重点。用电子背散射（HDBSD）详细地研究了古龙页岩油储层中的有机质中的微孔,发现了古龙页岩油储层有机质中的微孔非常发育。有机质微孔可以分为4种类型：①结构镜质体微孔;②均质镜质体微孔;③沥青质体微孔;④有机黏土微孔。有机质微米孔的直径多在1 μm到数微米,圆形、近圆形或不规则;研究还发现,古龙页岩油储层中的孔隙度与有机碳呈一定的正相关关系。对有机质中的微孔孔隙度进行了初步的定量分析,获得了平均值为2239%;初步计算表明有机微孔对储层孔隙度总的贡献在044%左右（有机碳取20%）。有机质中的微米孔（包括其他微米孔）可以与更高一级的微缝和页理缝互相联结,构成了一个很好的空间联通网络系统,为古龙页岩油的有效开发奠定了物质基础。     

富有机质页岩生烃阶段孔隙演化——来自鄂尔多斯延长组地质条件约束下的热模拟实验证据

通过加水的高温高压热模拟实验对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段陆相低熟油页岩进行地质条件约束下的模拟,获得不同热演化程度的页岩样品,并对其孔隙特征及纳米级孔隙的分布进行研究。结果表明,原始样品微孔隙类型主要有原生残留孔隙、次生溶蚀孔隙、黏土矿物粒间孔和黄铁矿晶间孔,及一些表生作用形成的收缩孔,其中一些孔隙被残留烃所充填。随着温、压的升高,有机质孔开始发育,样品孔隙度呈现出先增加后减小的演化规律,从原始样品的3.8%升高至350℃、32.5 MPa的17.53%后又逐渐降低,370℃、42.9 MPa时为8.15%,孔径峰值从20~100nm变为2~10nm,尔后又升至20~200nm,页岩孔隙度的增加主要是有机孔的贡献。低熟阶段样品中有机质纳米级孔隙发育有限,而是多在有机质与骨架颗粒接触边缘发育长条形、狭缝状的孔隙。随着成熟度的升高,在有机质内部开始出现孔隙,黏土颗粒间的有机质也开始分解,出现纳米级层间孔。随温度、压力的继续增大,压实作用、矿物相变及有机孔形成速度减缓的共同作用而减孔显著,岩样孔隙度减小幅度达5.68%,因此对于富有机质页岩来说,深埋阶段压实作用不容小视。     

流体的角动量平衡方程—对流体力学方程组的新建议

本文提出了一个包括流体的角动量平衡方程的新的流体力学方程组。     

Estimating Deep Seafloor Interface and Volume Roughness Parameters Using the Multibeam-Hydrosweep System

Utilizing a hull-mounted, multinarrow beam echosounder onboard RV Polarstern, we measured variation of acoustic backscatter with incidence angles at two different sites in the Southern Oceans (Agulhas Plateau and the Riiser Larsen Sea). We modeled the data, using a composite roughness model, including water-sediment interface roughness and sediment volume roughness parameters. The model effectively uses the near normal incidence angle backscatter to determine the seafloor interface roughness parameters employing Helmholtz-Kirchhoff theory. Beyond 20° incidence angles, an application of Rayleigh-Rice theory is made by using a necessary splicing technique (combining both of the theories at 20° incidence angle). The estimated interface and volume roughness parameters are found to be in accordance with the known area geology.     

西秦岭晚白垩世原型盆地——新生代青藏高原隆起的背景

青藏高原是新生代隆升的构造地貌。本文试图通过对青藏高原东北缘的西秦岭上白垩统的研究,揭示新生代青藏高原隆升之前的晚白垩世原型盆地和构造地貌背景,这对探索青藏高原隆起过程的起始至关重要。西秦岭腹地岷县地区分布着一套角度不整合于下伏不同时代地层之上且沉积序列相近的上白垩统红层地层。该套红层现今呈离散分布,故多被认为是西秦岭陆内造山阶段不同山间盆地或走滑拉分盆地的沉积物。对不同高程和露头上的该套红层与下伏地层之间角度不整合面地质特征对比分析,特别是对不整合面之上含砾砂岩和砂岩的粒度组成和颗粒的显微结构研究表明,该套红层底部的胶结砂砾岩和其上的红色砂岩皆具有沙漠沉积的特征,也就是说西秦岭晚白垩世曾出现过干旱沙漠环境。沙漠环境的出现不仅需要干旱炎热气候条件,而且需要相对平坦的地形地貌空间条件。据此,本文提出了西秦岭在晚白垩世可能处于相对平缓的古地貌状态。现今这套红层不连续分布在相对平坦的山顶面,其下部以洪积砾岩、河床砾岩和砂岩、沙漠相砂岩互层,上部则以河一湖相红色泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩等细碎屑沉积为主。经研究分析认为西秦岭在上白垩统红层开始沉积之时,总体已处于地形起伏不大的洪积平原和宽谷型河流地貌,而晚期则演变为平坦湖盆地貌,其原始盆地为统一宽缓的湖相盆地。现今上白垩统红层地层和角度不整合的弥散性分布是在印度板块-欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的动力学背景下,青藏高原崛起和逆冲-走滑作用以及地壳不均匀抬升-侵蚀的结果。西秦岭晚白垩世相对平坦的古地貌状态确定可为研究西秦岭中新生代陆内构造过程和高原隆升与板内变形在东北缘的扩展提供重要线索和参考标志。     

应用分形理论研究煤孔隙结构

通过对淮南、淮北两个研究区内各煤矿不同煤级煤样进行的压汞法孔隙测量结果的分析，表明用分形维数可以表示煤的孔隙结构特征，而且煤孔隙体积分形维数随着变变质程度的增高而减小，渗透性随煤级的增加而减弱。     

地壳介质的各向异性弹性本构关系讨论

论述了地壳介质中存在的几类各向异性弹性本构关系，推导了应变能变换公式、EDA薄层各向异性弹性常数及非对称面上EDA构成的单斜对称弹性常数的计算公式，讨论了几种各向异性对称系统的特征方程，并给出了弹性波的角散表达式，最后选取合理的参数对波的角散现象进行了数值模拟。     

日长变化、大气角动量和ENSO:1997～1998厄尔尼诺和1998～1999拉尼娜信号

采用1970年1月－1999年6月期间日长变化序列（ΔLOD）、大气角动量（AAM）和南方涛动指数（SOI），通过小波变换等方法研究ΔLOD、AAM与ENSO间的关系。结果表明，ΔLOD和AAM的年际变化与ENSO具有相似的时变谱结构，从日长和AAM资料中可以检测到1997－1998年厄尔尼诺（El Nino)和1998－1999年拉尼娜（La Nina)事件的信号。     

Hydration swelling of crystalline rocks

Long-duration deformation experiments at room temperature have shown that crystalline rocks with low porosities, such as granites, diorites, gneisses and metabasites, swell when saturated with water and shrink when dried out. The effect is reversible and reproducible. The swelling cannot be completely hindered by confining pressures up to 15 MPa. The volume strain (from the dry to the saturated state) is of the order of a tenth of the porosity. The volume strain is decreased in brine with increasing molarity and becomes much smaller by saturation with heptane. Swelling and shrinking can also be observed with sorption and desorption of water, that is a change in the relative humidity of the air. It is proposed that the swelling effect is due to surface forces, that is van der Waals attraction and electrostatic double-layer and solvation repulsion. The pore pressure causing the swelling was estimated to be of the order of 15 MPa. This indicates the presence of very flat pores with distances between the surfaces of about 1 nm. The surface forces probably also play an important role in determining the seismic properties of the rocks at low confining pressures.     

A unique lacustrine mixed dolomitic-clastic sequence for tight oil reservoir within the middle Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Junggar Basin,NW China: Reservoir characteristics and origin

The middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusaer Sag of the southeastern Junggar Basin, NW China, was the site of a recent discovery of a giant tight oil reservoir. This reservoir is unusual as it is hosted by lacustrine mixed dolomitic-clastic rocks, significantly differing from other tight reservoirs that are generally hosted by marine/lacustrine siliciclastic–calcitic sequences. Here, we improve our understanding of this relatively new type of tight oil reservoir by presenting the results of a preliminarily investigation into the basic characteristics and origin of this reservoir using field, petrological, geophysical (including seismic and logging), and geochemical data. Field and well core observations indicate that the Lucaogou Formation is a sequence of mixed carbonate (mainly dolomites) and terrigenous clastic (mainly feldspars) sediments that were deposited in a highly saline environment. The formation is divided into upper and lower cycles based on lithological variations between coarse- and fine-grained rocks; in particular, dolomites and siltstones are interbedded with organic-rich mudstones in the lower part of each cycle, whereas the upper part of each cycle contains few dolomites and siltstones. Tight oil accumulations are generally present in the lower part of each cycle, and dolomites and dolomite-bearing rocks are the main reservoir rocks in these cycles, including sandy dolomite, dolarenite, dolomicrite, and a few dolomitic siltstones. Optical microscope, back scattered electron, and scanning electron microscope imaging indicate that the main oil reservoir spaces are secondary pores that were generated by the dissolution of clastics and dolomite by highly acidic and corrosive hydrocarbon-related fluids.