罗布泊第四纪卤水钾矿储层孔隙成因与储集机制研究

罗布泊第四纪盐层中储集丰富的卤水钾盐资源，储集层主要为钙芒硝岩。研究表明，其储卤孔隙可划分为：原生晶间孔隙、准原生晶间孔隙、次生孔隙；次生孔隙又分为溶蚀孔隙、交代孔隙和晶洞孔隙。本文主要通过类比分析，确定钙芒硝岩在浅埋藏期间，在其原生沉积孔隙基础上，发育准原生晶闸孔隙，即蜂窝状孔隙，并在其中储集了大量富钾卤水。研究揭示出钙芒硝岩孔隙的发育的与矿物的菱片－菱板状结构、点－面式接触的“杂乱分布”密切相关。由于钙芒硝岩具有相对较的在硬度，其中大多数孔隙在埋藏过程中得以保存，同时，钙芒硝岩在承压环境中受溶蚀作用还可产生晶沿孔隙，这两种孔隙均储集了大量的卤水钾资源。     

Fractal Characteristics of Coal Pores Based on Classic Geometry and Thermodynamics Models

To better understand the characteristics of coal pores and their influence on coal reservoirs, coal pores in eight main coalfields of North China were analyzed by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fractal characteristics of coal pores (size distribution and structure) were researched using two fractal models: classic geometry and thermodynamics. These two models establish the relationship between fractal dimensions and coal pores characteristics. New results include: (1) SEM imaging and fractal analysis show that coal reservoirs generally have very high heterogeneity; (2) coal pore structures have fractal characteristics and fractal dimensions characteristic of pore structures are controlled by the composition (e.g., ash, moisture, volatile component) and pore parameters (e.g., pore diameter, micro pores content) of coals; (3) the fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) of coal pores have good correlations with the heterogeneity of coal pore structures. Larger fractal dimensions correlate to higher heterogeneity of pore structures. The fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) have strong negative linear correlations with the sorted coefficient of coals (R2=0.719 and 0.639, respectively) that shows the heterogeneity of coal pores; (4) fractal dimension D1 and petrologic permeability of coals have a strong negative exponential correlation (R2=0.82). However, fractal dimension D2 and petrologic permeability of coals have no obvious correlation; and (5) the model of classic geometry is more accurate for fractal characterization of coal pores in coal reservoirs than that of thermodynamics by optimization.     

克拉玛依油田530井区下乌尔禾组储层物性及油水分布控制因素

克拉玛依油田530井区上二叠统下乌尔禾组为一厚层状的砂质砾状结构火山碎屑冲积扇沉积。油藏的储层物性变化大，油水分布关系复杂。通过岩石薄片、铸体、扫描电镜、物性等资料，分析了储层的成岩演化特征和孔隙成因类型，定量分析原生孔隙、次生孔隙与储层孔隙度、沉积相带之间的关系。在此基础上，根据试油和测井解释成果，综合分析油水分布控制因素。     

Estimation of rocking and torsion associated with surface waves extracted from recorded motions

By exploiting the capability of identifying and extracting surface waves existing in a seismic signal, we can proceed to estimate the angular displacement (rotation about the horizontal axis normal to the direction of propagation of the wave; rocking) associated with Rayleigh waves as well as the angular displacement (rotation about the vertical axis; torsion) associated with Love waves.For a harmonic Rayleigh (Love) wave, rocking (torsion) would be proportional to the harmonic vertical (transverse horizontal) velocity component and inversely proportional to the phase velocity corresponding to the particular frequency of the harmonic wave (a fact that was originally exploited by Newmark (1969) [15] to estimate torsional excitation). Evidently, a reliable estimate of the phase velocity (as a function of frequency) is necessary. As pointed out by Stockwell (2007) [17], because of its absolutely referenced phase information, the S-Transform can be employed in a cross-spectrum analysis in a local manner. Following this suggestion a very reliable estimate of the phase velocity may be obtained from the recordings at two nearby stations, after the dispersed waves have been identified and extracted. Synthesis of the abovementioned harmonic components can provide a reliable estimate of the rocking (torsional) motion induced by an (extracted) Rayleigh (Love) wave.We apply the proposed angular displacement estimation procedure for two well recorded data sets: (1) the strong motion data generated by an aftershock of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake and recorded over the Western Coastal Plain (WCP) of Taiwan, and (2) the strong motion data generated by the 2010 Darfield, New Zealand earthquake and recorded over the Canterbury basin. The former data set is dominated by basin-induced Rayleigh waves while the latter contains primarily Love waves.     

牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段浊积岩储层成岩作用及主控因素分析

东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段浊积岩储层以长石细砂岩、岩屑细砂岩及粉砂岩为主,结构成熟度及成分成熟度均较低.浊积岩样品的显微特征及成岩矿物的组合关系分析结果表明:该区的浊积岩储层目前主要处于晚成岩A期到B期的过渡阶段,成岩现象包括压实压溶作用、石英的次生加大作用、碳酸盐矿物胶结作用、溶解作用和粘土矿物转化作用等,这些作用过程受矿物与孔隙流体之间的相互作用控制.影响成岩作用的主要因素是岩石性质、沉积微相、水介质的性质、超压、高温以及烃类的早期注入.     

番禺低隆起—白云凹陷北坡第三系储层次生孔隙形成机理分析

根据砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜的分析,研究区内发育大量的粒间和粒内溶蚀孔。在大量实测物性参数统计分析的基础上,发现了白云凹陷第三系储层存在两个次生孔隙发育带,主要分布在2 750～3 500 m和4 100～4 600 m两个深度段。通过同位素示踪的方法,证实了形成次生孔隙的原因主要是有机质成熟时释放的有机酸和成岩过...     

白云石有序度对湖相混积碳酸盐岩储集层物性的控制作用:以柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统为例

对英西地区渐新统湖相混积碳酸盐岩储集层的物性特征及主控因素进行了分析。系统地开展了岩石矿物学特征、物性分析、孔隙结构、白云石有序度测试、无序白云石成因机理及其对储层物性的影响研究,提出英西地区渐新统储集层主要为"低孔-特低渗"型储层,其孔隙发育程度主要受控于岩石中的白云石含量,其中白云石有序度对岩石物性具有重要的控制作用。研究结果表明:(1)测井孔隙度与岩石中的白云石含量呈明显正相关关系,而与泥质含量呈负相关关系;(2)理想模式下,当岩石中白云石含量为100%时,有序白云石的分子结构决定了其孔隙度应为13%,研究区氦气法实测孔隙度与白云石含量相关关系投点图中的数据点大多分布在该理想模式线附近;(3)理想模式线上方的样品,其晶间孔多被扩大改造,有的被碎屑颗粒支撑扩大,有的被微弱溶蚀扩大,理想模式线下方的样品,其晶间孔多被黄铁矿或其他物质半充填而变小;(4)少数岩石样品的白云石含量较高但其孔隙度值较小,主要为有序度较低的白云石或者无序白云石,在白云石含量相同的条件下,有序度越高,其孔隙越发育。     

油气藏微观不均一性及其意义

油气储集岩中不同孔隙类型（开放型与封闭型）中的油气组分、孔隙中自由状态的油气组分、矿物颗粒表面吸附（束缚状态）的油气组分、以及矿物内部油气包裹体之间常规生物标志化合物组成（甾、萜分布）存在明显的差异,反映了不同成藏阶段油气组成的地球化学特征,展示了油气充填过程,同时为油源对比提供了新方法。     

钾长石在碱性条件下的蚀变机制及其蚀变产物托贝莫来石的纳米结构研究

钾长石在碱性流体蚀变过程中会形成层状铝硅酸盐等矿物,前人对其反应机制和反应产物进行了研究,但缺乏微观尺度尤其是纳米尺度的探讨。因此,作者对钾长石在极端碱性条件下(190℃,24h,初始p H=12.4)的蚀变机制及其蚀变产物层状硅酸盐托贝莫来石的显微结构开展了纳米尺度的研究。X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散光谱等观测结果显示,钾长石在碱性条件下水热蚀变所得到的产物主要为托贝莫来石、水钙铝榴石和方解石。高分辨率的透射电镜结果表明,在钾长石与次生矿物相的界面形成了纳米级的多孔非晶质层,且在空间上表现出结构的不连续性。界面溶解-再沉淀(CIDR)机制很好地解释了钾长石与次生矿物相界面的空间不连续性和非晶质层的形成。对蚀变产物中纤维状的托贝莫来石晶体进行显微结构表征,结果表明托贝莫来石的孔隙直径为0～160nm,平均孔径约为40nm;其构成的纳米孔隙和通道有利于增加周围流体中离子和气体的溶解度,并可能会影响局部化学平衡。这为层状铝硅酸盐作为自然界以及工业吸附材料和催化剂的更广泛应用提供了重要依据。