弱地形上内潮生成问题——1.数学物理框架及解析解

基于二维线性理论,得到了有限深海洋中弱地形上内潮生成问题的解析解。与前人的结果相比,研究中没有采用静力近似。结果表明,静力近似的采用与否对内潮能通量有明显影响。对于高斯地形,没有采用静力近似的情况下得到的能通量总是比采用静力近似得到的能通量小。特别是当Brunt-Vaisala频率与局地潮频率相近时,采用静力近似得到的结果明显高估了内潮能通量。当Brunt-Vaisala频率远大于局地潮频率时,静力近似的采用与否对内潮能通量的估算影响很小。     

The Boussinesq and anelastic liquid approximations for convection in the Earth’s core

Convection in the Earth’s core is usually studied in the Boussinesq approximation in which the compressibility of the liquid is ignored. The density of the Earth’s core varies from ICB to CMB by approximately 20%. The question of whether we need to take this variation into account in core convection and dynamo models is examined. We show that it is in the thermodynamic equations that differences between compressible and Boussinesq models become most apparent. The heat flux conducted down the adiabat is much smaller near the inner core boundary than it is near the core-mantle boundary. In consequence, the heat flux carried by convection is much larger nearer the inner core boundary than it is near the core-mantle boundary. This effect will have an important influence on dynamo models. Boussinesq models also assume implicitly that the rate of working of the gravitational and buoyancy forces, as well as the Ohmic and viscous dissipation, are small compared to the heat flux through the core. These terms are not negligible in the Earth’s core heat budget, and neglecting them makes it difficult to get a thermodynamically consistent picture of core convection. We show that the usual anelastic equations simplify considerably if the anelastic liquid approximation, valid if αT?1, where α is the coefficient of expansion and T a typical core temperature, is used. The resulting set of equations are not significantly more difficult to solve numerically than the usual Boussinesq equations. The relationship of our anelastic liquid equations to the Boussinesq equations is also examined.     

基本气流的垂直切变对热带行星尺度大气波动的影响

通过一个赤道β平面上的绝热无摩擦的两层模式,讨论了线性垂直切变的纬向基本气流对热带行星尺度大气波动的影响。在长波近似下,当有纬向基本气流垂直切变时,可得到与东传Kelvin波和西传Rossby波对应的不稳定模态。对不稳定的Kelvin波模态,其相速受垂直切变的影响不大,而对不稳定的Rossby波模态,切变越大,西传速度越小。基本气流的垂直切变主要影响热带Rossby波。     

裂缝诱导的TTI介质固液解耦反射系数方程及裂缝和流体参数反演方法

利用地震数据进行裂缝预测及流体识别对于裂缝性储层的勘探开发具有重要意义.针对单组旋转对称的倾斜裂缝诱导的TTI介质, 基于各向异性Gassmann方程, 推导了固液解耦纵波反射系数近似公式, 分析了不同条件下近似公式的精度.根据实际研究工区裂缝储层的特征, 选用高裂缝倾角近似公式, 通过奇异值分解从方位弹性阻抗中估算裂缝密度和裂缝方位, 进而分离和消除各向异性项, 建立流体等效体积模量及孔隙度贝叶斯反演预测方法.模型试算表明, 在信噪比大于2时, 流体等效体积模量、孔隙度和裂缝参数的估计较为可靠, 实际应用也验证了反演方法的有效性.

     

Time-lapse traveltime change of singly scattered acoustic waves

We present a technique based on the single-scattering approximation that relates time-lapse localized changes in the propagation velocity to changes in the traveltime of singly scattered waves. We describe wave propagation in a random medium with homogeneous statistical properties as a single-scattering process where the fluctuations of the velocity with respect to the background velocity are assumed to be weak. This corresponds to one of two end-member regimes of wave propagation in a random medium, the first being single scattering, and the second multiple scattering. We present a formulation that relates the change in the traveltime of the scattered waves to a localized change in the propagation velocity by means of the Born approximation for the scattered wavefield. We validate the methodology with synthetic seismograms calculated with finite differences for 2-D acoustic waves. Potential applications of this technique include non-destructive evaluation of heterogeneous materials and time-lapse monitoring of heterogeneous reservoirs.     

GPSα�ද̬��λ���ƶ����ڱƽ�ģ��

????GPSα?????λ???????????????????????????仯????????????????????????α????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ξ?????е??????????????е???????????С?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????仯???????????????仯??????????????????????????????????????????????????α?????λ?б??????????????????     

水平形变场的函数描述及其实现方法

本文利用近代数值逼近理论,给出了描述水平形变场的函数形式及其实现方法。这一方法可削弱通常数据处理中的模型误差。最后给出了算例,验证了本方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于GIS的任意发生元Voronoi图逼近方法

许多地理问题的空间分析中需要采用Voronoi图,但是目前我们尚缺乏一些简单的易于实现的构建任意发生元Voronoi图的方法,也缺乏一个能直接生成任意发生元Voronoi图的软件,为此我们提出了一种基于GIS的构建任意发生元的未加权Voronoi图的逼近方法。首先用有限点来逼近原始发生元,然后构建这些点发生元Voronoi图,最后消除那些属于同一发生元的顶点和边,即得到原始发生元的逼近的Voronoi图。在该算法的具体实现过程中,充分利用了现有GIS软件可以生成点发生元Voronoi图的特性和处理空间数据的能力。试验结果表明,这种方法可以生成未加权的任意形状发生元的逼近Voronoi图,能满足地理问题空间分析的需要。如地理客体可以是点状地理客体(城市、县城、交通枢纽、商业中心和金融中心等)、线状地理客体(交通运输线、经济地带和河系等)、面状地理客体(经济区、公园和绿地等)或者它们的组合,它们的空间影响范围或空间服务范围都可以采用Voronoi图来界定。