Chebyshev低通滤波器在位场数据波数域导数换算中的应用

导数换算作为常用的位场数据处理手段具有重要的物理意义。由于实际测量误差和噪声的影响,波数域导数换算存在计算过程不稳定、求导结果精度差的问题。为了降低噪声干扰,提高导数计算精度,提出了在波数域常规导数算子基础上附加Chebyshev低通滤波器的任意阶导数换算方法。通过分析该滤波器的滤波特性,并结合位场异常径向平均功率谱曲线特征,确定了Chebyshev低通滤波法的滤波参数,减少了人为因素对求导结果的干扰。二度体和三度体模型试验表明,与其他3种方法(常规FFT(fast Fourier transformation)法、向上延拓法和ISVD(integrated second vertical derivative)法)相比,该方法计算的导数与理论值的均方根误差最小,求导结果精度较高。在虎林盆地布格重力异常数据处理中,利用该方法计算的垂向二阶导数受噪声干扰小,结果可靠性较高,依此划分出的8条大断裂和11条小断裂在以往研究中均得到证实。     

可调双折射滤光器中晶轴方向的确定

本文探讨了可调双折射滤光器中确定晶体等元件晶轴排列方向的几个普遍规律。利用这些规律,几乎不用任何数学推导,就可简单、准确地确定双折射晶体、波片及调节波长用旋转波片方向之间的关系。     

Runoff generation from logged and burnt convergent hillslopes: rainfall simulation and modelling

This paper reports results from field experiments and hydrological modelling on the dynamics of runoff generation in highly convergent parts of the landscape in a logged and burnt eucalypt forest in south‐eastern Victoria, Australia. Large‐scale rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to explore runoff generating mechanisms from harvested areas, and to assess the effectiveness of standard water quality protective measures, here a disturbed filter strip, in preventing accession of sediment to near‐stream areas. We then examined the likely effects of varying antecedent moisture conditions on surface and subsurface runoff generating mechanisms. Very small volumes of surface runoff were generated only at very high rainfall intensity rates that exceeded a 100 year recurrence interval event during the simulated experiments. There was little or no identifiable impact of either compaction from logging operations or fire‐induced hydrophobicity on surface infiltration or generation of surface runoff. Measured soil hydraulic properties and soil depths explained the paucity of surface runoff, and the dominance of subsurface storm flow as the prime runoff generating mechanism. Deep lateral subsurface flow was observed from the cut‐face of a fire access track and into a streamhead downslope of the experimental plots. Water balance modelling using Topog_Dynamic indicated the conditions under which saturated overland flow in this environment could be generated are rare, but that care should be taken in siting of roads and tracks in lower parts of convergent landscapes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ROV based underwater blurred image restoration

1　Introduction　TheROV (RemoteOperatedVehicle)isakindofsystemthatcanbeusedforunderwatermeasurementanddetection (Caimi,1996 ;KevernandLeGall,1991) .Inthispaper ,theirradianceofthelightre flectedbythetargetthroughwaterbodiesindifferentconditionsissimulatedbyacomputer .Underdiffer entwaterconditions,therelationbetweentheirradi anceandthedistanceispresented .Thenthemaxi mumdetectiondistanceofthedetectorcanbeob tained .WealsorestoretheunderwaterblurryimagesusingtheWienerfilterbasedonthesimula…     

甘肃省贵金属矿和铂族元素地球化学勘查的发展及新案例

由于Ａｕ、Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ等元素分析测试技术的突破，使中国的贵金属地球化学勘查得到迅速发展。甘肃省自８０年代以来，金矿地球化学勘查取得了丰硕的成果。９０年代初，在研究改进Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ａｕ化学－光谱法快速联测分析方法的基础上，在祁连山地区开展了针对金和铂族元素的区域地球化学勘查。工作结果，Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ａｕ的报出率都达到了１００％，从而可靠地圈定了Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ａｕ的地球化学异常。这一案例证明，地球化学勘查在寻找金和铂族元素矿产方面都是有效的     

金属矿床中的有机物质：特征,分类方案与研究方法

金属矿床中的有机质具有重要的成因指示意义。从有机质赋存地层时代、岩性，有机质类型、丰度、来源和成熟度等方面总结了金属矿床中有机质的基本特征；提出了以干酪根、沥青和固体碳为端员组分的有机质三级分类方案；对目前所广泛采用的分子有机地球化学、有机岩石学、物理学和化学、稳定同位素、热力学平衡计算，以及有机质参与下的模拟实验等六种方法进行了评述     

在地震与爆炸以及冲击载荷作用下分层弹性地基场地土的竖向动力反应分析

对场地上按分层弹性地基土建立了合理的力学模型，通过动力分析，给出了分层弹性地基场地土竖向自振特性及在竖向地震与爆炸以及冲击载荷作用下强迫反应的解析解，文中的解析公式为分层弹性地基场地土的竖向动力反应分析提供了一种新的解析方法．     

卡尔曼滤波方法预报因子的选择

利用ECMWF格点资料，设计了5种不同的预报因子选择方案，运用卡尔曼滤波方法制作1999年11月－2000年2月逐日14时温度预报，通过考察准确率，均方差，平均绝对误差，确定了最优因子选择方案。     

Validation of a vegetated filter strip model (VFSMOD)

Vegetated filter strips (VFS) are designed to reduce sediment load and other pollutants into water bodies. However, adaptation of VFS in the field has been limited owing to lack of data about their efficiency and performance under natural field conditions. A number of models are available that simulate sediment transport and trapping in VFS, but there is a general lack of confidence in VFS models owing to limited validation studies and model limitations that prevent correct application of these models under field conditions. The objective of this study is to test and validate a process‐based model (VFSMOD) that simulates sediment trapping in VFS. This model links three submodels: modified Green–Ampt's infiltration, Quadratic overland flow submodel based on kinematic wave approximation and University of Kentucky sediment filtration model. A total of 20 VFS, 2, 5, 10 and 15 m long and with various vegetation covers, were tested under simulated sediment and runoff conditions. The results of these field experiments were used to validate the VFS model. The model requires 25 input parameters distributed over five input files. All input parameters were either measured or calculated using experimental data. The observed sediment trapping efficiencies varied from 65% in the 2‐m long VFS to 92% in the 10‐m long filters. No increase in sediment removal efficiency was observed at higher VFS length. Application of the VFS model to experimental data was satisfactory under the condition that actual flow widths are used in the model instead of the total filter width. Predicted and observed sediment trapping efficiencies and infiltration volume fitted very well, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0·9 and 0·95, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the slope and intercept of the regression lines between predicted versus observed infiltration volume and trapping efficiency were not significantly different than the line of perfect agreement with a slope of 1·0 and intercept of 0·0. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钾、钙同位素体系定年和示踪的研究进展

阐述了 K- Ca同位素体系的分离和测定方法 ,以及对海洋火成岩、大陆和月球花岗岩、碳酸盐岩、化学和碎屑沉积矿物的定年和 εCa示踪的研究结果。对比常用的微量元素构成的定年和示踪体系 ,如 Rb- Sr、Sm- Nd、U- Pb,由主量元素 K和 Ca组成的同位素体系 ,有其特殊的地球化学行为 ,以至在岩石成因、物质来源、板块碰撞、壳幔作用、岩体折返等重要的化学地球动力学过程研究中 ,赋以新的信息和启示。随着测试技术的不断提高 ,K- Ca同位素体系可在探索相关的地质和环境科学的课题中 ,发挥积极的推动作用。