The CMEKF Method for Sub-Sea Pipeline Monitoring and Leak Detection

1 .IntroductionIdentificationofaleakingflowlinerepresentsaspecialchallengetoboththeoilandgasindustryandregulators .While ,historically ,thenumberofcasesofshallowwaterreleasefromflowlinesisex tremelysmall,deepwaterflowlinesoperateunderconditionsrarelyencounteredinpreviousdevelopmentschemes .Theremotenessofthedeepwaterpipeline ,coupledwithanumberofcomplexinteractionsbe tweenthereleasedfluidsandthedeepwaterenvironment,effectivelyeliminatesmostexternaldetectionmethods (Scott,1 999) .Thecauseoflea…     

海上地震系统低频响应与电缆噪音

海上勘探地震采集的数据中低频率成分常常受到外部环境噪音的严重干扰。如何有效地剔除噪音 ,拾取更多的地震数据中低频成分。本文从分析地震仪器低频响应入手 ,得出了地震系统与电缆噪音的一些内在联系 ,就如何有效地压制外围环境噪音等问题 ,提供了有效的方法 ,为野外作业提供参考     

Dynamic behavior of tension-leg platform with net-cage system subjected to wave forces

In this study a typical tension-leg platform with net cage system is presented, and a set of equations of motion for the platform with a net-cage system of a simplified two-dimensional case are derived. Subsequently a close form solution is obtained when the wave-structure interaction between the top platform structure and the incident wave is considered. The parameter of solidity as a ratio of the twine diameter and the mesh size of the cage is also taken into account in the analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic behavior for the tension-leg platform with a net-cage system and its pre-tensioned tethers when subjected to incident waves and flow drags, and furthermore, to understand the relationship between the structure behavior and the properties of the net-cages. Numerical examples are carried out and the results are discussed focusing on the motion of both the platform and net-cages when subjected to waves of a range of periods. It is found that there is a close relationship between the dynamic behavior of the platform and the net-cage features such as the solidity ratio between the twine diameter and the mesh size of the net-cage while the parameters related to waves are held constant.     

水下模糊图象维纳滤波和卡尔曼滤波恢复算法研究

该文将海水中图象传输特性的研究与用此传输特性进行水下模糊图象恢复结合起来 ,得到一套测量水体传递函数及进行水下图象处理的方法。采用维纳 (Wiener)滤波和卡尔曼 (Kalman)滤波算法 ,对模糊图象进了恢复。结果表明 ,利用计算机采用一定的算法对散射性质已知的水体造成的图象模糊可以进行有效的复原 ,且良好效果。     

一种修正的SeaWinds散射计圆中数滤波法

利用最大似然法(MLE)对SeaWinds散射计数据反演得出的风矢量一般存在2—4个模糊解,而且第1模糊解构成的风场在轨道外侧区域容易出现块状模糊,所以不能像SASS和NSCAT等散射计那样,以第1模糊解初始化风场后用圆中数滤波法进行模糊去除。文章根据SeaWinds散射计第1模糊解的空间分布特性,对传统圆中数滤波法进行了修正,使之适合SeaWinds散射计的模糊去除,即在缺乏参考数据进行初始化的前提下,能够有效去除块状模糊问题。     

华北地区三维地壳上地幔结构

本文用均等显示滤波频时分析方法分析了长周期瑞利面波资料,获得了路经中国大陆及邻区的238条混合路径的面波群速度频散,其周期范围为10.5-113s.用改进的分格反演方法从混合路径频散中提取出位于华北地区的12个4°×4°网格单元的纯路径频散并反演其地壳上地幔结构.所得结果表明,华北地区地壳上地幔结构横向变化显著;从东向西地壳逐渐变厚;位于华北东部的分格在地壳中20km深处普遍存在低速层,整个华北地区上地幔低速层埋藏较浅,一般为55-100km之间.各个网格上地幔低速层的速度不尽相同.     

Data assimilation methods for estimating a heterogeneous conductivity field by assimilating transient solute transport data via ensemble Kalman filter

An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is developed to identify a hydraulic conductivity distribution in a heterogeneous medium by assimilating solute concentration measurements of solute transport in the field with a steady‐state flow. A synthetic case with the mixed Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions is designed to investigate the capacity of the data assimilation methods to identify a conductivity distribution. The developed method is demonstrated in 2‐D transient solute transport with two different initial instant solute injection areas. The influences of the observation error and model error on the updated results are considered in this study. The study results indicate that the EnKF method will significantly improve the estimation of the hydraulic conductivity field by assimilating solute concentration measurements. The larger area of the initial distribution and the more observed data obtained, the better the calculation results. When the standard deviation of the observation error varies from 1% to 30% of the solute concentration measurements, the simulated results by the data assimilation method do not change much, which indicates that assimilation results are not very sensitive to the standard deviation of the observation error in this study. When the inflation factor is more than 1.0 to enlarge the model error by increasing the forecast error covariance matrix, the updated results of the hydraulic conductivity by the data assimilation method are not good at all. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用MATLAB设计高效多级抽取滤波器

介绍如何应用Matlab设计级联梳状(CIC)滤波器、半带滤波器和有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。并设计了一种高效的多级抽取滤波器，将该算法用数字信号处理器(DSP)进行验证，结果表明，该多级抽取滤波器能满足地震数据采集系统的精度要求。     

全吸力范围生物炭−黏土混合土的土−水特性

土−水特征曲线在研究非饱和土的水力与力学特性中发挥着重要的作用。生物炭具有多孔结构、高比表面积和强吸附的特性。将生物炭改性土应用于垃圾填埋场上覆盖层,因受自然环境因素的影响会使其水力特性发生改变。为了研究全吸力范围内生物炭掺量对生物炭−黏土混合土保水特性的影响,利用蒸汽平衡法（吸力范围 3～368 MPa）、滤纸法（吸力范围 0 ～40 MPa）和压力板法（吸力范围 0～1.5 MPa）控制土样的吸力,测定吸力平衡后土样的含水率和饱和度,得到全吸力范围内生物炭−黏土混合土的土−水特征曲线。试验结果表明：（1）3种吸力测试方法很好地表达了生物炭−黏土混合土全吸力范围内的土−水特征曲线。（2）生物炭能够影响黏土的保水性,但在一定的吸力范围内,生物炭−黏土混合土的保水性还与孔隙结构和孔隙中水的形态相关。（3）通过压力板法测得,试样的进气值随着生物炭掺量的增加而减小。当吸力值小于进气值时,曲线出现水平段,土样始终处于饱和状态,生物炭掺量越大,试样的保水性越好。（4）由生物炭−黏土混合土微观孔隙结构以及生物炭在黏土中的分布形态来解释生物炭改性黏土的保水能力随生物炭掺量的变化关系。     

集合均方根滤波同化地面自动站资料的技术研究

模式地形与观测站地形高度差异一直是地面资料同化面临的棘手问题,合理的同化方案能够将地面自动站资料有效的同化到中尺度数值模式中。本文首先采用Guo et al.(2002)的方案实现了在WRF模式中应用集合Kalman滤波方法同化地面自动站资料;然后对方案进行调整,对10 m高度风场、2 m高度位温、2 m高度露点和地表气压进行同化。通过均方根误差分析,模拟结果和同化增量分析来确定集合平方根滤波(EnSRF)同化地面自动站资料的有效性,并进行敏感性试验分析检验模式对各要素物理量的响应状况。结果表明:在EnSRF同化系统中应用Guo et al.(2002)的方案将地面自动站资料进行同化到数值模式中,能够部分改善模拟结果;地面观测资料(温度、湿度、风场、地表气压)中各物理量分别同化到数值模式都能影响18小时降水预报,但各物理量所起作用大小不同,其中对结果影响最大的是露点;使用位温、露点分别代替温度、比湿进行同化模拟效果更好,对自动站资料的同化也更加有效。