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21.
P. J. G. Teunissen 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(5-6):267-275
The purpose of carrier phase ambiguity resolution is to improve upon the quality of the estimated global navigation satellite
system baseline by means of the integer ambiguity constraints. However, in order to evaluate the quality of the ambiguity
resolved baseline rigorously, its probability distribution is required. This baseline distribution depends on the random characteristics
of the estimated integer ambiguities, which in turn depend on the chosen integer estimator. In this contribution is presented
an exact and closed-form expression for the baseline distribution in the case that use is made of integer bootstrapping. Also
presented are the bootstrapped probability mass function and easy-to-compute measures for the bootstrapped baseline's probability
of concentration.
Received: 28 September 2000 / Accepted: 11 January 2001 相似文献
22.
The network-based GPS technique provides a broad spectrum of corrections to support RTK (real-time kinematic) surveying and
geodetic applications. The most important among them are the ionospheric corrections generated in the reference network. The
accuracy of these corrections depends upon the ionospheric conditions and may not always be sufficient to support ambiguity
resolution (AR), and hence accurate GPS positioning. This paper presents the analyses of the network-derived ionospheric correction
accuracy under extremely varying – quiet and stormy – geomagnetic and ionospheric conditions. In addition, the influence of
the correction accuracy on the instantaneous (single-epoch) and on-the-fly (OTF) AR in long-range RTK GPS positioning is investigated,
and the results, based on post-processed GPS data, are provided. The network used here to generate the ionospheric corrections
consists of three permanent stations selected from the Ohio Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) network. The
average separation between the reference stations was ∼200 km and the test baseline was 121 km long. The results show that,
during the severe ionospheric storm, the correction accuracy deteriorates to the point when the instantaneous AR is no longer
possible, and the OTF AR requires much more time to fix the integers. The analyses presented here also outline the importance
of the correct selection of the stochastic constraints in the rover solution applied to the network-derived ionospheric corrections. 相似文献
23.
The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment: its performance on short GPS baselines and short observation spans 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment is a method for fast GPS double-difference (DD) integer ambiguity estimation.
The performance of the method will be discussed, and although it is stressed that the method is generally applicable, attention
is restricted to short-baseline applications in the present contribution. With reference to the size and shape of the ambiguity
search space, the volume of the search space will be introduced as a measure for the number of candidate grid points, and
the signature of the spectrum of conditional variances will be used to identify the difficulty one has in computing the integer
DD ambiguities. It is shown that the search for the integer least-squares ambiguities performs poorly when it takes place
in the space of original DD ambiguities. This poor performance is explained by means of the discontinuity in the spectrum
of conditional variances. It is shown that through a decorrelation of the ambiguities, transformed ambiguities are obtained
which generally have a flat and lower spectrum, thereby enabling a fast and efficient search. It is also shown how the high
precision and low correlation of the transformed ambiguities can be used to scale the search space so as to avoid an abundance
of unnecessary candidate grid points. Numerical results are presented on the spectra of conditional variances and on the statistics
of both the original and transformed ambiguities. Apart from presenting numerical results which can typically be achieved,
the contribution also emphasizes and explains the impact on the method's performance of different measurement scenarios, such
as satellite redundancy, single vs dual-frequency data, the inclusion of code data and the length of the observation time
span.
Received: 31 October 1995 / Accepted: 21 March 1997 相似文献
24.
针对GPS姿态测量对模糊度的解算要求准确快速的特点,首先,从减少运算量入手,通过减少运算量,提高解算速度;其次,并根据姿态测量基线长度已知这一特点,来提高模糊度固定的准确度。基于上述两点提出了一种新的模糊度快速解算方法。 相似文献
25.
Influence of ambiguity precision on the success rate of GNSS integer ambiguity bootstrapping 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. J. G. Teunissen 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(5):351-358
In this contribution, we study the dependence of the bootstrapped success rate on the precision of the GNSS carrier phase
ambiguities. Integer bootstrapping is, because of its ease of computation, a popular method for resolving the integer ambiguities.
The method is however known to be suboptimal, because it only takes part of the information from the ambiguity variance matrix
into account. This raises the question in what way the bootstrapped success rate is sensitive to changes in precision of the
ambiguities. We consider two different cases. (1) The effect of improving the ambiguity precision, and (2) the effect of using
an approximate ambiguity variance matrix. As a by-product, we also prove that integer bootstrapping is optimal within the
restricted class of sequential integer estimators. 相似文献
26.
Pseudorange-based integrity monitoring, for example receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), has been investigated
for many years and is used in various applications such as non-precision approach phase of flight. However, for high-accuracy
applications, carrier phase-based RAIM (CRAIM), an extension of pseudorange-based RAIM (PRAIM) must be used. Existing CRAIM
algorithms are a direct extension of PRAIM in which the carrier phase ambiguities are estimated together with the estimation
of the position solution. The main issues with the existing algorithms are reliability and robustness, which are dominated
by the correctness of the ambiguity resolution, ambiguity validation and error sources such as multipath, cycle slips and
noise correlation. This paper proposes a new carrier phase-based integrity monitoring algorithm for high-accuracy positioning,
using a Kalman filter. The ambiguities are estimated together with other states in the Kalman filter. The double differenced
pseudorange, widelane and carrier phase observations are used as measurements in the Kalman filter. This configuration makes
the positioning solution both robust and reliable. The integrity monitoring is based on a number of test statistics and error
propagation for the determination of the protection levels. The measurement noise and covariance matrices in the Kalman filter
are used to account for the correlation due to differencing of measurements and in the construction of the test statistics.
The coefficient used to project the test statistic to the position domain is derived and the synthesis of correlated noise
errors is used to determine the protection level. Results from four cases based on limited real data injected with simulated
cycle slips show that residual cycle slips have a negative impact on positioning accuracy and that the integrity monitoring
algorithm proposed can be effective in detecting and isolating such occurrences if their effects violate the integrity requirements.
The CRAIM algorithm proposed is suitable for use within Kalman filter-based integrated navigation systems.
相似文献
Shaojun FengEmail: |
27.
28.
An approach to GLONASS ambiguity resolution 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
J. Wang 《Journal of Geodesy》2000,74(5):421-430
When processing global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) carrier phases, the standard double-differencing (DD) procedure
cannot cancel receiver clock terms in the DD phase measurement equations due to the multiple frequencies of the carrier phases.
Consequently, a receiver clock parameter has to be set up in the measurement equations in addition to baseline components
and DD ambiguities. The resulting normal matrix unfortunately becomes singular. Methods to deal with this problem have been
proposed in the literature. However, these methods rely on the use of pseudo-ranges. As pseudo-ranges are contaminated by
multi-path and hardware delays, biases in these pseudo-ranges are significant, which may result in unreliable ambiguity resolution.
A new approach is addressed that is not sensitive to the biases in the pseudo-ranges. The proposed approach includes such
steps as converting the carrier phases to their distances to cancel the receiver clock errors, and searching for the most
likely single-differenced (SD) ambiguity. Based on the results from the theoretical investigation, a practical procedure for
GLONASS ambiguity resolution is presented. The initial experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is useable
in cases of GLONASS and combined global positioning system (GPS) and GLONASS positioning.
Received: 19 August 1998 / Accepted: 12 November 1999 相似文献
29.
30.
A performance comparison of single and dual frequency GPS ambiguity resolution strategies 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
J.?Liu M.?E.?CannonEmail author P.?Alves M.?G.?Petovello G.?Lachapelle G.?MacGougan L.?deGroot 《GPS Solutions》2003,7(2):87-100
The impact of observation selection, observation combination and model parameterization on GPS carrier phase ambiguity resolution and position accuracy under operational conditions is investigated. The impact of an ionospheric bias for a generic linear combination of L1 and L2 measurements is assessed and the results are used to clearly outline the desirable characteristics for improving ambiguity resolution versus positioning accuracy performance. Ambiguity resolution performance and position accuracy are shown for widelane (WL), L1-only, and ionospheric-free (IF) combinations. Several techniques for dealing with the ionospheric bias are also presented and compared, including stochastic ionospheric modelling. Multiple carrier phase combination solutions estimated in the same filter are also compared. The concept of an optimal processing strategy—in terms of both reliable ambiguity resolution and high accuracy positions—is presented. In total, eight strategies, which vary in observables and parameters, are tested on several datasets ranging from 13 km to 43 km. 相似文献