Distinguishing between seafloor alteration and fluid flow during subduction using stable isotope geochemistry: examples from Tethyan ophiolites in the Western Alps

Large amounts of fluid, bound up in the hydrated upper layers of the ocean crust, are consumed at convergent margins and released in subduction zones through devolatilization. The liberated fluids may play an integral role in subduction zone processes, including the generation of arc-magmas. However, exhumed subduction zone rocks often record little evidence of large-scale fluid flow, especially at deeper levels within the subduction zone. Basaltic pillows from the high-pressure Corsican and Zermatt-Saas ophiolites show a range of δ¹⁸O values that overall reflect seafloor alteration prior to subduction. However, comparison between the δ¹⁸O values of the cores and rims of the pillows suggests that the δ¹⁸O values of the pillow rims at least have been modified during subduction and high-pressure metamorphism. Pillows that have not undergone high-pressure metamorphism generally have rims with higher δ¹⁸O values than their cores, whereas the converse is the case in pillows that have undergone high-pressure metamorphism. This reversal in the core to rim oxygen isotope relationship between unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed pillows is strong evidence for fluid–rock interaction occurring during subduction and high-pressure metamorphism. However, the preservation of different δ¹⁸O values in the cores and rims of individual pillows and within and between different pillows suggests that fluid flow within the subduction zone was strongly channelled. Resetting of the δ¹⁸O values in the pillow rims was probably due to fluid-hosted diffusion that occurred over relatively short time-scales (<1 Myr).     

鲁苏碱性岩套特征及其形成的构造背景

鲁苏碱性岩套是指分布于胶莱盆地内的富钾火山岩系和鲁苏混杂岩带中的富钠侵入岩系 ,它们形成于中生代晚期至新生代早期大陆碰撞造山作用之后的伸展构造背景 ,是拉张作用下上地幔部分熔融与陆壳隆升作用的产物     

利用裂变径迹方法研究碱交代作用中铀赋存状态的变化

本文介绍了采用裂变径迹方法研究碱交代作用中铀在岩石主要矿物中的赋存状态的变化,结果表明,经碱交代作用,岩石中主要造岩矿物的铀含量明显降代;含铀副矿物大部分消失,铀被带出;裂变径迹方法可以直观、定量地用于成矿元素在矿物中迁移的研究。     

六合—仪征第三纪碱性玄武岩的钕—锶同位素组成

本文报道了六合－仪征碱性玄武岩分布区１１个样品的同位素组成,１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ为０．５１２８４９～０．５１２９９３,８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ为０．７０３３６～０．７０４０４,类似于大洋玄武岩同位素体系中的ＰＲＥＭＡ地幔端元．玄武岩源区同位素和微量元素的解耦特征表明地幔源区演化的多阶段性。     

帕米尔构造结塔什库尔干碱性杂岩同位素年代学研究

利用高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测定了帕米尔构造结中东部塔什库尔干碱性杂岩的年龄,岩体不同岩石类型的年龄均为11Ma,与野外证据吻合.通过与该杂岩体钾长石40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄(23Ma、13Ma)对比研究40Ar/39Ar定年结果明显偏老,认为是由于钾长石中含有过剩氩所致,并分析了过剩氩存在的可能原因.因此塔什库尔干碱性杂岩的活动时代可以确定为11Ma,而且钾长石不宜作为该杂岩体测年的理想对象.结合岩体的成因及构造意义,认为在11Ma前,帕米尔构造结地区已具有加厚下地壳的特征.     

山东郗山碱性杂岩体地质特征及与稀土矿的关系

对郗山碱性杂岩体的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素特征及与稀土矿的关系进行了分析研究 ,认为该碱性杂岩属板内花岗岩类 ,形成温度大约在 630℃ ,压力为 2× 1 0 8Pa,侵位深度约 6.6km ,为稀土矿的成矿母岩。     

Stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of a 2.9-km composite lava section in Eyjafjördur,Northern Iceland: a reconnaissance study

Eight mountainside profiles in lava flows south of the fjord Eyjafjördur, Northern Iceland, were sampled for paleomagnetic studies. The sampling was concurrent with pilot stratigraphic mapping of the lava sequences in these and several supplementary profiles. The eight profiles are correlated with minor overlaps so that they form a composite section of 2.9 km thickness, estimated to cover the age range between about 9 and 5 million years ago (Hardarson et al. 1999). Paleomagnetic measurements made on 319 lavas generally yield primary remanence directions of high stability and within-unit consistency. Evidence for at least 17 reversals of the geomagnetic field is seen, as well as numerous field excursions. Frequent clustering of directions in successive lavas indicates that the volcanism was episodic.     

Peralkaline silicate lavas at Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania

A detailed study of Oldoinyo Lengai has led to the recognition of two major cone-building stages. An early, predominantly phonolitic stage, Lengai I, forms the southern cone. The recent nephelinitic Lengai II developed following a major sector collapse event over Lengai I. Petrography of Lengai II lavas show that nephelinite is combeite- and wollastonite-bearing. All Oldoinyo Lengai lavas are peralkaline and highly evolved in terms of low Mg#, Ni and Cr values. Within the unique Lengai II combeite–wollastonite–nephelinite (CWN) peralkalinity increases with time to extreme values (Na + K)/Al = 2.36. Mineralogical expression of peralkalinity is the presence of combeite and Na-rich clinopyroxene. In addition, exceptionally high Fe₂O₃ (up to 10.28 wt.%) in nepheline is an indicator for alumina deficiency. Combeite also shows high Fe³⁺. Phonolite and CWN of Lengai I and Lengai II show similarly enriched LILE and LREE values and generally parallel patterns in PM normalized and REE plots.     

Sulfur isotopic zonation in the Cadia district,southeastern Australia: exploration significance and implications for the genesis of alkalic porphyry gold–copper deposits

The alkalic porphyry gold–copper deposits of the Cadia district occur in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales, Australia. The district comprises four porphyry deposits (Ridgeway, Cadia Quarry, Cadia Hill, and Cadia East) and two iron–copper–gold skarn deposits (Big Cadia and Little Cadia). Almost 1,000 tonnes of contained gold and more than four million tonnes of copper have been discovered in these systems, making Cadia the world’s largest known alkalic porphyry district, in terms of contained gold. Porphyry gold–copper ore at Cadia is associated with quartz monzonite intrusive complexes, and is hosted by central stockwork and sheeted quartz–sulfide–(carbonate) vein systems. The Cadia porphyry deposits are characterized by cores of potassic and/or calc–potassic alteration assemblages, and peripheral halos of propylitic alteration, with late-stage phyllic alteration mostly restricted to fault zones. Hematite dusting is an important component of the propylitic alteration assemblage, and has produced a distinctive reddening of feldspar minerals in the volcanic wall rocks around the mineralized centers. Sulfide mineralization is strongly zoned at Ridgeway and Cadia East, with bornite-rich cores surrounded by chalcopyrite-rich halos and peripheral zones of pyrite mineralization. The Cadia Hill and Cadia Quarry deposits have chalcopyrite-rich cores and pyrite-rich halos, and Cadia Hill contains a high-level bornite-rich zone. Distinctive sulfur isotopic zonation patterns have been identified at Ridgeway, Cadia Hill, and Cadia East. The deposit cores are characterized by low δ³⁴S_sulfide values (−10 to −4‰), consistent with sulfide precipitation from an oxidized (sulfate-predominant) magmatic fluid at 450 to 400°C. Pyrite grains that occur in the propylitic alteration halos typically have δ³⁴S_sulfide values near 0‰. There is a gradual increase in δ³⁴S_sulfide values outwards from the deposit cores through the propylitic halos. Water–rock interaction during propylitic alteration caused magmatic sulfate reduction and concomitant oxidation of ferrous iron-bearing minerals, resulting in enrichment of ³⁴S in pyrite and also producing the distinctive reddened, hematite-rich alteration halos to the Cadia deposits. These results show that sulfur isotope analyses have potential applications in the exploration of alkalic porphyry-style deposits, with zones of depleted δ³⁴S_sulfide values most prospective for high-grade mineralization.     

滇西莴中晚始新世高镁富钾火山岩中单斜辉石斑晶环带结构的成因：岩浆补给-混合过程

滇西莴中晚始新世高镁富钾火山岩中单斜辉石斑晶普遍出现正环带结构、反环带结构或韵律环带结构，少量为具绿色核部的单斜辉石(“绿核辉石”)。反环带斑晶和“绿核辉石”的幔部与正环带斑晶的核部具有相似并且相对较窄的成分范围，相对高Mg#（0.83 ~ 0.90）,低TiO2（0.13 % ~ 0.29 %）,Al2O3（0.73 % ~ 1.68 %）和Na2O （0.22 % ~ 0.42 %），为钾质岩浆平衡结晶的产物。反环带斑晶的核部相对低Mg#（0.77 ~ 0.84），但与反环带斑晶的幔部、正环带斑晶的核部均具有相似的Ti/Al比值（0.06 ~ 0.16）；韵律环带结构斑晶的成分变化均在正、反环带斑晶的成分范围之内。莴中高镁富钾火山岩中的这些环带结构单斜辉石斑晶应来源于相似的岩浆体系，反 环带结构表明在岩浆房存在较原始岩浆对较演化岩浆再补给的岩浆混合过程，而韵律环带结构特征揭示曾多次发生这种岩浆混合过程。“绿核辉石”的核部明显低Mg# （0.50 ~ 0.74）,相对富Al2O3（1.66 % ~ 3.63 %）和Na2O（0.87 % ~ 2.17 %），具有明显较低的Ti/Al比值（< 0.05）和较高的AlVI/AlIV比值（0.38 ~ 0.76），为下地壳捕虏晶 来源，证实了在滇西晚始新世富钾岩浆演化过程中存在少量地壳混染作用。