Simulation of Kelvin wakes in optical images of rough sea surface

Kelvin wake is one of the common wakes generated by moving ships and contains rich information about ships. In this paper, free wave elevations of Kelvin wake are calculated based on the Michell thin ship theory combined with a point source perturbation model. The probability density function of sea surface slopes is introduced to calculate the specular reflection of sunlight and skylight and the refraction of scattered light underwater. Satellite-detected Kelvin wakes are then simulated by adding surface specular reflectance and water-leaving reflectance. Simulation results agree well with satellite measurements. The specular reflection of sunlight is the decisive factor affecting the features of Kelvin wakes according to the simulation results. The main factors that influence the specular reflection of sunlight, such as the incident direction and observation direction, ship parameters, and background environment, are discussed. This study is helpful for wake detection and provides a preliminary theoretical method for the retrieval of ship information.     

Aircraft Observations of the Development of Thermal Internal Boundary Layers and Scaling of the Convective Boundary Layer Over Non-Homogeneous Land Surfaces

This study investigates the convective boundary layer (CBL) that develops over anon-homogeneous surface under different thermal and dynamic conditions. Analysesare based on data obtained from a Russian research aircraft equipped with turbulentsensors during the GAME-Siberia experiment over Yakutsk in Siberia, from April to June 2000.Mesoscale thermal internal boundary layers (MTIBLs) that radically modified CBLdevelopment were observed under unstable atmospheric conditions. It was found thatMTIBLs strongly influenced the vertical and horizontal structures of virtual potentialtemperature, specific humidity and, most notably, the vertical sensible and latent heatfluxes. MTIBLs in the vicinity of the Lena River lowlands were confirmed by clouddistributions in satellite pictures.MTIBLs spread through the entire CBL and radically modify its structure if the CBL isunstable, and strong thermal features on the underlying surface have horizontal scalesexceeding 10 km. MTIBL detection is facilitated through the use of special parameterslinking shear stress and convective motion.The turbulent structure of the CBL with and without MTIBLs was scaled usingthe mosaic or flux aggregate approach. A non-dimensional parameterL_Rau/L_hetero (where L_Rau is Raupach's length and L_hetero is the horizontal scale of the surface heterogeneity)estimates the application limit of similarity and local similarity scaling models forthe mosaic parts over the surface. Normalized vertical profiles of wind speed, airtemperature, turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes for the mosaic parts withL_RauL_hetero < 1 could be estimated by typical scalingcurves for the homogeneous CBL. Traditional similarity scaling models for the CBLcould not be applied for the mosaic parts with L_Rau/L_hetero > 1.For some horizontally non-homogeneous CBLs, horizontal sensible heat fluxes werecomparable with the vertical fluxes. The largest horizontal sensible heat fluxes occurred at the top of the surface layer and below the top of the CBL.Formerly affiliated to the Frontier Observational Research System for Global ChangeFormerly affiliated to the Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change     

多跨海底管道横流向涡激振动预报模型

基于欧拉-伯努力梁理论确定了多跨管道结构振动方程,采用非线性Van der pol方程描述旋涡脱落的尾流动力特性,利用弹簧模拟两端和中间的复杂边界约束,构建了多跨海底管道横流向涡激振动预报模型。基于模态正交性展开流-固耦合作用方程,对各阶主坐标响应进行数值求解。对比了本模型预报结果与试验结果、软件分析以及DNV规范推荐值,吻合情况比较理想。本模型可为深海多跨管道涡激振动的研究、防范和治理提供有效的分析方法。     

山西一次降雪云物理特征的飞机观测研究

液态水含量（Liquid Water Content,LWC）是重要的云参数,对了解云微物理过程以及在人工影响天气效果检验等方面有重要的指导意义。针对已有研究的反射率因子（Z）与LWC经验公式适用范围有限的问题,利用2018—2020年飞机观测资料,在验证中国首部机载云雷达（Ka-band Precipitation Radar,KPR）探测能力和数据可靠性的基础上,采用分档平均方案,建立了适用于降水性积层混合云的Z-LWC经验公式（ Z) and LWC proposed in previous studies is limited. In this study, the reliability of the airborne Ka-band millimeter wavelength cloud radar (Ka-band Precipitation Radar, KPR) and cloud particle detection instruments are validated first. Cloud data collected by the radar and the particle instrument onboard airplane during 2018—2020 are then processed and smoothed within different cloud diameter ranges and radar reflectivity ranges to build a new Z-LWC relationship suitable for precipitating stratiform-convective cloud. The new relationship is 层状云中冰粒子、融化层及以下粒子微物理特性演变规律的科学认识对于中国云降水参数化、降水预报及人工影响天气研究具有重要意义。利用2019年8月24日河北省一次层状云飞机观测资料,分析云中负温层、融化层及以下粒子群微物理特性的演变。研究表明,云中负温层冰相粒子以聚合体为主,部分区域存在霰粒子。云中冰相粒子通过凇附、碰连和贝吉龙过程增长。相对来说,上升气流较强及相对湿度较高云区的冰相粒子数浓度较高、粒子谱较宽。融化层中,中等大小粒子数浓度存在增大趋势,说明融化层中不同粒径冰相粒子的融化速率存在差异。研究发现,高相对湿度区（RH≥95%）粒子融化速率较低相对湿度区（RH＜95%）快,低相对湿度区中表面融化的粒子蒸发吸收潜热,使环境温度降低,减缓粒子融化速率。融化层高相对湿度区降水粒子谱分布的截距大于低相对湿度区,斜率与低相对湿度区接近。融化层降水粒子负指数谱分布的截距与斜率均大于负温层,0℃层高度以下HVPS探测到的粒子谱分布参数相似文献   

非均匀流中立管涡激振动模型预测分析

文中分析了非均匀流中,张紧式海洋立管的涡激振动,采用新的加速度耦合尾流振子模型作为预测细长海洋工程柔性结构的计算工具,将预测结果中的横向位移包络线及最大幅值与实验观测值、shear7软件计算值进行了对比,可以发现模型的计算结果与实验观测结果吻合得很好.     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Wake Field of Ships Under off-Design Conditions

Different operating conditions (e.g. design and off-design) may lead to a significant difference in the hydrodynamics performance of a ship, especially in the total resistance and wake field of ships. This work investigated the hydrodynamic performance of the well-known KRISO 3600 TEU Container Ship (KCS) under three different operating conditions by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The comparison results show that the use of PIV to measure a ship’s nominal wake field is an important method which has the advantages of being contactless and highly accurate. Acceptable agreements between the results obtained by the two different methods are achieved. Results indicate that the total resistances of the KCS model under two off-design conditions are 23.88% and 13.92% larger than that under the designed condition, respectively.     

基于Radon变换的星载SAR图像窄V尾迹检测

在Radon变换的基础上,提出了一种在Radon变换域附加检测规则对星载SAR图像中窄V尾迹进行检测的方法。附加的规则由去除短线规则和去除孤立点规则组成,将该方法应用于星载SAR图像中不同表现形式下的窄V尾迹,实验表明,该方法具有一定的普遍适用性。     

全面推进“三世工程”，创建桂林国际旅游名城新局面

桂林“三世”工程指申报世界文化与自然遗产、申报世界岩溶地质公园、创建桂林世界喀斯特博览园三项工程。桂林“三世”工程申报有着优良厚实的基础,它将给创建桂林国际旅游名城带来新的契机,成为有效保护桂林岩溶山水景观资源和打造“桂林特色旅游航母”、做大做强广西旅游的龙头;同时也是全面建设小康社会的需要。“三世”工程具有开创性、全局性、前瞻性的重要战略意义和现实意义。