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总体最小二乘用于线阵卫星遥感影像光束法平差解算

顾及像点观测方程的系数矩阵中存在随机误差,提出了基于总体最小二乘的线阵卫星遥感影像光束法平差模型。在假定像点观测误差和系数矩阵误差均为独立、等精度分布的基础上,利用拉格朗日条件极值法推导了包含外方位元素虚拟观测方程和控制点误差方程的总体最小二乘光束法平差算法的具体公式和计算方法。该方法利用方差分量估计确定各类虚拟观测值的方差,可求解包含多类虚拟观测量的平差问题,并可用先验信息或岭迹法确定系数矩阵观测值的权比例系数,从而克服了现有总体最小二乘虚拟观测方法不能处理多类虚拟观测值的不足,确保了光束法平差可正确有效求解。分别利用模拟算例与两组真实影像进行了试验验证。结果表明,相比于常规最小二乘虚拟观测法以及现有总体最小二乘虚拟观测方法,本文方法具有更高的求解精度与适应性。相较于传统线阵卫星遥感影像光束法平差方法,本文方法可以获得更高的平差计算精度。     

四元数的核线影像生成方法

针对现有核线影像生成方法计算量大、计算复杂等缺点,该文提出了一种基于四元数的核线影像生成算法,建立了四元数核线影像模型。推导了四元数共面条件方程线性化误差方程式,在此基础上依次利用两个四元数消除基线分量,实现了原始影像到核线影像的坐标变换;相比于传统欧拉角核线排列算法,四元数在实现姿态描述唯一性的同时避免了繁琐的三角函数计算。利用航空影像和无人机影像进行实验,建立的核线影像上下平均视差在0.4个像素以内,核线影像前方交会的平面和高程精度优于1m,结果表明四元数核线影像模型基本上消除了上下视差,能够满足摄影测量立体观测的要求。     

加权组合模型在区域似大地水准面精化中的应用研究

为了探讨GPS/水准点对区域似大地水准面模型的影响程度,本文提出了一种加权组合模型来建立区域似大地水准面精化模型,文中就其计算流程和建模方法进行了系统介绍,并利用C#高级编程语言编写程序对算法加以实现。以某区域似大地水准面精化实例进行试验计算和精度分析,结果表明,利用加权组合模型建立区域似大地水准面精化模型是可行的,能为工程建设提供更好的保障。     

Vibration characteristics of frozen soil under moving track loads

Vibration due to moving traffic loads is an important factor which induces frozen soil damage; this paper analyzed these vibration characteristics of frozen soil foundation under track loads. Firstly, seismic observation array(SOA) technology was applied to monitor the three dimensional dynamic characteristics of frozen soil under movable track load in a permafrost region and seasonal frozen soil area. Secondly, a numerical simulation for the response of frozen soil under movable track load was performed based on finite element analysis(FEA). The results show that dynamic characteristics of frozen soil in perpendicular and parallel direction of the track are obviously different. In the direction perpendicular to the track, the vertical acceleration amplitude had an abrupt increase in the 9–10 m from the track line. In the direction parallel to the track, the acceleration in vertical and horizontal direction had a quick attenuation compared to the other direction. Lastly, various parameters were analyzed for the purpose of controlling the dynamic response of frozen soil and the vibration attenuation in frozen soil layer.     

一种阵列式海洋磁力测量系统

基于多台海洋磁力仪、测深仪和GPS,研制了数据合成器、水下拖体、电源适配器、数据收录兼导航软件,最终构建了一种阵列式海洋磁力测量系统。该阵列式海洋磁力测量系统具备3个磁力仪通道,动态噪声≤0.3n T p-p,采样率为10Hz,水下部分总重量≤95kg,配迫降翼后入水深度可达22m。该阵列式磁力测量系统曾被应用于董家口港区某锚地的未爆炸物探测,最终确定了多个疑似物位置。     

用于ADS40传感器的多视觉立体匹配算法模型

提出了一种新的用于航空三线阵数字影像匹配的算法模型.该模型能同时匹配任意数量(大于2)的影像,并且在匹配过程中间接地运用了核线约束条件.运用这一算法模型,可以融合不同立体像对的信息并得到最终的决策结果.同时,探讨了影像遮挡问题的解决方法,并以ADS40机载三线阵数字传感器所获取的数字影像为例,对所提出的算法模型进行了实验验证.最后提出需进一步研究解决的问题.     

基于背景噪声的自相关与HVSR联合成像在广东惠州城市浅层结构探测中的应用

随着我国城市化进程快速推进,大中小城市呈现地下空间全面开发的态势。然而城市地下空间开发利用存在地下情况不明、结构不清的问题,这在很大程度上影响了地下空间的开发利用和城市战略布局规划。广东惠州是典型的东部中型城市,为了避免老城区建成后地下水土质量不清楚、地下空间资源量不明确、城市地下空间资源开发无科学数据支持等问题,特在研究区开展绿色无损的背景噪声成像研究,以查明惠州地区的第四系及断层的发育情况,为新区成功建成提供数据支持。笔者等以台间距10 m、测线总长度1 km的密集地震台阵为基础,利用两条测线共200台的背景噪声数据,使用噪声自相关与噪声HVSR两种方法分别对研究区两条线性测线分别进行计算,通过数据预处理,单台数据处理,多台数据整合,最后得到了两条测线的自相关剖面和HVSR剖面。研究显示,研究区第四系基岩顶面时间域范围为20~100 ms,深度域范围为5~20 m,浅层P波速度范围为400~500 m/s,这与收集到的钻孔等资料相一致。研究表明基于密集台阵的噪声自相关与HVSR联合成像方法是一种高效、绿色、低成本的方法,可用于调查第四系分界面（强波阻抗分界面）及浅层沉积物中的活动断层。     

中梯装置相位激电电磁耦合研究

相位激电法由于具有设备轻便和探测效率高等特点,被越来越多地应用于矿产资源勘查中。相位激电是频率域激电一种,工作中无论采用何种观测装置,都存在着电磁耦合的影响。这里在对中梯装置相位激电电磁耦合影响因素和电磁耦合频率特征研究的基础上,给出一种去除电磁耦合影响的两频校正方法,该方法可基本消除电磁耦合影响,还原激电异常的真实形态。     

Influence of assimilating transports and in situ data from the Rapid-MOCHA array into the GECCO2 ocean synthesis

By assimilating information required for the estimation of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) by the Rapid-MOCHA array, we investigate how transports should be constrained. For the period 2004–2011, we find that even the large adjustments in Florida Strait transport (FST) imposed by assimilating FST data do not impact the AMOC strength at 26.5° N while the AMOC away from this section changes due to the baroclinic response. Moreover, the high correlation between the FST and AMOC previously reported cannot be confirmed for this longer period. When assimilating FST and AMOC transports in conjunction, simulated transports can both be brought easily into consistency with the Rapid estimates while the representation of the hydrographic data at the mooring locations improves mainly at the eastern boundary. The dynamical constraint through the equations of motion conditions that the errors of the components are correlated and the total AMOC error is a much smaller than the sum of its components. Although Ekman and mid-ocean transports improve when AMOC is assimilated, the excellent AMOC representation relies on error compensation through adjustments of mainly the Ekman component. Assimilating the mooring data together with FST does not improve the representation of the AMOC. Density information is difficult to extract via assimilating temperature and salinity because of the strong density compensation in the subtropical gyre. Alternatively assimilating density from the mooring data directly was of limited success.