Surface and downhole shear wave seismic methods for thick soil site investigations

Shear wave velocity–depth information is required for predicting the ground motion response to earthquakes in areas where significant soil cover exists over firm bedrock. Rather than estimating this critical parameter, it can be reliably measured using a suite of surface (non-invasive) and downhole (invasive) seismic methods. Shear wave velocities from surface measurements can be obtained using SH refraction techniques. Array lengths as large as 1000 m and depth of penetration to 250 m have been achieved in some areas. High resolution shear wave reflection techniques utilizing the common midpoint method can delineate the overburden-bedrock surface as well as reflecting boundaries within the overburden. Reflection data can also be used to obtain direct estimates of fundamental site periods from shear wave reflections without the requirement of measuring average shear wave velocity and total thickness of unconsolidated overburden above the bedrock surface. Accurate measurements of vertical shear wave velocities can be obtained using a seismic cone penetrometer in soft sediments, or with a well-locked geophone array in a borehole. Examples from thick soil sites in Canada demonstrate the type of shear wave velocity information that can be obtained with these geophysical techniques, and show how these data can be used to provide a first look at predicted ground motion response for thick soil sites.     

上海地震台阵的地震定位方法

上海地震台阵数据处理软件系统的地震定位方法,采用台阵的聚束方法得到地震方位角和视慢度,根据统计得到的视慢度——震中距表推算震中距。并结合了地震台网的定位方法,由单台记录的各类主要震相从JB走时表得到震中距,然后进行地震定位。该定位方法可对近震、远震进行定位处理,并由深震相得到震源深度。     

微动台阵探测技术及其应用研究

介绍了利用微动台阵技术探测地壳浅层横波速度结构的仪器设备、观测系统、野外采集和数据处理方法，给出了用空间自相关方法测定相速度和浅层速度结构反演的实例。由于该方法不需要专门的震源，对于探测从地表到3km深度范围的地层结构具有经济、快捷、应用范围广泛等优点，因此将成为一种新的具有很好应用前景的地球物理勘探方法。     

线阵推扫式影像近似几何校正算法的精度比较

线阵推扫式影像严格几何校正需要轨道星历参数和传感器参数 ,但在实际应用中有时无法得到这些数据 ,此时一般采用直接线性变换、一般多项式、改进多项式、有理函数等模型进行近似几何校正。在简要介绍了几种近似算法的数学模型后 ,重点讨论了利用SPOT和IKONOS图像所进行的各种实验分析和精度比较。结果表明 :有理函数模型精度最高 ,可达到子像素级 ;直接线性变换模型的精度在控制点分布状态良好时可达到 2个像素 ;一般多项式模型的精度 ,对于平坦地区的影像大约在 1个像素左右 ,但受地形起伏的影响较大 ;改进多项式模型的精度随多项式的阶数变化而变化 ,几乎不受地形起伏的影响 ,选择适当阶数的改进多项式模型可以获得较高的几何校正精度。此外 ,在选择某一种方法进行线阵推扫式影像近似几何校正的时候 ,还应该综合考虑精度、算法复杂性、对已知数据的要求等多种因素。实验表明 :对于线阵推扫式影像的近似几何校正 ,改进多项式模型精度较高、计算量较小、对控制点要求较低 ,是一种较好的近似几何校正算法     

地震序列较强余震灰色预测计算软件简介及其操作说明

介绍了地震序列较强余震快速响应灰色预测计算软件的程序设计原理及其操作说明，介绍了该软件的基本特点，并就每一计算模块的功能、数据流程、产生的中间和结果数据文件、具体操作步骤作了详细说明。目的在于扩大地震序列较强余震快速响应预测方面的研究与交流，不断丰富和发展地震现场应急工作内容和方法。     

Planetary Boundary Layer over a Small Island as Observed by a Doppler Sodar

Observations from a new five-beam phasedarray Doppler sodar located over a small islandrevealed the development of an internal boundary layer (IBL)from the edge of a cliff in strong windcases, and the presence of systematic convective motions in unstableconditions. The top of the IBL ischaracterized by a small wind maximum trailing fromthe strong wind area at the edge of the cliff, anddevelops with distance from the edge. In the presence ofcumulus clouds, an upwardvelocity region, surrounded by downward motion, wasobserved in the subcloud layer. Anupward convective pattern of organized motion following the passage of cumulus clouds may be young thermalsrising from a height of about 100 m.     

GDS-1000宽频带通用流动数字地震观测系统

GDS-1000宽频带通用流动数字地震观测系统主要用于大陆岩石层的人工及天然地震台阵研究、强震观测以及余震观测台网的临时布设。其主要技术指标为:动态范围120dB,前放增益1,16,128倍可调,高端频率6.25,25,45Hz可调,采样率25,100,200Hz可调,1MB固态数据存储器借助地震数据的压缩软件可以存储3MB以上的数据,工作温度范围-10-45℃,功耗小于3W。定时接受的BPM无线电授时信号可保证记录系统时钟校正误差小于10ms。其智能化地震触发系统可处于下列模态:近震触发,远震触发,近震和远震触发,任意地面运动信号触发,以及手动触发和定时触发。DSR-1000数字地震数据回收系统用于GDS-1000的参数预置、地震事件数据的转储和地震图的现场绘制。该系统在野外试验期间已取得大量近震、远震及核爆炸记录。     

Anomalous geomagnetic variations and possible causative structures along foothills of Himachal Pradesh-Kumaun-Himalaya

This paper presents the results of a magnetometer array study covering Kangra region to supplement information already available on the nature of geoelectrical structure at the foothills of Himachal Pradesh-Kumaun-Himalaya. The observed induction pattern across the Himalayan frontal fault is found to be the expression of a psuedo-geomagnetic coast effect associated with the edge of sheet current flowing in the sediments of the IndoGangetic Plains. An additional conductive sheet that is required beneath the frontal folded belt may represent increased hydration of certain sedimentary layers.     

用模糊综合评判划分矿床的勘探类型

为了建立划分矿床勘探类型的定量模型,本文试用一组模糊数对划分勘探类型的各项定性因素进行定量化处理,并根据不同因素的状态特征建立相应的隶属函数。这样对于任何一个具体的矿床,都可以用该模型得到相应的模糊关系矩阵,最后通过模糊变换得出划分矿床勘探类型的综合评判结果。