S频段用于卫星导航的电磁环境研究

结合不同的信号调制方式,在满足一定伪距误差的条件下,从所需信号发射功率小和与北斗一代相互干扰小的角度论证了RNSS应用BOC（6,1）和BOC（6,2）两种调制方式的优势。并且对2 483.5~2 500 MHz频段中导航系统与其他通信系统之间的干扰作出估计,论证了GNSS系统与其他无线电业务的兼容性。     

一种抑制GPS射频干扰的空频自适应处理算法

为了提高窄带干扰与期望卫星信号同向时的抑制性能,提出了一种新的空频自适应滤波算法。该算法首先利用频域实系数自适应滤波对信号进行预处理抑制窄带干扰,然后在频域直接对处理后的信号进行空频自适应处理抑制宽带干扰。算法在预处理时采用自适应滤波可有效减少期望卫星信号的损失以及SFAP导向矢量误差。仿真实验表明,相对于普通的空时及空频自适应处理算法,新算法有效地提高了输出信干噪比,在干扰与信号同向的情况下也能表现出优良的处理性能。     

长江流域夏季气温变化型及其成因Ⅰ：年际变化与遥相关

采用中国气象局整编的气温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、哈得来月平均海温资料以及CPC(NOAA)指数,分析了长江流域夏季气温的变化型及其成因.结果表明:长江中下游地区夏季气温呈现出全区一致、南北反相以及东西反相3种分布型,且这3种分布型分别是中国同号气温异常变化、南北反号气温异常以及东西反号气温异常分布背景下的局部反映.上述这3种气温异常型具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征,其中在年际尺度上具有2-5年的周期,反映出在年代际背景下的年际变化;在年际尺度上,3种异常型分别对应不同特点的环流型,并且高度场在长江中下游地区上空的垂直分布均呈准正压结构;3种异常型对应的环流型的维持分别与来自大西洋穿越极区的波列,由地中海沿亚洲急流东传的波列以及北半球环状模有关.同时,全区一致型和南北反相型与P-J型波列联系紧密,其中南北反相型与该波列联系更为紧密;全区一致型与Nino3海温指数呈负相关关系,其中超前一季的负相关最大.南北反相型与Nino3海温指数超前2季相关最高,与Nino4海温指数同时相关最高.东西反相型则与Nino3海温指数同时相关最高,与Nino4海温指数超前3季相关最高.这些结果可为进一步认识长江流域夏季气温变化规律和极端天气气候事件的预测提供线索.     

超低渗透率测量仪的测试标定及初步测量结果

低渗-超低渗透率测量是流体渗流力学和岩石物理学研究领域的热点问题.断层带流体输运的定量化研究对于了解断层的力学性质和预测地下流体的流动具有重要意义.文中介绍了新研制的超低渗透率测量系统和工作原理.这套设备使用稳态法和目前逐渐流行的孔隙压力振荡法进行测量,其孔隙流体为蒸馏水和氮气,最高围压可达200M Pa,孔隙压上限为...     

Investigating Correlations and Variations of Air Pollutant Concentrations under Conditions of Rapid Industrialization – Kocaeli (1987–2009)

In this study, it was aimed to characterize temporal variations of air pollutants for determining contribution to pollution episodes and to obtain correlations between these pollutants. With this aim we used data analysis for measured sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter (PM, black fume and PM10), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH₄), and non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) recorded in Kocaeli, one of the most industrilizated cities of Turkey. Pollutant concentrations were the results of continuous and semi‐automatic measurements. Semi‐automatic measurements of SO₂ and PM (black fume) were enclosing period from 1987 to 2008 whereas continuous monitoring of all pollutants included years of 2007–2009. In the first stage of the study daily, monthly, annual, and seasonal variations of pollution were researched. Annual average concentrations were compared with limits set by Air Quality Protection Regulation (AQPR), Air Quality Evaluation and Management Regulation (AQEMR), World Health Organization (WHO), European Union (EU), and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USEPA). In the following stage relationships between pollutants such as NO₂–O₃, NO_x–CO, NO_x–NMHC, and NO_x–SO₂ were investigated and correlation coefficients were determined as 0.87, 0.56, 0.51, and 0.69, respectively. R² values of regression models developed from these correlations were 0.78, 0.56, 0.34, and 0.72, respectively. Vehicle density of the traffic was evaluated with NO_x–O₃ emissions and decrease was seen in NO_x emissions due to decreasing vehicle density at weekends whereas O₃ concentrations increased. These correlations enable prediction of the parameters that cannot be measured which is important for providing improvement in early warning systems.     

Delay time optimization in blasting operations for mitigating the vibration-effects on final pit walls' stability

Blasting induced vibration is one of the fundamental problems in the open-pit mines and intense vibration can cause critical damage to structures and plants nearby the open-pit mines, especially to the final pit wall's stability. It is very important to study how to control vibration induced by blasting in the mitigation of negative effects of blasting in open-pit mines. This study aims to examine the propagation of blasting induced ground vibrations and find the feasible approaches to reduce the harmful effects of vibrations induced by blasting on the final pit wall's stability. For this purpose, a series of field experiments were conducted in XinQiao Mining Co. Ltd. Sixty-six events and the blasting parameters of these shots were carefully recorded. During the statistical analysis of the collected data, the predictor equation proposed by the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was used to establish a relationship between the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and the Scaled Distance (SD) factor. The relationship between PPV and SD was determined and proposed to be used in this open-pit mine. Control of maximum charge amount per delay and the selection optimum interval time to reduce the intensity of vibration by waveform interference were applied in practice. Based on the field experiments, we can determine the maximum charge amount per delay and 15 ms delay were proposed to be used in this site, and a decrease in vibration of 24.5% was obtained.     

六合体应变干扰因素与地震短临异常特征研究

利用江苏省南京市六合地震台钻孔体应变2003年1月1日至2008年12月31日的数字化观测资料,对气压和降雨这二种主要干扰因素的基本变化规律进行分析,讨论了发生在该台预报效能范围内的3次中强地震的短临异常特征.结果表明:气压变化在各个季节对观测值均有较大的影响,以短周期的正相关干扰影响为主,在时间上往往表现为准同步,相关系数能达到0.6～0.7以上;降雨对体应变的影响与降雨过程、降雨量及降雨时间等有密切的关系,持续降雨只有积累到一定程度才能促成固体潮畸变,这一过程虽较复杂,但仍有一定的规律可循.六合体应变对区域内中强地震有1～2月的突出短临异常变化.     

自由场典型液化特征数值模拟试验

应用FLAOD实现自由场液化数值模拟试验.试验结果验证了砂土液化典型特征:超静孔隙水压升高,有效应力降低,体积压缩积累增大.证实了液化的隔振作用:砂土在液化状态变为流体,不能传递剪力,液化时砂土位移、速度、加速度振幅显著降低,剪应力降低,动水向上渗流,土体向下沉降,水平残留不可恢复位移.球压应力、有效压应力、动水压力满...     

水轮机流道压力脉动诱发厂房振动分析

水轮机压力脉动是引起厂房内源振动的主要诱因,如何在振动系统中合理、准确地施加水力荷载的振源特性,是目前机组振动分析的主要难点.文中将压力脉动假定为简谐荷载,通过跟踪楼板的振动变化和共振校核确定机组的振源特性,采用有限元法精细模拟了水轮机流道压力脉动诱发的厂房振动问题,并结合电站特点提出振动控制标准的建议值,由此对振动进...