农业水生产力研究进展

文章系统阐述了农业水生产力概念的发展过程,综合分析了影响农业水生产力的主要因素,详细列举了不同尺度上评估农业水生产力所需的水流及产出计算方法,给出了4种主要农作物在全球范围内的水生产力的分布范围与空间格局,并从提高水分利用效率、加强田间水资源管理、选择适宜的种植模式和栽培技术以及培育更加高效的农作物品种4个方面全面综述了各种水生产力提高策略。指出在未来的水生产力研究中还需要强调农户的参与以及学科间的协作,加强水生产力尺度效应、水权与水价问题、虚拟水交易、水生产力提高措施对环境影响等方面的研究。     

气溶胶粒子的降水清除

讨论了雨滴在云下对气溶胶粒子的清除,考虑了气溶胶粒子和雨滴之间的碰并系数,雨滴谱以及气溶胶粒子谱对清除系数的影响。在０１＜ ｒ＜ １０ μｍ 范围内,利用不同的碰并系数表达式算得的降雨对该区间内气溶胶粒子的清除系数相差很大,但对总质量清除系数影响不大;雨滴谱的改变对总质量清除系数有很大影响;不同的气溶胶粒子谱对总质量清除也有一定影响。雨滴谱用Ｍａｒｓｈａｌｌ－ Ｐａｌｍ ｅｒ 分布;气溶胶粒子谱用Ｊｕｎｇｅ 分布ｎ（ｒ）＝ ａｒｂ 算得清除系数与雨强关系为Λ＝ ０５１Ｉ０７８,而气溶胶粒子谱改用三参数分布（ｒ）＝ ａｒｂｅ－ ｃｒ得到清除系数与雨强的关系为Λ＝ ０２５Ｉ０７７。     

桑沟湾水域浮游植物的光量子产值

于1989－1990年对山东半岛的桑沟湾水域进行了综合调查,利用对自然水域现场测量的方法,对浮游植物兀合色素对光的吸收及其光量子产值进行了4个季度月的测量和计算,目的是研究这种浅海养殖生态系统初级生产过程中的能量流动状况。结果表明,该海区光量子产值的范围为0.189×10-2molC／E－6．019×10-2molC／E;浮游植物吸收的光能占海面总吸收光能的0.9％－5.5％;浮游植物的光利用率为0.026％－0.101％,与其他海区相比,较为偏低。     

Government Intervention in the Muda Irrigation Scheme, Malaysia: 'actors', expectations and outcomes

At the dawn of the third millennium the problems associated with large-scale irrigation lie largely unresolved. The outcomes of government policies rarely correspond with expectations, leading to conflict and misunderstanding between federal governments, local agencies and farmers. This paper examines the mis-match of expectations between policy implementors and policy recipients in the implementation of one government policy (tertlary intervention) in the Muda irrigation scheme, Malaysia. The findings illustrate that this policy is not achieving the productivity increase or water saving expectations for which it was designed. Instead, tertiary intervention has increased the capacity of the farmers to unofficially control the distribution and supply of the water resource and to engage in off-farm productive and non-productive activities. This results in: a significant over-supply of water; the inefficient use of this supply; and a reduction in yields without a reduction in incomes. Importantly, tertiary intervention has enabled the farmers to diversify their livelihood strategies whilst retaining access to the rice-farming culture. The findings presented in this paper serve to illustrate the significance of 'actor'expectations on policy outcomes and agrarian change.     

摄食水平对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus) 幼鱼生长影响的初步研究

褐牙鲆幼鱼 (体重 0 .71～ 4 .16 g;体长 4 .4 5～ 8.14cm)在 2 4℃下保持 5个摄食水平 (0～最大 )。投喂人工配合饵料。湿重、干重、蛋白质及能量的特定生长率与摄食水平呈线性关系 ,相关系数分别为 0 .886 4 ,0 .8311,0 .80 16和 0 .8577(n=33,p<0 .0 5)。随摄食水平增加 ,干重、蛋白质和能量的转化效率升高 ,平均总转化效率分别为 33.77%、33.89%和 33.0 3%。     

C/S模式下Sybase程序健壮性的讨论

作者在本文中针对Ｃ／Ｓ开发模式下,由于网络不稳定因素易造成客户端与服务器的连接断线而影响应用系统的运行效率,提出了相应的解决方案。这些方案,能很好地改善程序的健壮性并显著提高系统效率。大量的实验测试和项目实例证明,这些方案是稳定可靠、切实可行的。     

任意中点多边形近似平差新算法及计算程序

本文导出了中点多边形近似平差的新算法,并给出了适合任意中点多边形平差的计算程序,计算结果和传统方法一致,但避免了数据的重复输入,提高了计算效率。     

The Great Ice Age cycles associated with the variation of the atmospheric heat engine efficiency

Investigating all the Great Ice Age events throughout the Earth's history, each was found to follow a strong mountain-making process. Therefore, a hypothesis was put forward with its causality chain as: strong mountain-making process→great disparity in topography on the Earth surface→introducing efficient atmospheric circulation system (plateau monsoon)→increase in global atmospheric heat engine efficiency→generating more atmospheric kinetic energy→enhancing the planetary westerly (under the condition that the huge relief is longitudinal on the whole )→widening the temperature difference between the equator and the polar regions (restrained by the thermal wind law)→sharp cooling in high latitudes and the polars (supposing the solar radiation was approximately constant)→forming a Great Ice Age event.     

Spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain for middle and long-term earthquake forecast and its preliminary application

IntroductionThemodelofspatialandtemporalsynthesizedgainforastrongearthquakeoccurrenceisdevelopedasthebasisofTheDynamicSoftwareSystemforMiddle-andLong-termEarthquakeForecast.Themodelisestablishedaccordingbothtothestatisticalprincipleandtotheobservatio...