基于可变模板的航空影像中建筑物提取

针对航空影像中目标提取的困难,提出了一种基于可变模板的航空影像中建筑物提取方法,并针对几种比较典型的建筑物,详细讨论了模板的设计、目标初始参数的获取及模板最优参数求解等几个关键性的问题。采用这种方法进行航空影像中目标的提取时,可以将影像中的多种信息和人的识别能力进行有效的融合,因而能够达到可靠地提取影像中目标的目的。作为一种有效的优化求解方法,模拟退火被用于目标提取的优化过程。为了验证这种方法提取航空影像中目标的能力,给出了利用可变模板提取航空影像中几种不同类型的建筑物的例子。     

导线网可靠性分析和粗差探查

采用相关平差算法计算导线网中每个观测值的多余观测分量和各类观测值的内可靠性指标,按统计假设检验理论构成观测值的粗差检测统计量,经过探查指出可能含有粗差的观测值。最后给出内可靠性分析的结果,并提出导线网设计和施测要点建议。     

基于像元分析的影像空间信息变化探测

介绍了影像的基本属性,区域和像元的空间信息变化探测方法,重点阐述了基于像元分析变化的探测原理和应用方法,针对不同的方法进行了实验并给出了实验的结果。     

VLBI技术测月的数学模型探讨

近年各国已纷纷制定测月计划,采用何种技术对月球进行定位,变得尤为重要。本文通过对VLBI技术特点进行分析,VLBI是目前大地测量中精度最高的技术手段,但只适用于深空探测,因为深空射电信号到达地面时,可看作平行信号。本文针对VLBI技术特点及数学模型,对存在不可忽略视差的VLBI测月模型,通过级数展开,解决月面射电信号到达地球时的视差问题,并顾及地球自转得出最终数学模型,通过站间一次差分消除钟差等影响,得出VLBI对近轨天体(月球)表面射电源定位的数学模型。     

基于多结构元的形态学边缘检测方法研究

针对传统边缘检测算子的缺点,研究了基于数学形态学的边缘检测方法,给出了基于多结构元的抗噪型形态学边缘检测算法的具体流程,进行了实验对比分析,表明该方法具有较好的边缘提取能力和抗噪性。     

凸壳内缩法进行多密度离散点群边界检测

针对现有离散点群边界检测方法对多密度点群检测结果效果不够理想这一问题,本文提出利用凸壳内缩法检测离散点的边界:先建立离散点群凸壳结构,再定义内缩精度后通过点群凸壳结构特征实现最适内缩精度的识别.该方法对内缩扫描区域面积会随边界点密度不同而变化,因此更加适用于多密度离散点群边界的检测.通过与现有边界检测方法的对比,本文提出的方法在处理多密度离散点群的边界检测问题时具有高效性和普适性.     

基于双阈值SSDA模板匹配的遥感图像道路边缘检测研究

利用遥感图像提取道路边缘信息可以简化常规城市道路的测绘工作。根据一般道路在图像上的影像特征对图像进行模型化处理,提出了基于双阈值的序贯相似性检测算法(sequential similarity detection algorithm,SSDA)的模板匹配算法,并在该算法的基础上,提出了一个基于减小增长误差的算子,用以减少由于样本数过多而产生的增长误差。与其他算法相比,该算法能够更有效地获取道路边缘信息,在准确提取路面边缘信息的同时,能对预处理中难以完全提取的路面部分进行修复,减少处理过程,从而提高处理效率。     

天宫一号高光谱数据相关检测法蚀变信息提取

天宫一号高光谱成像仪是目前中国空间分辨率和光谱综合指标最高的星载光谱成像仪.针对天宫一号高光谱数据,提出了一种基于波段相关检测的蚀变信息提取方法.该方法在对天宫一号高光谱数据进行波段相关检测提取蚀变异常特征波段的基础上,结合异常探测、端元提取和光谱匹配等方法的各自优势进行天高一号高光谱数据的蚀变信息提取.利用该法成功提取了天宫一号高光谱数据中的Al-OH矿物蚀变异常及4种蚀变矿物,结果表明该方法可以有效提取天宫一号高光谱数据中的蚀变信息,有助于天宫一号高光谱数据在地质矿产资源调查中发挥巨大的应用潜力.     

Remote sensing of Carhuarazo volcanic complex using ASTER imagery in Southern Peru to detect alteration zones and volcanic structures – a combined approach of image processing in ENVI and ArcGIS/ArcScene

A combined approach to detect hydrothermal alteration zones and their mineral distribution is proposed for a relatively remote area around the Carhuarazo volcanic complex in southern Peru encompassing 2222 km². In this region, tertiary volcanic structures associated with hydrothermal alteration are well known to host epithermal ore deposits. We make an attempt to detect and to quantify alteration minerals based on spectral analysis using ASTER reflectance data product provided by LP-DAAC. Besides commonly used ratio images, mineral indices (MI) and relative band depth images (RBD), we also extracted endmember spectra using Pixel-Purity-Processing preceded by minimum noise fraction transformation. These spectra are thought to represent the spectrally purest pixel of the image and show the typical absorption features of the main constituents. Based on this assumption, we used different spectral analysis methods in order to extract the most important alteration minerals for such an environment. These minerals were then used for matched filter processing in areas showing high values in MIs and RBDs. Using this method, we detected and mapped argillic alteration and variations in the distribution of important minerals like alunite, kaolinite or nacrite. There were no indications for the presence of propilitization at ASTER spatial resolutions. Our method can be applied easily to any ASTER scene and provides information about the intensity of alteration and the character of alteration zones. The intensity is highest in the centre of the Carhuarazo volcanic complex and is mostly argillic with a high content of alunite, dickite and other clay minerals.     

Dynamics of coastal landform features along the southern Tamil Nadu of India by using remote sensing and Geographic Information System

This article reveals an application of multi-spectral satellite data for analysing the dynamics of different coastal landform features along the southern coastal Tamil Nadu of India. An integrated approach comprising visual image interpretation and maximum-likelihood supervised classification has been employed to classify the coastal landforms by using IRS data (during the period 1999–2006). The quality of image classification has been assessed by performing the accuracy assessments with the existing thematic maps and finally the coastal landforms have been mapped. The study reveals that the dynamics of coastal landforms such as sandy beaches, mud-flats, sand dunes and salt marshes along the study area are mostly influenced by the coastal processes, sediment transport, geomorphology and anthropogenic activities. Major anthropogenic sources for the perturbation of beach sediment budgets and a cause of beach erosion along the study area are excessive sand mining, removal of sand dunes, coastal urbanization, tourism and developmental activities.