地震随机噪声压缩感知迭代压制方法

复杂地表和复杂介质条件下,随机噪声往往严重影响着复杂地震信号的信噪比,同时深层地球物理目标探查中弱地震信号总是被随机噪声所掩盖,如何有效地压制随机噪声干扰、恢复有效地震信号仍然是高精度地震勘探中的关键问题.压缩感知理论突破了奈奎斯特采样定理的限制,利用有效地震信号的可压缩性和稀疏性,提供了从不可压缩随机噪声中进行有效信号分离的数据原理.本文系统分析压缩感知框架下地震随机噪声压制的稀疏优化反问题,提出了基于迭代软阈值算法的"采集-重建-修复"方案对该问题进行求解.在实现高度稀疏表征的基础上进行地震数据的压缩感知随机观测,通过迭代反演对有效地震信号进行重构,有效提高复杂地震数据的信噪比,同时,当求解稀疏优化问题时,如果出现正则化项引起重构信号衰减现象,可以匹配除偏对衰减的有效信号进行修复.通过与工业标准f-x预测滤波方法进行比较,理论模型和实际数据处理的结果表明,压缩感知迭代噪声压制方法对复杂地震数据中的随机噪声有较好的压制效果,可以有效恢复出被较强非平稳随机噪声干扰的时空变同相轴信息.     

Co-management and the co-production of knowledge: Learning to adapt in Canada's Arctic

Co-management institutional arrangements have an important role in creating conditions for social learning and adaptation in a rapidly changing Arctic environment, although how that works in practice has not been clearly articulated. This paper draws on three co-management cases from the Canadian Arctic to examine the role of knowledge co-production as an institutional trigger or mechanism to enable learning and adapting. Experience with knowledge co-production across the three cases is variable but outcomes illustrate how co-management actors are learning to learn through uncertainty and environmental change, or learning to be adaptive. Policy implications of this analysis are highlighted and include the importance of a long-term commitment to institution building, an enabling policy environment to sustain difficult social processes associated with knowledge co-production, and the value of diverse modes of communication, deliberation and social interaction.     

基于DEM不同路径算法的沟壑密度提取

沟壑密度是评价小流域沟蚀程度的重要指标,同时也是反映地表破碎程度的因子。采用合理的汇流阈值设置方法,在黄土高原县南沟流域,通过基于坡向流量分配的多流向算法(DEMON)和传统的单流向算法D8实现沟壑密度的提取。结果表明:多流向算法和单流向算法都能提取较合适的沟壑密度,其中多流向算法提取的结果更好一些。因此,本研究对地表破碎程度的描述和当地地形地貌的反映有重要的意义。     

基于典型相关分析的变化检测中变化阈值的确定

以东营市为例 ,把基于典型相关分析的方法运用于多时相遥感影像的变化检测中。对于变化阈值的确定 ,采用了一种基于贝叶斯理论的最小错误率的方法。这种方法实质上是一种非监督分类的方法 ,即不需要地面实况数据或其它先验知识 ,直接对典型相关处理后的差值图像进行分析计算得到阈值 ,使变化检测的错误率达到最小。实验结果证明了这种方法的有效性。     

多时相遥感影像的变化监测方法研究

多时相遥感影像图变化监测已经在国民经济及国防建设领域得到了广泛应用。通过分析同一地域不同时相的遥感图像变化监测提供地物发生变化的信息,对资源环境数据进行更新及利用。论文围绕变化监测中的一些关键理论方法进行了研究。     

基于富营养化阈值的松花湖水环境容量分析

通过对松花湖水体中浮游植物的绝对优势种——铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)单藻株生长与磷、氮定量关系的室内模拟研究,得出松花湖富营养化发生的阈值为：总磷浓度0．065 mg/L,总氮浓度0．843 mg/L．利用风险分析理论和蒙特卡罗随机模拟方法,在分析2002-2004年松花湖水体中总磷和总氮浓度实际分布规律的基础上,提出了计算湖、库总磷和总氮水环境容量的不确定性方法．通过对松花湖磷、氮水环境容量的计算,得出松花湖流域总磷和总氮的最大允许排放量为2123．78 t/a和7018．82 t/a,为了使松花湖富营养化发生的概率在0．001以下,总磷和总氮需要分别削减3208．34 t/a和18648．91 t/a．     

FEM Using Adaptive Topography in 2-D MT Forward Modeling

Complex terrain causes great MT noise.This paper puts forward a FEM model method using adaptive topography and quadratic elements based on studies by previous researchers.This method can model all kinds of complicated terrain and geoelectric bodies preferably.The numeric modeling,calculation of the auxiliary field and definition of resistivity are deduced by electromagnetic equations.Lastly,several examples are presented,which show the method is rapid,effective and has highly accurate.     

Dynamics and driving mechanisms of asymmetric human water consumption during alternating wet and dry periods

Increases in human water consumption (HWC) and consequent degradation of the ecological environment are common in arid regions. Understanding the mechanisms behind these processes is important for sustainable development. Analyses of changes in HWC between alternating wet and dry periods are carried out in four arid inland basins in Central Asia and China (Syr Darya, Tarim, Heihe and Shulehe river basins). Based on runoff records, the presence of an asymmetric HWC response is proved (p < 0.01), with an increase in HWC during wet periods and a muted decrease during subsequent dry periods. This behaviour is interpreted by invoking theories from behavioural economics at the individual and community levels. A simple model based on these theories is shown to be able to reproduce the observed dynamics and is used to discuss the importance of strengthening institutional factors for water sustainability.     

成飞飞行区域短时强降水时空分布特征及强降水指数分析

成飞飞行空域包含高原、盆地、山区等多种地形,局地气候显著,短时强降水频发。该文使用国家气象信息中心2017—2021年多资料融合逐小时降水数据、国家自动站探空观测数据。统计分析发现,盆地周围沿山地区为盆地短时强降水高发区;101～102°E,31～32°N区域为高原短时强降水高发区。利用百分位法得到高原地区强对流指数阈值：CAPE值≥1930.5 J·kg^-1,BCAPE值≥1974.7 J·kg^-1,抬升指数≥2.6℃,大气可降水量≥86.1 mm,K指数≥37.2℃,SI指数≤-0.9℃。盆地地区强对流指数阈值：CAPE值≥2230.6 J·kg^-1,BCAPE值≥2264.4 J·kg^-1,抬升指数≥1.8℃,大气可降水量≥93.0 mm,K指数≥40.8℃,SI指数≤-1.8℃。建立短时强降水不同下垫面强对流指数阈值,为今后短时强降雨客观预报提供新的思路和方向。