ADS40生产过程及精度研究

本文针对ADS40在1∶10000、1∶2000、1∶500地形图测绘工作中的问题进行了研究和探讨,重点针对ADS40应用中坐标系的定制及转换方法、大地水准面精化成果应用等进行了相关研究。实验证明,该设备在不同比例尺的摄影过程中获得的IMU/GPS数据精度相当,IMU/GPS解算数据与飞行比例尺无关;有地面基站和精密单点定位技术解算精度相当,适用于现行各种比例尺的成图需求。空三解算针对不同比例尺采用无野外控制点或少量野外控制点的方法,较大减轻了野外测量工作量;生产整体流程中,采用整航带作业模式,减少了图幅拼接、DOM生成等的工作量,较传统框幅式作业方法有较大的优势。     

Coulomb规范下地电磁场的自适应有限元模拟的理论分析

地电磁场的直接求解法存在伪解现象,且电磁场分量在界面上的不连续性与节点型有限元的基本要求矛盾. 本文将Coulomb 规范下磁矢量势-电标量势与自适应有限元相结合,提出了地球物理电磁场计算的快速、高精度方法. 首先从地电磁场一般边值问题出发,给出了Coulomb 规范下磁矢量势-电标量势的公式系统,分析了求解域内势的连续性. 采用Galerkin 加权余值法推导出积分弱解形式和Delaunay非结构化四面体单元时Hierarchal 基函数的有限元方程. 基于超收敛恢复技术,提出了适用于电磁场的后验误差估计方法,阐述了地电磁场自适应计算的策略及迭代算法,分析了计算时间消耗和误差收敛性质,表明本文方法可以用最优的计算资源得到呈拟指数收敛到准确解的数值结果,从而为后续的数值计算奠定了理论基础.     

A governance perspective on the large marine ecosystem approach

The large marine ecosystem (LME) concept and approach has had a global impact on marine ecosystem-based management. The LME approach provides a framework for assessing and monitoring LMEs and is based on five modules: productivity, fish and fisheries, pollution and ecosystem health, socioeconomics, and governance. It appears that the LME approach is also being used to structure interventions to bring about change. Its appropriateness for the latter purpose is questioned. The major concerns are that the LME approach is not consistent with current thinking about enabling governance and its compartmentalized structure does not facilitate effective governance intervention. Current thinking on good governance suggests that it is more appropriate to approach governance interventions at the LME scale through multi-level governance policy cycles.     

Resilience: What is it and what does it mean for marine policymakers?

Marine policymakers are facing increasing calls to consider the resilience of communities that rely on coastal and marine ecosystem goods and services, and the resilience of natural systems themselves. These calls are in response to increasing threats to coastal communities from external factors such as coastal hazards, possibly associated with climate change, reductions in natural capital often caused by over-fishing and invasive species, and drivers that act to change local and regional economic conditions leading to changes in employment and inequality. However, most communities have had little experience in explicitly managing for resilience. Similarly, our understanding of the factors that make a natural or social system resilient is also somewhat limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus-based definitions and performance measures for assessing resilience. These factors, along with other barriers, will need to be overcome before effective resilience-based management can be implemented.     

白云鄂博原型钡铁钛石晶体化学研究的新进展

钡铁钛石是白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿发现的首个新矿物。迄今,已逾半个世纪。但是,关于原型钡铁钛石的化学分子式却有不同的表述,有的甚至殊异。拙文对这些写法各异的分子式进行了梳理,结合我们和国内外对原型钡铁石及其类似矿物的晶体结构测定,运用其最初发表的化学成分,按3种方法,重新计算矿物单位分子式中的离子数并分别加以评估。在此基础上,对原型钡铁钛石的晶体化学式作了初步改进。再者,关于原型钡铁钛石的晶胞参数,国内外亦存在歧见。主要根据晶体结构初步精修,借鉴东海产钡铁钛石晶体结构精测的启示,对原型钡铁钛石的真晶胞参数作了持之有据的推论。看来,原型钡铁钛石仍有深入研究的必要。可以肯定,它的晶体化学式、晶胞参数和晶体结构需要厘正、辩正和修正。     

用奇异值分解求解回归方程的迭代加细

在解回归方程时，设计矩阵中的共线性可能产生不精确的参数估计。用奇异值分解的正交矩阵变换可以减少共线性的影响。通过迭代加细过程还可以改进回归系数的估计。本文描述了求解回归方程的奇异值的迭代加细过程。结果表明，在设计矩阵高度共线性时，用奇异值分解的迭代加细可以改进回归系数的估计。     

用QR分解拟合回归方程参数估计和剩余的迭代加细

讨论用ＱＲ分解拟合回归方程时,参数估计和剩余的迭代加细管算法。证明了：若用ＱＲ分解所作的算法无需计算平方根,则相应的迭代加细算法也需计算平方根。对这种算法作了检验,并讨论了参数估计的精度。     

The GeoClaw software for depth-averaged flows with adaptive refinement

Many geophysical flow or wave propagation problems can be modeled with two-dimensional depth-averaged equations, of which the shallow water equations are the simplest example. We describe the GeoClaw software that has been designed to solve problems of this nature, consisting of open source Fortran programs together with Python tools for the user interface and flow visualization. This software uses high-resolution shock-capturing finite volume methods on logically rectangular grids, including latitude-longitude grids on the sphere. Dry states are handled automatically to model inundation. The code incorporates adaptive mesh refinement to allow the efficient solution of large-scale geophysical problems. Examples are given illustrating its use for modeling tsunamis and dam-break flooding problems. Documentation and download information is available at www.clawpack.org/geoclaw.     

Seeing double at Neptune’s south pole

Keck near-infrared images of Neptune from UT 26 July 2007 show that the cloud feature typically observed within a few degrees of Neptune’s south pole had split into a pair of bright spots. A careful determination of disk center places the cloud centers at −89.07 ± 0.06° and −87.84 ± 0.06° planetocentric latitude. If modeled as optically thick, perfectly reflecting layers, we find the pair of features to be constrained to the troposphere, at pressures greater than 0.4 bar. By UT 28 July 2007, images with comparable resolution reveal only a single feature near the south pole. The changing morphology of these circumpolar clouds suggests they may form in a region of strong convection surrounding a neptunian south polar vortex.     

基于NDVI序列影像精化结果的植被覆盖变化研究

植被归一化指数(NDVI)是地表植被覆盖特征的重要指标之一。本文以三峡库区2001-2003年MODIS遥感数据反演的NDVI时间序列影像为例,研究NDVI影像序列的精化问题,包括降云及去噪处理的有效方法。在改进的BISE技术降云处理的基础上,采用小波软阈值降噪方法提取有效变化趋势。然后进行库区2001-2003年植被变化的变化矢量分析,采用阈值分割的方法将库区变化强度影像分为未变化、小变化、中等变化与剧烈变化四个类型。研究成果可为三峡库区宏观生态环境变化的掌握提供一定的依据。