自适应网格加密求解洞室围岩塑性区

在弹塑性交界面上存在应力跳跃。 将应力跳跃值作为加密网格的准则, 不仅可使应力计算精度大幅度提高, 而且可求出塑性区的形状。 针对塑性区求解这一具体问题, 提出了一种修正的网格加密准则。 通过改变影响围岩塑性区的几个主要影响因素, 进行了大量的数值计算, 结果表明所提出的修正加密准则能正确地求出围岩塑性区的形状和大小。     

边坡稳定分析的自适应性局部网格加密解法

常规的有限元强度折减法在确定边坡塑性区时,不能直观地反映出塑性区的形状和滑裂面位置,计算结果精度低。在塑性区范围内进行网格局部加密,不仅使安全系数的计算精度大幅度提高,而且可求出滑裂面的形状和位置。针对求解塑性区搜索滑裂面这一具体问题,提出塑性应变界限值网格加密准则,采用自适应性网格局部加密技术求解边坡的滑裂面和稳定安全系数。数值计算结果表明,所提出的加密准则能正确地确定滑裂面的形状和位置,计算所得稳定安全系数和理论稳定安全系数仅相差0.2 %。     

基于Matlab的自适应调零天线建模与仿真

自适应调零天线应用于GPS系统中,能有效提高接收机在复杂电磁环境中工作的可靠性。介绍了四种自适应算法,进行了算法原理分析,采用matlab进行了计算机仿真,最后通过仿真试验对各种算法的性能进行了比较。     

西门子多排螺旋CT新技术

多排螺旋CT的推出使得CT临床应用能力大大提高,CT扫描仪进入了一个快速发展的时期。本文通过介绍双向飞焦点Z-Sharp技术、自由螺旋SureView等技术,比较各种螺旋重建算法,以及剂量调节方案CAREDose4D等新的西门子CT技术,呈现西门子在CT革新中所作的努力,Sensation64排CT在市场上大受欢迎证明了这些技术的优越性。     

A Bibliometric Investigation of Research on Social-Ecological System Resilience

The notion of Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems (ReSES) in balancing and sustaining development are increasingly breeding more multidisciplinary attentions from world scientists and government managers. However, with the tremendous growing in theoretical system, certain problems hinder the integration of theory and practice, such as the low degree of research recognition, lacking of unified paradigm, unevenly development of research topics, etc. Thus, it is an urgent need to sort out the construction, source and development in theory, and its gaps with practices. To identify the hotspot in current research, including the fundamental theories and methods, current focus and future trends, a bibliometric analysis integrating Citespace and TDA tools were made. Using searching queries on “system resilience”, 10 315 articles in Web of Science database were retrieved. Then, a series of contents were examined on these publications, including: \mathrm{①}topics division on co-occurrence network of keywords; \mathrm{②}journal and co-citation analysis of highly cited papers; \mathrm{③}trends by keyword burst analysis; \mathrm{④}changing of high-frequency categories and keywords. Several findings were achieved through scientometric analysis. Firstly, research on system resilience were summarized into five basic theoretical issues, namely, research objects, changes incentives, spatial and temporal scale, and adaptive measures. Secondly, by analyzing the knowledge atlas, it is found that the theory has developed for nearly 45 years since 1973. In the past 20 years, ecosystem resilience driven by climate changes has been one of the earliest and consistent research topics, and formed a well-developed theoretical framework. Over the past ten years, research on the system resilience on community and urban scale has rapidly become a hot topic. In the past five years, adaptation strategies such as social learning and knowledge dissemination have attracted increasing attentions. Overall, improving system simulation and scenario based adaptive management analysis can build the bridge of theoretical research and adaptive management practice.     

融合三维地质体的Revit精细化基坑建模

首先通过正交试验优选出Revit基坑支护结构模型无缝连接Civil真三维地质体模型的融合方案,解决了当前Revit难以直接创建真三维地质体模型的难题;在此方案基础上,探索并总结出一系列诸如桩、锚、面层等常用基坑支护结构的精细化建模方法;最后结合实际工程案例,对基坑支护综合模型在辅助设计方面做了BIM理念下的初步应用研究：周边环境条件三维具现与漫游展示,支护结构与周边已建地下预制桩碰撞检查,工程量精确统计,不同支护结构空间交界节点设计优化,地下水位面、软弱风化基岩面及淤泥层三维空间展布状态剖切观察,导出可用于指导精确测量放线的二维CAD支护桩位平面图等。     

Subsurface characterization with localized ensemble Kalman filter employing adaptive thresholding

Ensemble Kalman filter, EnKF, as a Monte Carlo sequential data assimilation method has emerged promisingly for subsurface media characterization during past decade. Due to high computational cost of large ensemble size, EnKF is limited to small ensemble set in practice. This results in appearance of spurious correlation in covariance structure leading to incorrect or probable divergence of updated realizations. In this paper, a universal/adaptive thresholding method is presented to remove and/or mitigate spurious correlation problem in the forecast covariance matrix. This method is, then, extended to regularize Kalman gain directly. Four different thresholding functions have been considered to threshold forecast covariance and gain matrices. These include hard, soft, lasso and Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation (SCAD) functions. Three benchmarks are used to evaluate the performances of these methods. These benchmarks include a small 1D linear model and two 2D water flooding (in petroleum reservoirs) cases whose levels of heterogeneity/nonlinearity are different. It should be noted that beside the adaptive thresholding, the standard distance dependant localization and bootstrap Kalman gain are also implemented for comparison purposes. We assessed each setup with different ensemble sets to investigate the sensitivity of each method on ensemble size. The results indicate that thresholding of forecast covariance yields more reliable performance than Kalman gain. Among thresholding function, SCAD is more robust for both covariance and gain estimation. Our analyses emphasize that not all assimilation cycles do require thresholding and it should be performed wisely during the early assimilation cycles. The proposed scheme of adaptive thresholding outperforms other methods for subsurface characterization of underlying benchmarks.     

基于自适应量子遗传算法的地震重定位及其在山东地区的应用

将自适应量子遗传算法引入到地震定位中,通过多种数值试验证明了算法的有效性,同时也具有较强的全局搜索能力和抗噪能力.即使用于定位的台站数目较少且分布不理想,该算法通过多次反演求取平均值仍然能得到令人满意的结果.另外,利用多次数值试验估测的自适应量子遗传算法的定位精度较高,误差较小.将自适应量子遗传算法应用于山东省及邻区的地震重定位,均方根残差由重定位前的1.162s减小到重定位后的0.621s,重定位后的地震大多位于中上地壳,震源深度小于20km.通过对各剖面震源分布的分析,发现山东省及邻区地震主要受控于区域内的深大走滑断裂,且中强震多发生在高/低速异常体周围,尤以高低速异常过渡地带频发.     

基于自适应网格的仿真型有限差分地震波数值模拟

在复杂山地和复杂海底条件下,地表和海底的剧烈起伏对地震波数值模拟提出了更高的要求.常规有限差分法采用矩形网格对模型进行网格剖分,由于矩形网格自身的限制,起伏地表或起伏海底只能由一系列阶梯状折线代替,从而引起人为虚假绕射波.此外,在模拟液-固界面的反射波时,如果界面与网格线不一致,则需要更密的网格才能得到精确的结果.为了解决上述问题,本文将自适应网格生成技术引入到起伏海底速度模型的网格剖分中,采用高阶仿真型有限差分法(MFD)对曲线坐标下的声波方程波进行了数值模拟.利用自适应网格生成技术对速度模型进行网格剖分不仅可以准确地描述模型边界,而且可以有效消除虚假绕射波.高阶仿真型有限差分法可以有效压制频散提高计算精度.模型试算结果表明,本文方法对复杂海底模型具有很好的适应性.     

地面重力数据结合GPS/水准数据精化兴城物探实验区大地水准面

区域大地水准面的确定是GPS测量常需解决的问题。目前确定大地水准面的方法主要包括重力法、GPS水准几何法及组合法,其中组合法因其精度和可靠性都较高,常用于计算高精度区域大地水准面。高精度的大地水准面模型是组合法确定区域大地水准面的关键。在我国,EGM2008全球重力场模型精度和分辨率均高于此前的所有模型,研究基于该模型的组合法大地水准面精化具有重要的实践意义。笔者以吉林大学兴城教学实习基地物探实验区为例,基于实测重力数据、EGM2008重力场模型和GPS水准数据,采用组合法精化了区域大地水准面,比较了组合法大地水准面模型和无重力实测数据的几何法大地水准面模型的精度差异,分析了该方法在物探测量中的适用性。结果表明,实验区组合法大地水准面模型精度最高达到1.2 cm,并且误差分布区间较小,总体上精度和可靠性高于对比的几何方法,并且组合法和几何法获取的两种大地水准面模型均能满足大比例尺物探测量要求。EGM2008模型精度较高,故平坦地区使用组合法时,高密度的实测重力数据可能带来高频扰动,有可能降低EGM2008重力场模型本身的精度,所以重力数据采集过程中要顾及重力点的密度和空间分布。本文方法更适用于地形复杂的地区。