关于算术-幂平均不等式的加细

证明了算术平均值与幂平均值之间可以插入无限多个广义积分的值,从而加细了算术－幂平均不等式。     

DEM精细化处理方法及工艺流程研究

随着社会和经济的快速发展,地理信息产业显现了巨大的发展潜力和无限广阔的前景。DEM作为地信产业非常重要的基础数据,不仅可用于制作数字正射影像、数字三维模型等衍生数据产品,还可以满足不同行业终端用户的应用需求。笔者在DtmExpert软件的基础上,通过对DEM精细化处理方法及工艺流程的深入研究,对传统方法进行了大量改进并应用于地理国情普查等实际生产项目中,取得了良好的效果。采用新的方法及工艺流程后,不仅提升了DEM成果的精细化程度,而且使处理效率提高了5~10倍,形成了具有一定推广价值的研究成果,产生了不错的社会效益和经济效益。     

地球物理中的反问题与不适定问题

本文讨论地球物理中的某些反问题与不适定问题。其内容如下:场的延拓与偏微分方程的不适定Cauchy问题;不适定问题稳定性的性态;线性不适定问题的正则化算法。     

Adaptive variability to low‐pH river discharges in Acartia tonsa and stress responses to high PCO2 conditions

Environmental transitions leading to spatial physical–chemical gradients are of ecological and evolutionary interest because they are able to induce variations in phenotypic plasticity. Thus, the adaptive variability to low‐pH river discharges may drive divergent stress responses [ingestion rates (IR) and expression of stress‐related genes such as Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and Ferritin] in the neritic copepod Acartia tonsa facing changes in the marine chemistry associated to ocean acidification (OA). These responses were tested in copepod populations inhabiting two environments with contrasting carbonate system parameters (an estuarine versus coastal area) in the Southern Pacific Ocean, and assessing an in situ and 96‐h experimental incubation under conditions of high pressure of CO₂ (_PCO₂ 1200 ppm). Adaptive variability was a determining factor in driving variability of copepods' responses. Thus, the food‐rich but colder and corrosive estuary induced a traits trade‐off expressed as depressed IR under in situ conditions. However, this experience allowed these copepods to tolerate further exposure to high _PCO₂ levels better, as their IRs were on average 43% higher than those of the coastal individuals. Indeed, expression of both the Hsp70 and Ferritin genes in coastal copepods was significantly higher after acclimation to high _PCO₂ conditions. Along with other recent evidence, our findings confirm that adaptation to local fluctuations in seawater pH seems to play a significant role in the response of planktonic populations to OA‐associated conditions. Facing the environmental threat represented by the inter‐play between multiple drivers of climate change, this biological feature should be examined in detail as a potential tool for risk mitigation policies in coastal management arrangements.     

Two-stage decision-making under uncertainty and stochasticity: Bayesian Programming

This paper develops a new method for decision-making under uncertainty. The method, Bayesian Programming (BP), addresses a class of two-stage decision problems with features that are common in environmental and water resources. BP is applicable to two-stage combinatorial problems characterized by uncertainty in unobservable parameters, only some of which is resolved upon observation of the outcome of the first-stage decision. The framework also naturally accommodates stochastic behavior, which has the effect of impeding uncertainty resolution. With the incorporation of systematic methods for decision search and Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian analysis, BP addresses limitations of other decision-analytic approaches for this class of problems, including conventional decision tree analysis and stochastic programming. The methodology is demonstrated with an illustrative problem of water quality pollution control. Its effectiveness for this problem is compared to alternative approaches, including a single-stage model in which expected costs are minimized and a deterministic model in which uncertain parameters are replaced by their mean values. A new term, the expected value of including uncertainty resolution, or EVIUR, is introduced and evaluated for the illustrative problem. It is a measure of the worth of incorporating the experimental value of decisions into an optimal decision-making framework. For the illustrative problem, the two-stage adaptive management framework extracted up to approximately 50% of the gains of perfect information. The strength and limitations of the method are discussed and conclusions are presented.     

煤矿井水位观测资料中微弱孕震信息的提取

采用自适应技术，从陶庄煤矿区鲁１５井的水位观测资料中提取了ＭＬ＝１－２矿震前微弱的前兆信息，为矿震预报提供了有用方法。     

钨铅矿在我国的发现及其晶体结构的精细修正

湖南瑶岗仙钨铝矿发现于1948年,但一直未作正式报道。最近笔者用里特弗尔德法对其进行了晶体结构的修正。瑶岗仙钨铅矿的a=b=0.544503(3)nm;c=1.20495(1)nm;α=β=γ=90°。经笔者对瑶岗仙钨铅矿晶体结构修正得到的氧原子坐标为:X=0.2637,Y=0.1137,Z=0.0706;W-O的键长为0.17826nm,O-W-O键角为123°和103°。     

无人机倾斜影像三维建模中的模型精细化

无人机倾斜影像制作三维模型,速度快、成本低,成为城市三维建模的首选。而无人机倾斜影像三维建模中,数据冗余、模型变形、影像缺失等多种问题常常会影响建模效果。本文针对无人机倾斜影像三维建模中的问题,提出了一系列相应的模型精细化处理技术,使三维模型更加形象、逼真。     

Bathymetry Inversion with the Gravity-Geologic Method: A Study of Long-Wavelength Gravity Modeling Based on Adaptive Mesh

Modeling of long-wavelength gravity anomaly is crucial for bathymetry inversion with a gravity-geologic method. We propose a new method, named as iGGM, to approximate the long-wavelength gravity anomalies by using a finite element method based on an adaptive triangular mesh which is constructed by uneven control points. The mesh size is suitably controlled to ensure that there are several control points in each grid. By using iGGM, the bathymetry in the South China Sea (Test Area #1: 112°E–119°E, 12°N–20°N) and East China Sea (Test Area #2: 125°E–130°E, 25°N–30°N) is estimated. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing the predictions with Earth topographical database 1 (ETOPO1) model and shipborne depths in the test points. Results show that the depths derived by iGGM have a strong correlation with the shipborne depths. In the test points, the mean values of their differences are smaller than 10 m. The standard deviations of their differences are smaller than 120 m and their correlation is stronger than 0.98. Meanwhile, the results provided by the iGGM model are comparable with that obtained by the ETOPO1 model, e.g., the differences between iGGM and ETOPO1 models in test points for Test Areas 1 and 2 are 116 and 70 m in standard deviation, respectively.