湿度因子对适应性观测敏感区估算的影响研究

马旭林2008年的基于集合卡尔曼变换适应性观测敏感区的估算方案能得到较为合理的敏感区,但其未考虑湿度因子的影响。在原方案基础上增加了湿度因子,根据计算资料与度量标准的不同,搭建3个方案与其比较,并选用2008年年初冰冻雨雪灾害天气个例进行对比模拟试验。结果表明,原方案的敏感区较为分散,且当目标时刻与验证时刻重合时,存在虚假的信号方差大值区;加入湿度因子后能有效抑制虚假敏感区,改进度量标准后能得到较为理想的结果;若只利用湿度场进行敏感区估算,计算效果最优,在目标观测时刻所得敏感区最为集中并在目标时刻和验证时刻重合时无虚假信号方差大值区。     

Triplicity and physical characteristics of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra

To take full advantage of the September 2008 opposition passage of the M-type Asteroid (216) Kleopatra, we have used near-infrared adaptive optics (AO) imaging with the W.M. Keck II telescope to capture unprecedented high resolution images of this unusual asteroid. Our AO observations with the W.M. Keck II telescope, combined with Spitzer/IRS spectroscopic observations and past stellar occultations, confirm the value of its IRAS radiometric radius of 67.5 km as well as its dog-bone shape suggested by earlier radar observations. Our Keck AO observations revealed the presence of two small satellites in orbit about Kleopatra (see Marchis, F. et al. [2008a]. (3749) Balam. In: Green, D.W.E. (Ed.), IAU Circ. 8928; Marchis, F., Descamps, P., Berthier, J., Emery, J.P. [2008b]. S/2008 ((216)) 1 and S/2008 ((216)) 2. In: Green, D.W.E. (Ed.), IAU Circ. 8980). Accurate measurements of the satellite orbits over a full month enabled us to determine the total mass of the system to be 4.64 ± 0.02 × 10¹⁸ kg. This translates into a bulk density of 3.6 ± 0.4 g/cm³, which implies a macroscopic porosity for Kleopatra of ∼30-50%, typical of a rubble-pile asteroid. From these physical characteristics we measured its specific angular momentum, very close to that of a spinning equilibrium dumbbell.     

岩溶地区隧道施工综合预报技术案例分析

由于岩溶地区隧道地质条件的复杂性,在隧道施工过程中实施准确及时的隧道综合地质超前预报是非常有必要的,并且对隧道内不同段落进行风险评价和风险分级,以实现和提高对岩溶隧道不良地质灾害的综合预报。此次研究以伊家岩隧道为工程背景,通过严格实施该综合超前地质预报方案,成功预报了隧道掌子面前方的岩溶,结合预报结果和实际揭露的对比分析,其综合预报准确率可到90%以上,证实了该综合预报方法具有较高的系统性和工作效率,有效地指导了隧道的安全施工,为同类工程提供了技术资料和经验。     

Institutional and substantial uncertainty—Explaining the lack of adaptability in fish stocking policy

Adaptive management implies a system in which policy and practice are constantly revised in a continuous circular process to accommodate new ecological knowledge. In the case of current fish stocking practices, there is an evident gap between science and practice indicating a lack of adaptability. While fish stocking is perceived as a solution to many problems of modern fishery management, scientific researchers warn that current practices, including introducing alien populations, seriously threaten the sustainability of fish stocks. The aim of this study was to address, explain the existence of and, finally, discuss the prospect of narrowing this gap. For this purpose, the characteristics of the policy subsystem were analyzed. The empirical findings highlight the wickedness of the policy problem. The substantial and institutional uncertainties surrounding the issue are proposed as the main reasons for the deficits in adaptability. Fish stocking decisions are made within a complex policy subsystem that involves multiple actors and policy-making institutions, conflicting goals and competing notions of the problem. Cross-coalition learning—learning between coalitions of actors with different problem definitions, forming a joint view—is a necessary and, in the case of fish stocking, lacking variable in the adaptive management process.     

面向对象的精细化建模分析

本文首先利用像片与点云融合建模的技术方法,提出了面向对象的精细化建模思路,从数据采集、数据处理及模型生产3个阶段对某一景观小品进行了实践与探索。然后通过对比分析,得出不同类别传感器所获取的数据在模型成果中的优缺点。最后利用点云与像片融合建模的技术,解决了实景模型几何结构粗糙、纹理差的问题,为小尺度规划工作提供了可参考的基础数据。     

高光谱红外传感器在轨光谱定标

高光谱红外传感器高精度在轨光谱定标是红外遥感定量反演及应用的重要前提.本文针对大气红外探测仪AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)的观测数据,分析传感器等效入瞳亮温与大气透过率光谱中的吸收线特征,基于NODD和包络线去除的光谱归一化处理,融合多种光谱匹配算法构建非线性代价函数,提出了一种...     

基于Contourlet域自适应Wiener阈值的同时震源波场分离

同时震源数据包含了多炮之间的串扰噪声,不能直接用于常规数据处理流程.因此,需要对混叠的波场进行分离得到常规采集的单炮记录.本文基于稀疏迭代反演分离,提出了一种具有尺度与空间自适应的Wiener阈值选取方法.该阈值选取方法能够根据不同迭代环境计算不同尺度下串扰噪声的方差和不同空间位置有效信号的方差,从而自适应调整阈值大小,最终通过对变换域系数进行收缩来达到去除串扰噪声的目的.理论模型数据和实际数据测试结果表明,本文方法能够快速有效地压制串扰噪声和保护弱有效信号,取得了比Contourlet域子带一致Wiener阈值方法和Curvelet域指数衰减阈值方法更好的分离效果.     

A fast tracking mirror for adaptive optics

A piezo driven tilt mirror was developed and built as one component of an image motion compensation system for a solar telescope. The bandwidth of the mirror with a diameter of 60 mm is about 1 kHz with negligible phase shift between input signal and mirror response up to 900 Hz. The tilt range is 1.6 mrad. Special care was taken to maintain the surface quality of the mirror to better than /15 after fixing it to the substrate.     

波阻抗映射法外推

首先介绍了自适应滤波的方法和波阻抗映射法外推的基本原理．在小反射系数的假设条件下推导了对数波阻抗和地震道之间近似为线性映射的关系,应用自适应滤波的方法可以实现这种映射．实际资料的试算结果表明,该方法能够提供分辨率明显高于常规方法的波阻抗或层速度剖面,并与测井资料较吻合．因此,它作为测井约束反演的补充手段,是一种可用于开发地震的新方法．最后讨论了映射法波阻抗反演的局限性．     

Crowdsourced Delphis: Designing solutions to complex environmental problems with broad stakeholder participation

There is a well-established need for increased stakeholder participation in the generation of adaptive management approaches and specific solutions to complex environmental problems. However, integrating participant feedback into current science, research, and decision-making processes is challenging. This paper presents a novel approach that marries a rigorous Delphi method, borrowed from policy and organizational sciences, with contemporary “crowdsourcing” to address the complex problems of water pollution exacerbated by climate change in the Lake Champlain Basin. In an online Delphi forum that occurred over a six-week period during the Spring of 2014, fifty-three participants proposed and commented on adaptive solutions to address water quality in the context of climate change. In a follow up Multi-Stakeholder workshop, thirty-eight stakeholders participated in refining and synthesizing the results from the forum. To inform modeling and policy dialogue, the resulting list of interventions was analyzed by time horizon, domain, type of adaptation action, and priority level. The interventions suggested by stakeholders within the crowdsourcing forum have contributed to the current policy dialogue in Vermont including legislation to address phosphorus loading to Lake Champlain. This stakeholder approach strengthens traditional modeling scenario development to include solutions and priorities that have been collectively refined and vetted.