SARS预测的SI模型和分段SI模型

介绍及建立了对SARS(Severe acute respiratory syndrome)临床诊断累计病例预测的非线性增长模型：SI(Susceptible and infective)模型和分段SI模型，并对北京SARS累计病例进行了预测。分段SI模型转变点的95％的置信区间在4月21日、22日和23日内，表明我国政府采取了有力措施后，4月24日以后，SARS病例的增长率发生显著变化。     

颈椎间盘膨、突出症CT影像与CR影像分析

目的：通过CT与CR检查分析，进一步提高对颈椎间盘膨，突出症的影像认识。材料与方法：100例患者均行CT与CR检查，个别病例行CTM检查，结果 因颈椎间隙通常比胸腰椎间隙窄，CT扫描受扫描层数的限制，致使颈椎间盘显示不够完全，但CT摄影是比较简便的方法，而且是有价值的诊断方法。结论：对CT与CR两种影像检查方法进行分析，能够加深对颈椎间盘膨，突出症的影像认识，并结合临床症状，病史，做出准确的诊断。     

Differences in the acute toxicities of tributyltin between the Caprellidea and the Gammaridea (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Tests for the acute toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) were conducted on amphipod crustaceans collected from Otsuchi Bay, Japan. Five species of caprellids and three species of gammarids, which belong to a closely related ecological niche, were used for the exposure experiments at seven test concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 microg TBTCl/l) for 48 h at 20 degrees C. The 48-h LC50 values of the caprellids were 1.2-6.6 microg TBTCl/l, and these were significantly lower than those of the gammarids (17.8-23.1 microg TBTCl/l). This suggests that caprellids are more sensitive to TBT than gammarids. Furthermore, the proportions of TBT and its derivatives, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were measured in the amphipods collected from Otsuchi Bay. In the caprellids, TBT was the predominant compound, accounting for 72% of the total butyltin which reflected the butyltin ratio in seawater, while in the gammarids, TBT's breakdown products (DBT and MBT) predominated, accounting for 75% of the total butyltin. This difference suggests that caprellids may have lower metabolic capacity to degrade TBT than gammarids. Therefore, the difference in sensitivity to TBT among the amphipods is thought to be related to the species-specific capacity to metabolize TBT.     

CHIMEHERB—人工皮肤的毒理学试验

用CHIMEHERB人工皮肤对小白鼠和大白鼠等实验动物分别以10.20g/kg,9.60g/kg,2.98g/kg和0.96g/kg的口服剂量进行了急性毒性和长期毒性试验,结果指出:对动物的行为,体重、肝、肾等内脏器官的功能未发现任何中毒现象.对皮肤的刺激和过敏试验也证实无任何反应.     

Changes of Acute Toxicity of Organic Chemicals to Daphnia magna in the Presence of Dissolved Humic Material (DHM)

With a series of substituted anilines, a series of substituted phenols as well as diazinon and tetrabromobisphenol-A alterations of short-term acute toxicity to the waterflea Daphnia magna have been studied in the presence of dissolved humic material (DHM). The results may be categorised as follows: No alteration in acute toxicity occurred with: tetrabromobisphenol-A, o-toluidine, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and pentachlorophenol. Toxicity decreases significantly with: diazinon, 4-chloroaniline, and 4-nitrophenol. Significant toxicity increases were observed with 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. As demonstrated for diazinon, our study reveals that in the presence of DHM and light the chemical speciation of this chemical is altered and daughter products are produced most likely via photoactive species of DHM. Most probably the toxicity of both the parent and daughter compounds is changed as well. Alterations in acute toxicity of organic chemicals may thus be attributed to the adsorption to DHM as well as to the photoactive species mediated production of daughter products with toxicity different from that of the parent compounds.     

颅脑外伤的CT诊断

本文对３０２例颅脑外伤进行了分析，其小脑挫裂伤６１例（２０．２％），硬膜下血肿４９例（１６．２％）硬膜外血肿４３例（１４．２％），复合血肿４１例（１３．６％）。作者认为颅脑外伤是一种常见且危害性极大的疾患，无创伤性的ＣＴ扫描诊断则有定位，定性、定量准确之优点，可给临床治疗提供准确依据，从而减少了手术或其它不合理的治疗。     

Comparative toxic effects of copper-based nanoparticles and their microparticles in Daphnia magna by using natural freshwater media

Copper-based nanoparticles (NPs) are being widely used in different application fields and their health impacts to aquatic environments represent a current concern. Few studies are available about their comparative toxicity with their bulks and ions under natural exposition in aquatic organisms. Thus, the toxicity of Cu and CuO NPs and their microparticle and ionic forms was assayed in the acute immobilisation test of Daphnia magna by using freshwater media. Electronic microscopy, laser doppler velocimetry, and dynamic laser scattering methodologies were used to NPs characterisation. The results indicated that CuNPs and CuONPs were more toxic than their microparticles. Among NPs, CuNPs showed higher toxicity than CuONPs. Copper-based nanoparticles showed similar hydrodynamic particle size and were agglomerated in culture media, suggesting toxic-ionic release relationship and corroborated by the high toxicity induced by CuSO₄. Additionally, water chemistry of natural freshwater used in the experiments also favoured the ion release of these NPs.     

颅脑外伤手术前后CT影像分析

对比颅脑外本文收集颅脑外患者患者１００例,大部分在伤后１小时九小时内作ＣＴ扫描目的是提高地颅 外伤手术前后ＣＴ表现变化的认识,使病人得到及时有效治疗。材料和方法：收集颅脑外伤手术患者１０６例,伤后１小时至１３天作ＣＴ检查,大部分在外伤后娄一部例在手术后１０天内ＣＴＴ昨查１次以上。均采用颅骨钻引流或去骨瓣减压术。将手术前后ＣＴ表现进行对比影像分析。结果：单纯硬膜外血肿,术后出现脑挫裂伤较少,且程度较     

颅脑外伤CT扫描护理技术分析

目的:本文分析总结颅脑外伤病人CT扫描的护理及扫描技术要点。材料与方法:对9600例颅脑外伤病人在做CT检查前的护理技术及扫描技术进行了回顾性分析总结,了解伤后脑内改变对诊断和治疗有着重要作用,总结了颅脑外伤CT扫描的护理技术的9项要点。结论:CT是诊断颅脑外伤的首选方法,它不仅能够明确颅脑外伤的范围,也是判断可否进行外科手术的重要指证。CT检查的护理技术及扫描技术是确保外伤患者CT检查顺利的关键。