西藏阿翁错地区早白垩世花岗闪长岩——班公湖—怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减证据

对拉萨地块北部阿翁错地区花岗闪长岩进行了年龄分析、岩石地球化学研究。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年测得花岗闪长岩U-Pb年龄为(114.4±1.9) Ma,属于早白垩世晚期岩浆活动的产物。花岗闪长岩地球化学特征表明,其具有典型镁安山岩/闪长岩(MA)的地球化学特征,所有样品均具有较高Mg~#值(45.42～54.29),低的TFeO~*/MgO值(1.58～2.26);所有样品都显示轻稀土元素富集,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素的特征。研究表明,阿翁错花岗闪长岩是班公湖—怒江洋壳在俯冲消减背景下,由俯冲洋壳脱水熔融产生的溶体与地幔橄榄岩发生交代作用的产物,为晚中生代班公湖—怒江洋盆的南向俯冲消减提供了直接的岩石学、地球化学、年代学证据。     

广西佛子冲铅锌矿田火成岩的时空序列及其对成矿时限的约束

广西佛子冲铅锌矿田火成岩的主要岩石类型有花岗岩、花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩（石英闪长岩）、花岗闪长斑岩、少斑花岗斑岩、英安斑岩和凝灰岩等。本文共进行了14件火成岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,其中大冲石英闪长岩侵位于海西期二叠纪（（256.8±2.0）Ma）,糯垌岩体（（152.6±1.2）Ma）和广平岩体（（152.9±2.9）Ma）形成于燕山早期晚侏罗世,花岗斑岩、少斑花岗斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩、英安斑岩和火山角砾凝灰岩形成于燕山晚期早白垩世（约100 Ma）。结合前人的研究成果及14件火成岩样品的测年结果,构建该区火成岩的年代学序列,确定其侵位时代主要集中在志留纪（约440 Ma）、二叠纪末期（约256 Ma）、晚侏罗世（约152 Ma）、早白垩世晚期（约100 Ma）。根据佛子冲铅锌矿的空间展布、矿体特征以及与火成岩的关系,确定花岗斑岩为成矿地质体,进而限定其成矿时代为早白垩世晚期（约100 Ma）。     

青海省刚察地区高镁安山岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年代学及构造意义

基于青海省刚察地区1：5万电泵站等4幅区调项目,在拉脊山蛇绿构造混杂岩带药水泉组中识别一套玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩类岩石组合,其岩相学、岩石地球化学特征与高镁安山岩相类似.岩石斑晶以斜长石和辉石为主,不含橄榄石,基质也含有大量的斜长石.岩石地球化学特征表现为K₂O+Na₂O含量2.55%~5.15%,Na₂O > K₂O,K₂O含量0.22%~0.82%,为低钾;CaO含量5.31%~11.41%,TiO₂含量0.27%~0.55%,变化范围较小;MgO含量为5.78%~11.06%,变化范围不大.总体具有低硅、钛、钾,高钙、镁,富钠之特征.稀土配分曲线为右倾斜状,多呈铕正异常,为轻稀土富集型.微量元素Rb、Ba、Th、Cr、Ni等变化幅度大,反映岩浆生成和演化过程复杂,但演变仍以部分熔融为主.选取玄武岩样品,通过LA-ICP-MS U-Pb锆石微区定年,获得了451.7±1.8 Ma年龄值,其时代为晚奥陶世.总体特征表明,刚察地区火山岩为埃达克型高镁安山岩,其构造环境为活动大陆边缘的岛弧.     

柴西北地区碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄记录的阿尔金山早新生代隆升事件

阿尔金山新生代隆升历史一直倍受关注,大量热年代学数据显示,渐新世(40~30 Ma)以来发生阶段性隆升,而新生代初期隆升的热年代学记录极少。柴达木盆地西北地区(柴西北地区)新生界碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄研究表明,其物源区单一且在新生代早期古新世中晚始新世(65~50 Ma)发生快速隆升剥露,为该区提供陆源碎屑。前人通过物源分析发现,柴西北时期的碎屑物主要来源于阿尔金山。同时,该区路乐河组下干柴沟组沉积地层残余厚度及沉积相特征表明,此时(65~50 Ma)阿尔金山存在一次短暂抬升,但幅度较小,与盆地高差不大,使柴西地区地形东高西低、北高南低。结合前人研究成果,本研究锆石裂变径迹热年代学数据以及沉积学指标所记录的阿尔金山东段65~50 Ma构造隆升事件,是对新生代印度欧亚板块碰撞的最初响应,也为青藏高原新生代隆升具有南北同步性提供了新的证据。     

Area-scale landslide hazard and risk assessment

The paper deals with a methodology for quantitative landslide hazard and risk assessments over wide-scale areas. The approach was designed to fulfil the following requirements: (1) rapid investigation of large study areas; (2) use of elementary information, in order to satisfy the first requirement and to ensure validation, repetition and real time updating of the assessments every time new data are available; (3) computation of the landslide frequency of occurrence, in order to compare objectively different hazard conditions and to minimize references to qualitative hazard attributes such as activity states. The idea of multi-temporal analysis set forth by Cardinali et al. (Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 2:57–72, 2002), has been stressed here to compute average recurrence time for individual landslides and to forecast their behaviour within reference time periods. The method is based on the observation of the landslide activity through aerial-photo surveys carried out in several time steps. The output is given by a landslide hazard map showing the mean return period of landslides reactivation. Assessing the hazard in a quantitative way allows for estimating quantitatively the risk as well; thus, the probability of the exposed elements (such as people and real estates) to suffer damages due to the occurrence of landslides can be calculated. The methodology here presented is illustrated with reference to a sample area in Central Italy (Umbria region), for which both the landslide hazard and risk for the human life are analysed and computed. Results show the powerful quantitative approach for assessing the exposure of human activities to the landslide threat for a best choice of the countermeasures needed to mitigate the risk.An erratum to this article can be found at     

天山西部树轮年表的响应函数

本使用响应函数分析技术，研究新疆伊犁地区树年表中的气候信息量，得出一些有益的结论，这对于认识该区气候对森林的影响，以及在温湿气候区树木年轮中提取气候信息会有所帮助。     

Review in Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology: Data Acquisition,Analysis and Comparison

The U-Pb chronology of detritus zircon is an important method to explore sediment provenance, which is widely used in sedimentology, geotectonics, geomorphology and other fields. This paper reviewed the recent progress of the U-Pb chronology of detrital zircon from three aspects: data acquisition, analysis and comparison. In terms of data acquisition, the sample preparation method, isotope age data selection and test quantity were expounded from the basic principle; In terms of data analysis, the data visualization methods of Probability Density Plot (PDP), Kernel Density Estimate (KDE) and Cumulative Age Distribution (CAD) were compared; In terms of data comparison, the basic algorithm and application advantages of quantitative comparison were analyzed with examples, including (dis)similarity measures based on non-parametric hypothesis tests (K-S test), (dis)similarity measures based on age spectrum comparison (Cross-correlation coefficients) and (dis)similarity measures based on Multi-Dimensional Scali (MDS). Finally, three commonly used software tools were introduced. Suggestions were given in terms of data acquisition, analysis and comparison for future research.     

川西塔公松林口岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

松林口岩体出露于松潘—甘孜造山带东缘,紧邻甲基卡超大型稀有金属伟晶岩型锂矿床,为确定松林口岩体侵位时代与物质来源,探讨该岩体与甲基卡成矿岩体的地球化学和含矿性差异,本文对采集的11件岩体样品,采用X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法（LA-ICP-MS）和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法（MC-ICP-MS）,对岩石的主量和微量元素组成、锆石U-Pb年龄和锆石Lu-Hf同位素进行分析。结果表明：松林口岩体中富含闪长质暗色包体,SiO₂含量介于56.56%~68.99%之间,全碱含量3.78%~6.82%,K₂O/Na₂O=1.02~1.93,里特曼指数σ=1.01~1.93,Mg^#值总体为46.73~61.27,岩石属于高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩系列,具有轻稀土富集的特点,LREE/HREE=2.67~8.31,La_N/Yb_N值为2.11~9.74,所有岩石样品均具有明显的负Eu异常;总体上松林口岩体及其包体富集LILE元素,Ta、Nb、P、Ti等HFSE元素相对亏损。松林口边部花岗闪长岩、中部二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为212.6±1.0Ma（MSWD=0.55）、222.4±1.1Ma（MSWD=0.39）,岩浆侵位时代为晚三叠世;二长花岗岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素结果ε_Hf（t）介于-9.09~-6.86,二阶段模式年龄（T^C_DM）在1524.874~1666.002Ma之间,岩体物质来源是中元古代扬子克拉通基底物质部分熔融,并混有部分富集上地幔物质。甲基卡S型花岗岩为上地壳部分熔融形成的,与松林口岩体属不同的物质来源,且岩浆演化程度和成矿构造条件不同,这可能是松林口岩体不具有锂稀有金属成矿的主要原因。     

赣南印支期中硫化型浅成低温热液银矿床的发现和意义

近年,在中国赣南的会昌县年坑地区新发现一浅成低温热液银矿床,其矿体赋存在隐爆角砾岩筒内,隐爆角砾岩的胶结物由富锰碳酸盐类矿物(含锰白云石-锰白云石-菱锰矿-含锰方解石)-石英-白云母-含银硫盐(黝铜矿-硫银锗矿)-硫化物(辉银矿、方铅矿、半透明闪锌矿和黄铁矿)-自然银组成,成矿具有中硫化型特征.年代学研究表明,年坑银矿...     

辽宁省丹东地区“前震旦纪”侵入岩的锆石U-Pb 年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

本文对辽东南丹东地区部分原定前震旦纪侵入岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以便对其岩石成因和区域构造演化给予制约.详细的岩石学和岩相学研究表明,四个侵入岩体岩性分别为二长花岗岩、角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和角闪辉长岩.所选样品中锆石均呈半自形-自形晶形、阴极发光图像显示具有成分生长环带或条痕状吸收特点,结合其高的Th/U比值(0.53 ～2.40)和亏损轻稀土元素(LREEs)、相对富集重稀土元素(HREEs)以及负Eu异常和正Ce异常等特征,表明其典型岩浆成因特点.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,它们均形成于早白垩世(峰期为126Ma).岩石学和地球化学分析结果显示,研究区早白垩世侵入岩具有双峰式岩浆作用特点,其中花岗质岩石SiO2=66.99％～73.13％,K2O=3.52％～4.67％,K2O/Na2O=1.01～1.43,MgO=0.45％～2.61％,Mg#值为29～56,Al2O3=13.97％ ～ 14.92％,富集LREEs和大粒子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损HREEs和高场强元素(HFSEs),暗示其具有I型花岗岩特点,岩浆应起源于下地壳的部分熔融;而角闪辉长岩SiO2=50.22％,MgO=10.61％,Mg#值为69,Cr(196×10-6)、Co(44.8×10-6)、Ni(73.4×10-6)含量较高,富集LREEs和LILEs,亏损HREEs和Nb、Ta、Ti等HFSEs,暗示其岩浆应起源于受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔楔.结合区域地质资料表明,辽东南丹东地区早白垩世侵入岩应形成于类似弧后盆地的伸展环境,其形成应与古太平洋板块北西向向欧亚大陆之下的俯冲作用相联系.