Recent environmental changes in Laguna Mar Chiquita (central Argentina): a sedimentary model for a highly variable saline lake

Abstract Laguna Mar Chiquita, a highly variable closed saline lake located in the Pampean plains of central Argentina, is presently the largest saline lake in South America (≈ 6000 km²). Recent variations in its hydrological budget have produced dry and wet intervals that resulted in distinctive lake level fluctuations. Results of a multiproxy study of a set of sedimentary cores indicate that the system has clearly recorded these hydrological variations from the end of the Little Ice Age (≈ ad 1770) to the present. Sedimentological and geochemical data combined with a robust chronology based on ²¹⁰Pb profiles and historical data provide the framework for a sedimentary model of a lacustrine basin with highly variable water depth and salinity. Lake level drops and concurrent increases in salinity promoted the development of gypsum–calcite–halite layers and a marked decrease in primary productivity. The deposits of these dry stages are evaporite‐bearing sediments with a low organic matter content. Conversely, highstands are recorded as diatomaceous organic matter‐rich muds. Average bulk sediment accumulation rose from 0·22 g cm^?2 year^?1 in lowstands to 0·32 g cm^?2 year^?1 during highstands. These results show that Laguna Mar Chiquita is a good sensor of high‐ and low‐frequency changes in the recent hydrological budget and, therefore, document climatic changes at middle latitudes in south‐eastern South America. Dry conditions were mostly dominant until the last quarter of the twentieth century, when a humid interval without precedent during the last 240 years of the lake's recorded history started. Thus, it is an ideal system to model sedimentary and geochemical response to environmental changes in a saline lacustrine basin.     

Late Quaternary stratigraphy and geochronology of the western Killpecker Dunes, Wyoming, USA

New stratigraphic and geochronologic data from the Killpecker Dunes in southwestern Wyoming facilitate a more precise understanding of the dune field’s history. Prior investigations suggested that evidence for late Pleistocene eolian activity in the dune field was lacking. However, luminescence ages from eolian sand of ∼15,000 yr, as well as Folsom (12,950-11,950 cal yr B.P.) and Agate Basin (12,600-10,700 cal yr) artifacts overlying eolian sand, indicate the dune field existed at least during the latest Pleistocene, with initial eolian sedimentation probably occurring under a dry periglacial climate. The period between ∼13,000 and 8900 cal yr B.P. was characterized by relatively slow eolian sedimentation concomitant with soil formation. Erosion occurred between ∼8182 and 6600 cal yr B.P. on the upwind region of the dune field, followed by relative stability and soil formation between ∼5900 and 2700 cal yr B.P. The first of at least two latest Holocene episodes of eolian sedimentation occurred between ∼2000 and 1500 yr, followed by a brief (∼500 yr) episode of soil formation; a second episode of sedimentation, occurring by at least ∼700 yr, may coincide with a hypothesized Medieval warm period. Recent stabilization of the western Killpecker Dunes likely occurred during the Little Ice Age (∼350-100 yr B.P.). The eolian chronology of the western Killpecker Dunes correlates reasonably well with those of other major dune fields in the Wyoming Basin, suggesting that dune field reactivation resulted primarily due to departures toward aridity during the late Quaternary. Similar to dune fields on the central Great Plains, dune fields in the Wyoming Basin have been active under a periglacial climate during the late Pleistocene, as well as under near-modern conditions during the latest Holocene.     

秦—昆三向联结构造及其构造过程的同位素年代学证据

同属中央造山系的西秦岭和东昆仑两造山带之间的衔接转换关系，长期以来一直是有关中国中央造山系研究中的一个争论的焦点。本文在前人对发育于两造山带衔接区的布青山、阿尼玛卿以及苦海—赛什塘3条蛇绿构造混杂带大量研究的基础上，通过进一步的调查以及同位素年代学研究发现，这3条蛇绿构造混杂带并非相互独立存在，它们在物质组成、结构构造、几何形态、同位素年代学特征上构成较为典型的三向联结构造，即秦—昆三向联结构造。该构造系统基本经历了自泥盆纪的GGG型经石炭纪一二叠纪的RRA型到二叠纪晚期的SSS型三向联结构造类型的时空转化过程．最终在晚三叠世时期结束并使西秦岭与东昆仑完成了有机的衔接。     

New Chronological Evidence for Indosinian Diagenetic Mineralization in Eastern Xinjiang, NW China

1 IntroductionMineralization in E. Xinjiang constitutes an importantpart of the Mid-Asian Metallogenetic Province. A greatdeal of nonferrous, ferrous, rare and noble metaldeposits of different genetic types and ages were formedduring different crustal evolution stages and werecontrolled by regional tectonic evolution. Large-scalemineralization of metallic deposits and relatedmagmatism mainly occurred during the Carboniferous toPermian periods (Li et al., 1998; Ji et al., 1999; Mao etal., 2…     

电导法测定HCl在水和异丙醇混合溶剂中的活度系数

应用电导法测定了HCl在水和异丙醇混合溶剂中的活度系数,讨论了电解质溶液活度系数与温度和浓度的关系。     

盐酸-硫酸镍混合溶液热力学性质

在HCl-NiSO4-H2 O混合溶液中 ,以标准氢电极和银—氯化银电极组成无液接电池 ,恒定溶液总离子强度I和NiSO4在溶液中的离子强度分数yB 的条件下 ,在 2 78 1 5～ 3 2 3 1 5K温度范围内测定下列电池的电动势Pt,H2 ( 1 0 1 3 2 5kPa) |HCl(mA) ,NiSO4(mB) ,H2 O|AgCl-Ag由于体系存在硫酸的二级解离 ,应用数学迭代方法确定平衡体系氢离子的浓度 ,计算了混合溶液中HCl的活度系数γA,结果表明 ,在溶液总离子强度保持恒定时 ,HCl的活度系数服从Harned规则。在溶液组成恒定时 ,盐酸的活度系数logγA 对热力学温度l/T作图 ,是一条直线     

Elementary Research on Activity Behavior of the Crust in Funan-Huoqiu Area, Southern Border of the North China Active Block Region

1.ESSENTIAL GEOLOGIC GEOMORPHIC CHARACTERIN THE STUDIDED REGIONThe studied region of the paper,the Funan-Huoqiu area,extends across the Jianghuai hills andHuaibei plain of Anhui Province,located in the south border area of the North China active blockregi…     

The age of SNC meteorites and the antiquity of the Martian surface

We report new Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, and Pb-Pb mineral and whole-rock isotope data for the basaltic shergottite Zagami, as well as Pb-Pb whole-rock isotope data for the basaltic shergottite Los Angeles, the lherzolitic shergottite Dar-al-Gani 476 (DaG 476), and the clinopyroxenite Nakhla. In agreement with previous findings, our new Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf mineral ages on the Martian meteorite Zagami are young (155 and 185 Ma, respectively). The ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb-²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁶Pb compositions of the insoluble fractions of shergottites (Zagami, Los Angeles, and literature data for Shergotty and EETA79001) form an excellent alignment indicative of a 4.0 Ga crystallization age. The range of Pb isotope compositions observed in the leachates of these samples attests to negligible contamination of the shergottites by terrestrial Pb and argues against mixing relationships. The age of 4.048 ± 0.017 Ga (MSWD = 1.5) provided by the Pb isotope compositions of the Zagami whole-rock and residues is therefore taken to date the crystallization of this rock, which, so far, was believed to be only ∼ 180 Ma old. Based on this result, we argue that the lithosphere of Mars is extremely old and that most mineral ages were reset recently by acidic aqueous solutions percolating through the Martian surface. This interpretation is consistent with photographic interpretations of erosional features on Mars. It also relieves the constraint imposed by the presence of anomalies of ¹⁴²Nd and ¹⁸²W (both products of extinct radioactive nuclides) that the Martian mantle should have preserved primordial isotopic heterogeneities, thus allowing for the planet interior to be actively convecting.     

Geochronology of Ailaoshan-Jinshajiang alkalirich intrusive rocks and their Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics

Twenty-nine isotopic ages, ranging from 41 to 27 Ma, are presented for the alkali-rich intrusive rocks and their coexisting alkaline volcanic rocks, lamprophyres and acidic porphyries, indicating that they are Tertiary in age. The alkali-rich intrusive rocks have¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios from 0. 512 415 to 0. 512 544, and⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from 0.705 4 to 0.706 8, suggesting that their material originates from an enriched mantle source. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Special Grant of the President of Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

加速器质谱计在第四纪年代学研究中的应用

介绍了加速器质谱计测试长寿命宇宙成因核素＾１０Ｂｅ，＾３６Ｃｌ，＾３２Ｓｉ，＾１４Ｃ，＾４１Ｃａ，＾１２９Ｉ的基本原理，根据国内外资料以及自己的研究成果，着重讨论了ＡＭＳ在第四纪地质年代学，古环境示踪，气候变化等研究领域的应用和前景。