祁连山中部树木年轮宽度与气候因子的响应关系及气候重建

研究了祁连山中部不同海拔高度青海云杉的树轮宽度对气候因子的响应,重建了祁连山中部 230 a以来春季3~5月的降水和 170 a以来夏季6~8月的气温序列。结果分析发现,不同高度的云杉树轮生长对春季降水极为敏感,呈现显著正相关;对夏季气温的响应程度,各海拔高度却不相同,夏季气温对上、下限云杉生长有显著影响,但对于森林中部云杉作用并不明显,总体表现为负相关,夏季高温对树木生长不利。气候重建结果发现,祁连山中部的春季230 a以来经历了大幅度长阶段的干湿变化,存在明显的 69 a和 21a周期;170 a以来夏季气温变化频繁,存在明显的2~4a周期。目前,祁连山中部正处于相对干旱和温暖时期,呈现出向暖干方向发展的趋势。     

滇西澜沧江构造带中段新生代多期构造变形特征及时代约束

澜沧江构造带是青藏高原东南缘保山-羌塘地块与兰坪-思茅地块之间的大型走滑剪切带。构造地质学、岩石学和40Ar-39Ar年代学研究结果表明构造带中段剪切带内部存在早期斜向挤出和晚期水平走滑的两期线理及早期指示右行韧性剪切变形、后期指示左行脆韧性剪切变形的构造指向。糜棱岩中石英晶格优选方位以中温(450~600℃)柱面a轴底面滑移系为主,叠加中低温(300~550℃)底面a轴滑移系;剪切带内云母片岩和花岗质糜棱岩中黑云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄和等时线年龄都分布于15~17Ma,反映剪切带隆升过程中脆韧性左行剪切变形阶段的时代。结合前人成果进行分析认为新生代早期保山地块和兰坪-思茅地块向南南东挤出的同时沿澜沧江构造带中段发生大规模右行斜向走滑韧性剪切作用,后期保山地块南部沿北东向畹町和南汀河左行断裂带相对中北段向北东运动,致使隆升到中上构造层次的韧性剪切带发生左行脆韧性变形。     

浙江嵊州地区陈蔡岩群变质岩的锆石年代学研究:江绍结合带对华南印支期造山运动的响应

陈蔡岩群是华夏地块西北缘的主要前寒武纪变质基底,蕴含着有关江绍结合带构造演化的丰富信息,长期为众多学者所关注。作者最近通过路线调查和地质剖面测制,将研究区"陈蔡岩群"解体为条带状黑云斜长片麻岩、侵入其中的二长花岗岩及后期基性岩脉等。黑云斜长片麻岩的锆石年龄数据可分为多组,其中以约1800 Ma、约700Ma、220 Ma三组最为集中,前者给出了片麻岩继承锆石年龄的峰值,中者给出了片麻岩原岩时代的上限,后者为变质年龄;二长花岗岩年龄为220 Ma,与前述变质年龄对应,均为印支期构造热事件,显示了江绍结合带对华南印支期造山运动的响应。     

玉树MS7.1级地震前的形变应变场变化特征

基于1999～2007年和2007～2009年的GPS站点观测数据计算的速度场,分析了青藏亚板块的运动特征.利用块体(旋转与线性应变)弹性运动公式计算可可西里-巴颜喀拉块体和羌唐块体的应变率、可可西里-玉树断裂带的运动速度和应变率,研究了玉树7.1级地震前的形变应变特征.结果表明:可可西里-巴颜喀拉块体处于青藏亚板块运...     

龙门山中、南段中-新生代隆升史:来自裂变径迹的证据

运用裂变径迹年代学方法对龙门山中、南段中生代地层内的磷灰石、锆石进行分析,并进行了热历史模拟,结果表明:①龙门山中、南段天全、怀远一带中生代地层最主要的强烈隆升阶段为喜山晚期,与该区的强烈构造运动时期相一致;②怀远镇西南侧及西侧剖面,喜山晚期强烈隆升阶段的时间自西侧的20Ma左右开始至东侧的7～5Ma开始并延续至今,开始强烈隆升的时间自西向东逐步变新;与龙门山造山带逆冲推覆作用在时空上具向东前展式渐进推覆的特点相对应;③部分地区存在163～155Ma、140～77 Ma、55～22Ma的隆升事件.     

拉萨地体内松多榴辉岩的同碰撞折返:来自构造变形和40Ar-39Ar年代学的证据

松多地区的区域构造变形与糜棱质白云母石英片岩和绿片岩的白云母单矿物40Ar-39Ar年代学测试表明拉萨地体内的松多地区于220～240 Ma经历过印支期碰撞造山事件.这次造山事件为晚二叠世松多榴辉岩带代表的古特提斯洋盆消失闭合之后北拉萨地体与南冈瓦那大陆碰撞的结果.该区榴辉岩与退变榴辉岩白云母和角闪石的40Ar-39A...     

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower–Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province, China

The demarcation of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research. Lower–Middle Triassic strata of different types, from platform to basin facies, are well developed in Southwest China. This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian–Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage. Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city, Guizhou province, six conodont zones have been recognized, which can be correlated with those in other regions, in ascending order as follows: 1, Neospathodus cristagalli Interval-Zone; 2, Neospathodus pakistanensis Interval-Zone; 3, Neospathodus waageni Interval-Zone; 4, Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Assemblage-Zone; 5, Chiosella timorensis Interval-Zone; and 6, Neogongdolella regalis Range-Zone. An evolutionary series of the Early–Middle Triassic conodont genera Neospathodus-Chiosella-Neogongdolella discovered in the Ganheqiao and Qingyan sections has an intermediate type named Neospathodus qingyanensis that appears between Neospathodus homeri and Chiosella timorensis in the upper part of the Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Zone, showing an excellent evolutionary relationship of conodonts near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Lower–Middle Triassic boundary is located at 1.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Qingyan section, whereas this boundary is located 0.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Ganheqiao section. There exists one nearly 6-m thick vitric tuff bed at the bottom of the Xinyuan Formation in the Ganheqiao section, which is usually regarded as a lithologic symbol of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary in South China. Based on the analysis of high-precision and high-sensitivity Secondary Ion Mass Spectrum data, the zircon age of this tuff has a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 239.0±2.9Ma (2s), which is a directly measured zircon U-Pb age of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary. The Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county can therefore provide an excellent section through the Lower–Middle Triassic because it is continuous, the evolution of the conodonts is distinctive and the regionally stable distributed vitric tuff near the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary can be regarded as a regional key isochronal layer. This section can be regarded not only as a standard section for the establishment of the Qingyan Stage in China, but also as a reference section for the GSSP of the Lower–Middle Triassic boundary.     

Glaciotectonised Quaternary sediments at Cape Shpindler,Yugorski Peninsula,Arctic Russia: implications for glacial history,ice movements and Kara Sea Ice Sheet configuration

The coastal cliffs of Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia, occupy a key position for recording overriding ice sheets during past glaciations in the Kara Sea area, either from the Kara Sea shelf or the uplands of Yugorski Peninsula/Polar Urals. This study on Late Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and glaciotectonic structures of the Cape Shpindler coastal cliffs records two glacier advances and two ice‐free periods older than the Holocene. During interglacial conditions, a sequence of marine to fluvial sediments was deposited. This was followed by a glacial event when ice moved southwards from an ice‐divide over Novaya Zemlya and overrode and disturbed the interglacial sediments. After a second period of fluvial deposition, under interstadial or interglacial conditions, the area was again subject to glacial overriding, with the ice moving northwards from an inland ice divide. The age‐control suggests that the older glacial event could possibly belong to marine oxygen isotope stage (MOIS) 8, Drenthe (300–250 ka), and that the underlying interglacial sediments might be Holsteinian (>300 ka). One implication of this is that relict glacier ice, buried in sediments and incorporated into the permafrost, may survive several interglacial and interstadial events. The younger glacial event recognised in the Cape Shpindler sequence is interpreted to be of Early‐to‐Middle Weichselian age. It is suggested to correlate to a regional glaciation around 90 or 60 ka. The Cape Shpindler record suggests more complex glacial dynamics during that glaciation than can be explained by a concentric ice sheet located in the Kara Sea, as suggested by recent geological and model studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Radar Observations of Taurid Complex Meteor Showers in 2003: Activity and Mass Distribution

Results of Ondřejov radar observation of Taurid complex meteor showers, i.e. ζ Perseids, β Taurids, S and N Taurids, performed in 2003, are presented. We have found some mass segregation within ζ Perseid, β Taurid and S Taurid showers. We have also established conspicuous lack of long duration echoes (with T ⩾ 3 s resp. T ⩾ 5 s) in S and N Taurid showers. The lack within remaining showers is not so pronounced but still persists.