滇东华力西期不整合面含金性

多年对滇东地质勘查和矿业开发研究中发现，区内各金矿床(体)的赋存部位，多沿被动大陆边缘华力西期不整合面分布。由于区内华力西期不整合面明显受到边缘NS两侧两条深大断裂控制，多期NE～SW向左行剪切挤压作用，使不整合面上下地块以其为差异变形轴，旋转产生多期构造剥离或错移，在不整合面上下层位中形成较发育的构造剥离空间、张裂带或板劈理带。这些略呈线型分布的构造挤压带，在地史发展过程中，卷入多期构造变形后演变成局限断裂陷槽或槽沟环境，沉积了一套有别于其它区域的岩性组合。边缘深大断裂多期次海底基性火山喷发或喷流作用。除提供了幔源、壳源含金物质和含矿热液的活化与迁移的通道外，再次卷入构造变形的这些局限断裂陷槽或槽沟又成为区域金成矿物质聚集的有利场所，含矿热液选择沉积其内或堆积其中的细碎屑岩、粘土质岩、含碳质泥质岩类、不纯碳酸盐岩进行交代与沉淀，不受层控的影响，形成了滇东沿华力西期不整合面或接触带金成矿带。     

The transition from an active to a passive margin (SW end of the South Shetland Trench, Antarctic Peninsula)

The lateral ending of the South Shetland Trench is analysed on the basis of swath bathymetry and multichannel seismic profiles in order to establish the tectonic and stratigraphic features of the transition from an northeastward active to a southwestward passive margin style. This trench is associated with a lithospheric-scale thrust accommodating the internal deformation in the Antarctic Plate and its lateral end represents the tip-line of this thrust. The evolutionary model deduced from the structures and the stratigraphic record includes a first stage with a compressional deformation, predating the end of the subduction in the southwestern part of the study area that produced reverse faults in the oceanic crust during the Tortonian. The second stage occurred during the Messinian and includes distributed compressional deformation around the tip-line of the basal detachment, originating a high at the base of the slope and the collapse of the now inactive accretionary prism of the passive margin. The initial subduction of the high at the base of the slope induced the deformation of the accretionary prism and the formation of another high in the shelf—the Shelf Transition High. The third stage, from the Early Pliocene to the present-day, includes the active compressional deformation of the shelf and the base-of-slope around the tip-line of the basal detachment, while extensional deformations are active in the outer swell of the trench.     

Shallow SH-wave seismic investigation of the Mt. Angel Fault, Northwest Oregon, USA

The Mt. Angel Fault is likely one of the most active faults near the Portland metropolitan area, and was probably associated with the 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake. SH-wave seismic techniques used to image the Mt. Angel Fault suggest that the fault offsets late Pleistocene gravel (22 to 34 ka) at several locations. Within the study area, displacement of the late Pleistocene gravel along the strike of the Mt. Angel Fault increases from no obvious displacement on the northwest to approximately 18 m on the southeast. This trend of increasing offset along the strike of the fault is paralleled by topographic and geomorphic trends. A reconnaissance geologic investigation at an anomalous bend in the Pudding River near the projected trace of the Mt. Angel Fault revealed potential tectonic deformation in sediments younger than the late Pleistocene gravel imaged by SH-wave data. The results of this study have contributed to the paleoseismic record of the Mt. Angel Fault, laid the groundwork for future geologic investigations along the Pudding River, and determined potential sites for future paleoseismic trenching investigations.     

安山质熔结凝灰岩中凹凸棒石断层岩的矿物学特征

郯庐断裂带肥东段龙山安山质熔结凝灰岩中产出一种白色断层岩。X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(TER)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子能谱仪(EDS)、X-射线荧光光谱(XRF。)等结构、形貌和成分分析证明，这些白色断层岩主要由凹凸棒石组成(含量大于90％)，属于凹凸棒石断层岩。凹凸棒石呈现40-60纳米的细长纤维，其中的少量杂质是纳米粒度的石英和钠长石。纳米粒度的石英和钠长石形态特征显示它们可能由安山质熔接凝灰岩中原生矿物机械破碎形成。这些凹凸棒石断层岩形成于火山热液活动同一期断层递进变形过程中，经历了三个阶段。首先是安山质熔结凝灰岩在断裂作用下形成碎粉岩，然后是碎粉岩在构造应力和火山热液作用下水化形成凹凸棒石，最后凹凸棒石又在断层活动晚期发生变形。     

Late Pliocene–recent tectonic setting for the Tianchi volcanic zone, Changbai Mountains, northeast China

Mafic volcanic rocks have erupted in the Tianchi volcanic zone, Changbai Mountains, northeast China, since late Pliocene time. The zone formed in an extensional environment during early-middle Cenozoic time, and in a compressional environment during late Cenozoic. Crustal thickness (about 40 km) in the Changbai Mountains is larger than the regional average of 34–36 km to the northwest and southeast. The conduit for magma upwelling was not coincident with the NE-striking regional faults, but seem to be confined to a deep-seated NW–WNW-striking fault zone. Since the late Pliocene, the Tianchi volcanic zone was subjected to crustal uplift within an intracontinental, weakly compressional environment (with minor WNW–ESE shearing) related to the westward subduction of the West Pacific plate. The nature of this volcanism is not typical of active, subduction-related continental margin volcanism. The magmatic evolutionary process evolved from trachybasalt through basaltic trachyandesite, trachyte, and pantellerite.     

Syntectonic hydrothermal calcite in a faulted carbonate platform margin (Albian of Jorrios, northern Spain)

ABSTRACT A calcite mass more than 1·5 km long and 20 m wide crops outs along the faulted margin of the Albian carbonate platform of Jorrios in northern Spain. The mass contains abundant dissolution cavities up to 7 m long and 1 m high, filled with cross‐stratified quartz sandstone and alternating sandstone–calcite laminae. Similar cavities are also present in a 50‐m‐wide zone of platform limestones adjacent to the calcite mass that are filled with limestone breccias and sandstone. The calcite mass has mean δ¹⁸O values of 19·6‰ (SMOW), whereas platform limestones have mean δ¹⁸O values of 24·4‰ (SMOW). Synsedimentary faulting of the carbonate margin and circulation of heated fault‐related waters resulted in replacement of a band of limestone by calcite. Soon after this replacement, dissolution by undersaturated fluids affected both the calcite mass and the adjacent limestones. Percolating marine quartz sand filled all dissolution cavities, sometimes alternating with precipitating calcite. The resulting cavities and fills, which recall products of meteoric diagenesis, are attributed to a hydrothermal origin based on their geometry, occurrence along the profile and synsedimentary tectonic relationships. The early faulting and diagenesis are related to local extensional tectonism in a large‐scale strike‐slip setting. Movements occurred during the early dispar/appenninica zone of the Late Albian.     

Sensitivity of seismic hazard evaluations to uncertainties determined from seismic source characterization

The sensitivity and overall uncertainty in peak ground acceleration (PGA)estimates have been calculated for the city of Tabriz, northwestern Iran byusing a specific randomized blocks design. Eight seismic hazard models andparameters with randomly selected uncertainties at two levels have beenconsidered and then a linear model between predicted PGA at a givenprobability level and the uncertainties has been performed. The inputmodels and parameters are those related to the attenuation, magnituderupture-length and recurrence relationships with their uncertainties.Application of this procedure to the studied area indicates that effects ofthe simultaneous variation of all eight input models and parameters on thesensitivity of the seismic hazard can be investigated with a decreasingnumber of computations for all possible combinations at a fixed annualprobability. The results show that the choice of a mathematical model ofthe source mechanism, attenuation relationships and the definition ofseismic parameters are most critical in estimating the sensitivity of seismichazard evaluation, in particular at low levels of probability of exceedance.The overall uncertainty in the expected PGA for an annual probability of0.0021 (10% exceedence in 50 yr) is expressed by a coefficient ofvariation (CV) of about 34% at 68% confidence level for a distance ofabout 5km from the field of the major faults. The CV will decrease withincreasing site-source distance and remains constant, CV = 15%, fordistances larger than 15 km. Finally, treating alternative models on theoverall uncertainty are investigated by additional outliers in input decision.     

Focal Fault and Stress Field of the Yao‘ an M 6.5 Earthquake on January15,2001

Using the 78 focal mechanism solutions of the fore shocks, main shock and after shocks of the earthquake sequence for the Yao'an earthquake, the characteristics of the focal faults and stress field for the earthquake sequence are analyzed. The results show that the main rupture plane of the Yao'an earthquake sequence is a tectonic fault with N50°W strike and steep dip and all the main shock, the fore shocks and the vast majority of after shocks occurred on the main rupture plane. A tectonic fracture with NNE-NE strike also participated in development process of the sequence. The focal stress field of the sequence dominated by principal compressional stress with nearly horizontal orientation SSE is consistent with the regional tectonic stress field. In the sequence development, the stress field in the focal region was complex with multi-azimuths and multi-action models and the focal rupture showed complex features with multi-directions and multi-patterns.     

福州八一水库-尚干断裂的高密度电法和瞬变电磁法试验探测

为了检验高密度电法和瞬变电磁法在城市活断层探测中的有效性 ,在福州市区及周围进行了试验探测① ,文中主要介绍对八一水库尚干断裂的探测结果。八一水库尚干断裂是一条穿过福州市区的主要断裂带 ,其主断裂在八一水库测区位于一条由新店通往古城的水泥马路东侧 ,在横向上表现为东西宽几十米的电阻率低异常带 ,在纵向上从盖层底部向下延伸到基底深处。试验表明 ,高密度电法和瞬变电磁法可以互相补充和验证 ,从而提高整体探测效果     

伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究

199年至1998年伽师地区共出现9次震级为6.1-6.8级的强震. 在一个非常短的时间间隔内和非常小的地区范围内接连出现这么多次震级非常接近的地震,确实非常罕见. 为研究伽师强震区的深部构造背景和孕震机制,本文对伽师地震区的余震观测资料进行了分析处理. 利用联合反演技术同时得到了地震震源位置和地震区地壳三维速度结构. 余震震中沿一北北东向条带分布,与强震分布的两个条带中的北东向条带位置基本重合. 三维反演得到的速度结构结果表明,在地下12 km以下存在一条北北东向和一条北北西向的低速条带. 上述两低速条带与强震分布的两个条带位置很接近. 初步推测,低速条带对应了地壳深部的两条断裂. 在我们观测期间,北北东向断裂有微震活动,北北西向断裂相对平静.