对兰州市刘家堡断层的新认识

以往兰州市的地学界和工程学界普遍认为兰州市存在一条自安宁到桑园峡纵贯兰州市区的刘家堡断层(亦称孔家崖断层),是一条隐伏的规模较大的全新世活动断裂,因而对市区工程建设有重要影响.本文通过钻探资料及对兰州市安宁区文华嘉苑场地大探槽的开挖证实,所谓"刘家堡断层"其实为一不同岩性的接触界面.     

钦杭结合带中段龙头寨群黄竹洞组地质时代的新证据:流纹岩夹层的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

为进一步查明钦(州湾)-杭(州湾)结合带中段龙头寨群的地质时代及龙头寨群黄竹洞组与上覆南迳组的接触关系,在野外考察、代表性剖面测制的基础上,对粤北始兴司前龙头寨群黄竹洞组变质岩系顶部首次发现的火山岩夹层的2个弱变质流纹岩样品进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为436.2±2.1Ma (n=15,MSWD=1.60)和438.7±2.1Ma(n=16,MSWD=1.17),指示黄竹洞组的地质时代属晚奥陶世-早志留世,为黄竹洞组的地质时代归属提供了证据。结合上覆南迳组碎斑熔岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为443.6±5.4Ma,说明黄竹洞组火山岩夹层与南迳组火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄在误差范围内一致,属同期火山活动的产物,为黄竹洞组与南迳组的接触关系属整合接触提供了时代约束。粤北龙头寨群黄竹洞组顶部火山岩及南迳组火山岩系的发现和地质时代的厘定,为钦-杭结合带中段晚奥陶世-早志留世龙头寨群属活动大陆边缘沉积提供了依据,暗示钦-杭结合带中段加里东造山带属俯冲-碰撞造山带。     

Seismic Hazard Assessment of District Mansehra,Khyber Pakhtoonkhawa,Pakistan

The site of Mansehra is located seismically in an active regime, known as the Crystalline Nappe Zone and Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis in NW Himalayas, Pakistan. Seismic Hazard Assessment （SHA） for the site has been carried out by considering the earthquake source zones, selection of appropriate attenuation equations, near fault effects and maximum potential magnitude estimation. The Mansehra Thrust, Oghi Fault, Banna Thrust, Balakot Shear Zone, Main Boundary Thrust, Panjal Thrust, Jhelum Fault and Muzaffarabad Fault and, further to the south, the Sanghargali, Nathiagali, and Thandiani Thrusts are the most critical tectonic features within the 50 km radius of Mansehra. Using the available instrumental seismological data from 1904 to 2007, SHA has been carried out. Other reactivated critical tectonic features in the area have been investigated. Among them the Balakot-Bagh fault, with the fault length of 120 km from Balakot to Poonch, has been considered as the most critical tectonic feature on the basis of geological/structural/seismological data. The potential earthquake of maximum magnitude 7.8 has been assigned to the Balakot-Bagh fault using four regression relations. The peak ground acceleration value of 0.25 g （10% probability of exceedance for 50 years） and 0.5 g has been calculated with the help of the attenuation equation using probabilistic and deterministic approaches.     

联合InSAR和GPS研究鲜水河断裂带炉霍—道孚段震间运动特征

鲜水河断裂带是位于青藏高原东侧的大型走滑断裂,地震活动性高,其炉霍—道孚段是少数观测到蠕滑现象的段落之一,但目前尚缺乏高分辨率大地测量数据的约束研究.本文综合利用InSAR和GPS观测数据研究炉霍—道孚段的运动特征,提出一种适用于研究震间形变的InSAR和GPS数据融合方法,将InSAR速度场和GPS插值速度场转换至平行断层方向,利用抽样统计方法去除GPS参考框架影响,在数据融合过程中,注重保留远场构造运动特征和近场高分辨率形变信息.建立包括浅层蠕滑、中间闭锁单元和深部滑动的断层运动模型,以融合的形变速度场为约束,利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法反演炉霍—道孚段断层滑动速率、浅层蠕滑特征和闭锁状态.InSAR速度场剖面分析结果表明：炉霍—道孚段地表蠕滑特征明显,沿走向方向存在差异,炉霍段蠕滑速率明显低于道孚段,表现出从北西至南东速率逐渐增大、减小、再次增大的变化特征,断层左旋蠕滑速率在1.0~5.2 mm·a^-1之间;断层运动模型反演结果表明,炉霍—道孚段蠕滑深度为~9.8 km,浅层蠕滑速率为3.27~4.18 mm·a^-1,断层深部滑动速率为8.12~9.30 mm·a^-1.炉霍段地震复发周期为370~410年,闭锁层厚度~1 km,地震危险性较低.道孚段地震复发周期为59~65年,存在厚度~7.5 km的闭锁区,可积累足够的应变,浅层蠕滑释放的能量为~1.32×10¹⁶ Nm·a^-1,占构造运动加载积累能量的23%~38%,1981年道孚6.9级地震以来,闭锁区近40年积累的地震矩达到3.62×10¹⁷至7.88×10¹⁷ Nm,相当于一次M_W5.6~M_W5.9地震的能量,其地震危险性值得关注.

     

印度-欧亚板块碰撞期间红河断裂带活动性的数值模拟研究

红河断裂带是一巨型走滑断裂带,在印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞过程中成为印支地块和华南地块之间相互运动的主位移带。通过有限差分数值模拟试验,结果表明,在碰撞期间,红河断裂带首先经历了左旋走滑运动,红河断裂带中央部分的左旋偏移量最大,达到约325km,印支地块向南东挤出,在5Ma BP后表现为右旋走滑,说明沿红河断裂带的剪切运动是红河断裂带西端与印度-欧亚碰撞边界之间距离的函数,随时间而减小并控制了印支地块与华南地块之间的相对运动。     

Geomorphologic evidence of the active Baza Fault (Betic Cordillera, South Spain)

The present work investigates a mountain front within the Plio-Quaternary deposits belonging to the sedimentary fill of the Guadix-Baza Basin (Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain). This 30 km-long front, developed in soft sediments and within a context of high erosion, is generated by the recent activity of the Baza Normal Fault. The mountain front is the natural limit between the western and eastern sectors, corresponding to the two sub-basins of Guadix and Baza. The two main glacis described in previous works in the area of the Baza Fault – the Old Glacis in the Guadix Sub-basin and the Recent Glacis in the Baza Sub-basin – are interpreted here as a single one, displaced by the fault. Using this Glacis as a marker we deduced that its age and the transition of the basin from endorheic to exorheic must be much older than previous estimations. The Baza Fault may be considered as one of the most active faults of the central part of the Betic Cordillera, according to the results of the general quantitative analysis of the mountain front relief using the Smf/Vf ratio and the SL index.     

中国及邻区现代地块运动的数值模拟

本文利用板块几何学的方法研究中国及邻区地块间的相对运动,用数值方法计算了地块运动的角速度及边界断层的滑动速率。计算结果与活断层数据相当吻合,本文还利用地块运动速度讨论了我国现代构造活动     

从汞异常讨论阳江——从化断裂的活动性及对孕震的影响

根据区域重砂普查圈定的辰砂分散晕和跨断层剖面壤中气汞测量结果，联系已有地震资料，讨论了阳江－－从化断裂带的活动性及汞异常与地震活动的关系。认为：沿断裂 带群集的汞民中以作为活动断裂的判别标志之一；汞沿断裂裂隙向上运移系促使断裂活动的动力因素之一；汞异常段之间的相对低值区或其外侧系地震活动的主要场所。     

青藏高原地球物理与大陆动力学研究的新进展

岩石圈地球物理探测、深部结构成像与各向异性等研究是青藏高原大陆动力学研究的基础.近年来,随着深部地球物理探测技术和反演成像技术的进步,信息提取与细节分辨能力不断提升,青藏高原壳幔结构、碰撞和隆升动力学、资源与地质灾害的深部机制等研究进展显著.本专辑收录33篇论文,主要分布在深部结构与地球物理探测、地震各向异性与变形、断裂性质与地震活动等三个主要研究领域.本文重点围绕这些论文,对近年来青藏高原地球物理研究进展进行综述.

     

Relocation of Microearthquakes in Beijing and Its Neighboring Areas and Its Tectonic Implications

The 348 microearthquakes that occurred in Beijing and its neighboring areas(39°-41°,114°-117°E)during 1979 to March of 1992 are relocated in this study.Precision of hypocenter locations is improved by rechecking and supplementing readings of arriving times of the seismic phases used,testing and selecting the appropriate crustal model,and modifying the computer program.After the relocation,the number of earthquakes with focal depth determination has been increased to 313 from the previous 132.The overall average RMS residual of the observational arrival times has been reduced to 0.45±0.18 s from the previous value of 0.80±0.40 s.Nearly 10% of the relocated hypocenters,which are mostly in border regions of the area covered by the Beijing Telemetered Seismic Network,have been shifted more than 10 km.Epicenters of the relocated earthquakes are concentrated in the intermountainous basins,such as the Huai'an,Xuanhua,Huailai,and Zhuolu basins,and are related with the basin boundary faults between mountai