高分辨率卫星数据在矿山开发状况及环境监测中的应用效果比较

以著名钨矿生产基地———江西省崇义县为实验区,对QUICKBIRD和SPOT-5数据在南方高植被覆盖山区矿产资源开发状况及其引发的环境问题的监测效果和与性能作了系统比较,为类似地区矿山监测时数据源的选择提供参考。     

影响新生界"底含"发育的因素及含水层参数修正

分析了“底含”发育的主要影响因素，并以祁东煤矿为例，利用地下水动力学方法重新计算了“底含”的有关参数，对以往抽水试验参数进行修正，并成功地运用到邻近矿井。该研究表明，在富水性较强的古河道发育位置，要合理留设防水煤岩柱，才能保证煤矿安全生产。     

史料考证与找矿(之三)：铜矿

云南铜矿是历史上开发最早的地区之一,至今已知的大－中型矿区（除边远的羊拉、托顶之外）,历史上几乎都不同程度地被开采过。也有历史上曾采冶辉煌,但至今却没有铜矿产出,找铜工作者也不知道的“古老铜矿”,俞元（澄江）铜矿即是一例。研究、考证采铜史料,认为澄江铜矿、东川茂麓厂、寻甸铜矿、永平宁台厂等,应列为新世纪重新评价的找铜目标。     

Large scale failure of the external waste dump at the “South Field” lignite mine, Northern Greece

This paper presents the failure process of the external waste dump of the South Field Mine, the major open pit mine in Greece. The waste materials of the mine were deposited in three phases, forming an average inclination slope 10% and a total height of 110 m from the ground surface. The failure occurred when the third phase of the deposit was initiated. The high moisture content of the waste materials and their deposition over a spring, choking its flow, had as a result the development of high pore water pressure in clayey and marly materials in the base of the deposit. As a consequence, a large scale slope failure incident occurred. The landslide involved the mobilization of waste material in the order of 40 Mm³, while the material that moved outside the boundaries of the waste dump was in the order of 2.5 Mm³. The stability of the waste dump was investigated using the limit equilibrium analysis and different types of models.Limit equilibrium analyses were performed using different methods and considering the clay layer of small shear resistance that exists in the base of the deposit. They do not indicate activation of failure mechanism, only that there is a combination of high pore water pressure that developed in the deposit because the covering of the spring with the clayey materials of the dump.     

莱芜市矿山排水对地质环境的影响分析

莱芜市煤炭和铁矿资源丰富,开采历史悠久,矿山排水量较大。煤矿矿坑水中SO42-、总硬度、矿化度、F-等组分较高,对地下水水化学场构成影响,矿区附近SO42-含量大于300 mg/L的孔隙水分布面积9.98 km2。铁矿排水具有高强度、大降深、强烈疏干的特征,导致矿山背斜东翼已形成水位降落漏斗,其中水位标高120 m的漏斗面积达27.5 km2,由于矿坑排水加之水源开采,1973年以来赵庄、孟家庄、西泉河地段共发生岩溶塌陷220处,塌陷总面积8 880 m2。     

日照市露天开采矿山地质环境问题及恢复治理措施

通过1∶5万矿山地质环境调查和遥感解译手段,对日照市矿山进行了全面的调查,查明各类矿山546处,主要集中在莒县和五莲县境内。除莒县刘官庄煤矿外,其余全部为露天开采矿山,主要选用直接开挖的方式,不仅破坏了地表环境,而且矿山生产活动产生的固体废弃物占用了大面积的土地。该文根据矿山地理位置及开采方式的不同,将相同类型的多个矿山划分为同一治理区,针对不同治理区的特点,采取科学有效的治理方法,建立健全矿山地质环境监督管理机制,切实解决矿山地质环境问题,改善生态环境。     

The geology of Australian Mars analogue sites

Australia has numerous landforms and features, some unique, that provide a useful reference for interpreting the results of spacecraft orbiting Mars and exploring the martian surface. Examples of desert landforms, impact structures, relief inversion, long-term landscape evolution and hydrothermal systems that are relevant to Mars are outlined and the relevant literature reviewed. The Mars analogue value of Australia's acid lakes, hypersaline embayments and mound spring complexes is highlighted along with the Pilbara region, where the oldest convincing evidence of life guides exploration for early life on Mars. The distinctive characteristics of the Arkaroola Mars Analogue Region are also assessed and opportunities for future work in Australia are outlined.     

南梁煤矿多煤层开采地下水系统演化规律

煤层开采对所在矿区地下水系统有着重要影响。以往研究单煤层开采对地下水系统的影响较多,而对多煤层的影响研究甚少,特别对于我国西部缺水矿区。以南梁煤矿为例,运用地下水系统演化理论和岩石力学模拟等,对该矿井水文地质结构、矿井涌水变化规律、矿井地下水流场演变、矿井地下水化学成分变化等方面进行了综合分析研究,重构了多煤层开采条件下南梁矿井地下水系统流动模型,初步揭示了矿井水化学成分的演化机理。研究结果表明,2^-2煤单煤层开采时,顶板导裂带的最大发育高度为42.1 m,而2^-2和3^-1煤层重复开采时则增大为83.1 m,相应地应力、位移、塑性区范围后者也比前者增大许多。这揭示出多煤层重复采动明显增大了顶板导裂带的发育高度,加剧了矿井水文地质结构变异,进一步地,导水裂隙带改变了天然地下水渗流路径,沟通了不同含水层之间的水力联系,增强了地下水流动速度和水文地球化学作用,整体扩大了地下水流动系统的规模,从降雨入渗→导裂带渗流→各煤层涌水→井底水仓排水构成了一个自然-人工复合地下水流动模式。研究成果可以为南梁煤矿的矿井水害防治及水资源高效利...     

煤矿排水对枣庄市清凉泉水源地污染作用分析

近年来,随着枣庄市陶枣矿区煤矿资源的大规模开发,矿坑排水对矿区地下水资源及生态环境产生的负面影响愈发突出,尤其是矿坑水沿地表河流排放途中,通过灰岩“天窗”大量灌入岩溶地下水中,造成地处煤田下游的清凉泉水源地水质遭受明显污染,供水水质难以保证。根据矿坑排水量、水源地水质、开采现状等分析认为,对串层污染进行封堵和控制矿坑水排放渠道是防治水源地污染的有效措施。     

Geochemical anomaly structure of South Mining District of Fenghuangshan Copper Mine

To study the geochemical anomaly structure of multi-element associations in the South Mining District of the Fenghuangshan Copper Mine,samples were collected and analyzed for their trace element contents.Multi-element anomaly associations were divided according to the correlations between Cu and each of the other elements,and the distribution characteristics of multi-element anomaly associations were also described.Among them,the anomaly distribution of metallogenic element Cu indicates the environment of mineralization.This study provided the basis for research on the metallogenic prediction and geochemistry of the Fenghuangshan Copper Mine.