Metal Ion Extraction with Bipyridine Derivatives as Chelating Ligands in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Three fluorinated bipyridine ligands have been designed and synthesized as chelating agents for the extraction of metal ions in supercritical CO₂ (sc‐CO₂). The ligand solubilities in sc‐CO₂ were investigated at different temperatures and pressures, and the measured data have been correlated using a semiempirical model. The calculated results showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. Based on these data, metal ion extraction with the three compounds as chelating agents in sc‐CO₂ was performed from spiked filter paper, whereby ligand 1 showed the highest extraction efficiency, especially for Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺. The extraction constants, K_ex, of the three chelating ligands were seen to increase with increasing extraction efficiency for the same metal ion in the same extraction system.     

Aster多光谱遥感异常提取在新疆天湖铁矿中的应用

ASTER遥感数据因波段范围宽、波段多,在蚀变异常提取与矿产勘探中有较好的应用前景.据金属矿床常见蚀变矿物光谱特征与ASTER数据波段设置特点,提出硅酸盐铁、Fe~(2+)、白云石等提取的光谱指数.在此基础上研究该数据大气校正、干扰剔除等数据处理技术方法,提出了异常提取技术流程与步骤,在新疆东天山天湖铁矿区进行了试验研究,将矿物提取结果与地质图对比分析,表明提取结果与数据处理技术流程较可靠.     

甘肃礼县王河金矿地电提取找矿方法实验研究

王河金矿地电提取找矿方法的实验研究表明,在已知矿体上方,地电提取Ａｕ、Ａｇ、ＣｕＰｂ都出现了不同程度的异常,且提取时加玉水的异常循环与矿体的赋存位置的吻合程度比不加王水的好,说明在黄土覆盖地区用该方法寻找隐伏矿体是可行的。     

Matlab对基于HDF格式的MODIS 1B数据的提取方法与实现

基于HDF文件格式的MODIS数据的应用越来越广泛,MODIS数据开发应用的前提是对MODIS 1B数据的提取。本文详细介绍了利用Matlab对HDF文件进行读写操作的过程,在此基础上给出了提取MODIS 1B数据的流程图,实现了对MODIS 1B数据的提取,为MODIS二级产品的开发打下了基础。     

ICESat-2水深提取方法及其反演应用

相比于传统水深测量方法, 结合主动激光卫星ICESat-2数据与被动光学遥感影像的主被动融合水深反演方法具有低成本、覆盖面积广、不受地域限制、无需地面实测数据等优点.研究选取澳大利亚大堡礁中部的John Brewer Reef和南部的Fitzroy Reef为实验区, 开展主被动融合水深反演实验.针对ICESat-2光子点群信噪比低、光子点水深信息提取和改正难的问题, 本文提出基于光子点群高斯分布特征的海面光子点群提取方法和基于深度自适应DBSCAN的海底光子点群提取方法, 并顾及海面倾斜引起的入射角偏移, 改进了Parrish水体折射改正几何模型.实验表明, 基于光子点群高斯分布特征的海面光子点群提取方法和基于深度自适应DBSCAN的海底光子点群提取方法可以高效准确地提取出有效的海面、海底光子点群; 经过地球物理改正和基于改进模型的水体折射改正后, 水深变浅, 且改正项与改正前水深呈线性关系, 线性系数约为-0.2550.实验将提取并改正后的ICESat-2光子点水深与经大气校正、耀斑校正、空间域滤波等预处理后的Sentinel-2影像进行空间匹配构建水深反演样本集, 并利用单波段模型(SB)、比值模型(BR)、Lyzenga多项式模型(LP)、二次多项式模型(QP)、三次多项式模型(CP)、支持向量回归模型(SVR)、多层感知器模型(MLP)、随机森林回归模型(RF)等水深反演模型对实验区全域水深进行反演.通过对比分析多种水深反演模型在不同地理区域和ICESat-2水深样本分布条件下的表现, 研究为不同场景下的主被动融合水深反演策略提供了一定的科学依据.

     

Composition and sources of organic matter and its solvent extractable components in surface sediments of a bay under serious anthropogenic influences: Daya Bay, China

Organic matter of nine surface sediments from the Daya Bay was Soxhlet-extracted with a mixture of 2:1 (v/v) dichloromethane-methanol and separated into five fractions: non-aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, and fatty acids and asphaltenes, and analyzed to determine their bulk and biomarker composition. Marine autogenic input appears to be a major source of organic matter. Generally, non-aromatic hydrocarbons are the most dominant fraction of solvent-extractable organic matter (EOM) followed by the other four fractions in decreasing amounts: fatty acids and asphaltenes, ketones, alcohols and aromatic hydrocarbons. On average, both non-aromatic hydrocarbon fraction and fatty acid and asphaltene fraction account for approximately 40% of EOM. The sources of acyclic methyl ketones, alkanols and fatty acids were examined. For n-alkan-2-ones, allochthonous input is a more important source than marine autogenetic input; the reverse is true for n-fatty acids; for n-alkanols, allochthonous and autogenetic inputs seem comparable. Both n-alkan-2-ones and n-fatty acids in the surface sediments of different areas appear to be derived from common sources.     

Shock surfing acceleration

Analytical and numerical analysis identify shock surfing acceleration as an ideal pre-energization mechanism for the slow pick-up ions at quasiperpendicular shocks. After gaining sufficient energy by shock surfing, pick-up ions undergo diffusive acceleration to reach their observed energies. Energetic ions upstream of the cometary bow shock, acceleration of solar energetic particles by magnetosonic waves in corona, ion enhancement in interplanetary shocks, generation of anomalous cosmic rays from interstellar pick-up ions at the termination shock are some of the cases where shock surfing acceleration apply. Inclusion of the lower-hybrid wave turbulence into the laminar model of shock surfing can explain the preferential acceleration of heavier particles as observed by Voyager at the termination shock. At relativistic energies, unlimited acceleration of ions is theoretically possible; because for sufficiently strong shocks main limitation of the mechanism, caused by the escape of accelerated particles downstream of the shock during acceleration no longer exists.     

The effect of naturally acidified irrigation water on agricultural volcanic soils. The case of Asembagus, Java, Indonesia

Acid water from the Banyuputih river (pH  3.5) is used for the irrigation of agricultural land in the Asembagus coastal area (East Java, Indonesia), with harmful consequences for rice yields. The river water has an unusual composition which is caused by seepage from the acidic Kawah Ijen crater lake into the river. This unique irrigation setting allows the study of soil acidification in situ. This paper assesses the effects of volcanogenically contaminated irrigation water on the chemical properties of the agricultural soils.The changes in soil properties were evaluated by comparing samples taken from the topsoil and sub-soil (1–3 m depth) from areas irrigated with acid water and areas irrigated with neutral water. The field survey thus resulted in four soil categories. Bulk soil composition, organic matter content, moisture content and particle size distribution were determined. Reactive phases were quantified with the selective extractions 1 M KCl, 0.1 M Na-pyrophosphate and 0.2 M acid ammonium oxalate (AAO).By comparing the four soil categories it is shown that the use of the naturally polluted irrigation water has had a large influence on the chemical composition of the topsoil. The composition of the soil solution has changed over the entire investigated soil profile. Furthermore the acid irrigation water has strongly modified the composition of the reactive phases, extracted as KCl, pyrophosphate, and AAO extractable elements, and also the bulk soil composition has been significantly modified. Overall this has resulted in the net dissolution of some elements and the net precipitation of others. The changes in the reactive phases and bulk soil composition are only apparent in the topsoil (0–20 cm) but not in the deeper soil.     

萃取分离—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅锌矿中的铟

样品经硝酸、氢氟酸分解除硅,加热硫酸冒烟除尽硝酸、氢氟酸,利用铟与氢溴酸能生成稳定的络合物并被乙酸丁酯萃取的性质,将铟与其它干扰离子分离并富集.使用MOLAARM6（Thermo Electron Corporation）石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计,以钒为机体改进剂,测定铅锌矿中的铟.方法检出限为LD=0.012ug/ml.实验结果令人满意.     

萃取法制取磷酸二氢钾工艺研究

本文研究改进了萃取法制取磷酸二氢钾的工艺路线,确定了较适宜的工艺条件,萃取在常温下进行,一次反应得到磷酸二氢钾。产品纯度高,能耗低,有望成为大规模工业生产该产品最经济的路线之一。