阿坝州7-8月区域暴雨分析预报

通过对1974～1985年,这12年区域性暴雨的环流形势、暴雨形成的原因、暴雨落区预报的着眼点等进行分析,建立了短期暴雨预报方法.     

Flow and patterns of nitrate pollution in groundwater: a case study of an agricultural area in Tsukuba City, Japan

A numerical simulation was applied to first characterize the groundwater flow and patterns of nitrate pollution of a small-agricultural catchment in Tsukuba City, Japan, for a 10-year period. There was a good performance of the flow simulation. In contrast, although the transport model calculated the evolution of the plume, it only provided estimates of solute concentrations. Groundwater contamination increased exponentially during the first 594 days of the simulation, reaching then a near-equilibrium state. Fertilizer applications are responsible for most of the leaching of NO₃⁻ to groundwater, therefore, shifting of crops and the associated agricultural practices may translate into decreases of contamination levels. A series of hypothetical scenarios demonstrated that replacing grasslands by other crops may reduce the contamination levels up to 12%. As the chosen field is a representative of many other agricultural areas in Japan, the approach and results should also be applicable to similar cases around the country.     

Landscape change detection in Yulin prefecture

Landscape is a dynamic phenomenon that almost continuously changes. The overall change of a landscape is the result of complex and interacting natural and spontaneous processes and planned actions by man. However, numerous activities by a large number of individuals are not concerted and contribute to the autonomous evolution of the landscape in a similar way as natural processes do. There is a well-established need to detect land use and ecological change so that appropriate policies for the regional sustainable development can be developed. Landscape change detection is considered to be effectively repeated surveillance and needs especially strict protocols to identify landscape change. This paper developed a series of technical frameworks on landscape detection based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Data. Through human-machine interactive interpretation, the interpretation precision was 92.00% in 1986 and 89.73% in 2000. Based on the interpretation results of TM images and taking Yulin prefecture as a case study area, the area of main landscape types was summarized respectively in 1986 and 2000. The landscape pattern changes in Yulin could be divided into ten types.     

阿坝州矿产资源开发的战略布局探讨

概述了阿坝州矿产资源的基本情况及基本特点。分析了州内主要有优势的１０种矿产：金、锂、褐煤、泥炭、铀、铁、石榴子石、石灰岩、石材、砷，并提出了开发意见。根据州内资源特点和优势矿产的布局，提出了划分开发区的建议。     

地震地下水位动态锯齿波的成因及排除办法

我们通过资料分析和模拟试验,研究了水位动态锯齿波的成因和排除办法,初步研究了井孔特征,井房气流效应与锯齿波的关系以及锯齿波在地下水观测中的应用。     

省地台结合制作干旱回归预报的探讨

以甘肃东部、西峰汛期干旱为预报、解释对象，提出了省地台结合制作干旱回归预报的方法，并对其预报效果进行了对比分析。结果表明，可提高预报质量１０％—１６％     

基于GIS的青海省海西州震害信息管理系统研建

简要介绍了在Mapinfo平台上利用MapBasic语言进行“海西州震害信息管理系统”开发研制的原理、过程和系统功能。根据海西州区域地质和人环境，确定了震害预测模型。     

中国地级以上城市城市化质量特征及空间差异

根据城市化质量的内涵,从经济发展、基础设施、就业、居民生活、社会发展、生态环境、用地质量、创新质量和城乡协调等10个方面,构建了城市化质量的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法,对除拉萨外的286个地级以上城市的城市化质量进行了分析。结果发现城市之间城市化质量差距明显,城市化质量总体不高;城市化质量和城市规模没有对应关系,城市不是越大越好;人口城市化水平不能反映城市化质量,人口城市化不是城市化的最终目标;城市化质量较高的城市仍存在许多不足,需要进一步完善;城市化质量空间差异明显,呈现从东部沿海到中、西部依次降低的特点;城市化质量较高的城市呈"群"状分布,与城市群有较好的拟合。     

Occurrence of PSP-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii in Bingo-Nada, the central coastal water of the Seto Inland Sea, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

During surveillance of the distribution of the paralytic shellfish poison (PSP)-producing dinoflagellate in 2003, 2004 and 2005 along the coastlines of the Seto Inland Sea, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, some species of toxic phytoplankton were isolated from the eastern coasts, Bingo-Nada, the central regions of the Seto Inland Sea. It was rather unexpectedly revealed from the basis of the morphological characteristics that they were unambiguously identified as Alexandrium tamiyavanichii and Alexandrium catenella. Two strains (ATY041106, ATY051018) of A. tamiyavanichii showed a specific toxicity of 38.7 x 10(-6) and 111.5 x 10(-6)MU/cell, respectively. These values seemed to be several times or much higher than that of A. catenella (AC030816, AC040614), having a specific toxicity of 4.5 x 10(-6) and 4.1 x 10(-6)MU/cell, respectively, isolated in the same area. From the results of HPLC-furuorometric analysis, it revealed that the toxins in ATY041106 exist almost exclusively as beta-epimers (C2, GTX3, GTX4), which accounted for 72.7 mol%. The toxin profiles of this strain are featured by the presence of a large amount of GTX3 (59.1 mol%) and a small amount (20.6%) of C1 and 2 in comparison with the PSP compositions of A. tamarense, which is isolated as the main responsible species in Hiroshima Bay, a western part of coastal sea in Hiroshima Prefecture. On the other hand, it revealed that the toxin profiles of two strains (AC030816, AC040614) of A. catenella exist almost exclusively as beta-epimers (C2, GTX3, GTX4), which accounted for 81.8 and 56.5 mol%, as the same manner. The toxin profiles of these two strains are featured by the presence of a large amount of C2 (80.5 and 46.3 mol%) in comparison with the PSP compositions of A. tamiyavanichii. To our knowledge, this is the first record to show the distribution and harmful influence of A. tamiyavanichii and A. catenella in Bingo-Nada in Hiroshima Prefecture. Though contamination of bivalves with these PSP-producing planktons in this area has not occurred yet so far, attention should be paid to this species as well as the other causative dinoflagellate from the stand point of public health and food hygiene.     

阿坝州及邻区地震烈度衰减关系

选用 190 0～ 1990年发生在 2 9°～ 35°N ,10 0°～ 10 5°E间的地震 ,并参考有关资料 ,研究了阿坝州及邻区地震烈度衰减关系 ,得出相应的衰减函数。