Computation of waves scattered by inhomogeneous velocity gradient using generalized Born approximation

The generalized Born approximation is an approximation method that represents the scattering term by the error between the exact Green's function and the approximate Green's function,mainly for the gradient scattering problem.However,so far,the research on the generalized Born approximation has only stayed in theory,and its implementation techniques are rarely reported.In order to fill this gap,the basic theory of generalized Born approximation is reviewed,and the implementation method of generalized Born approximation is discussed in this paper.In particular,the problem of calculating boundary effect elimination is discussed in detail.Finally,through model trial calculation,the calculation of gradient scattering,by comparing Born approximation and finite difference method,shows that using the generalized Born approximation to calculate gradient scattering achieves higher computational accuracy.     

一种基于TerraSAR数据的矿区InSAR最大可检测动态形变梯度模型

受传感器本身的限制及噪声、大气延迟等影响,InSAR技术可检测的最大形变梯度存在极限。为准确预计InSAR技术在矿区形变监测中的检测能力,以65个矿区的地质采矿资料为基础,结合Knothe时间函数和概率积分模型,利用不同空间分辨率的TerraSAR数据,建立矿区InSAR最大形变梯度动态检测函数模型。该模型无需事先获取SAR影像,利用矿区现有的地质采矿资料即可判断InSAR在矿区不同开采阶段的可检测区间。以陕西大柳塔矿区为例,采用2012-11-21~2013-01-26的7景TerraSAR数据进行模型验证,结果表明,该模型不仅能够准确预测InSAR技术在矿区不同开采阶段的检测区间,同时可以确定InSAR技术在矿区不同开采阶段的地表可检测边界,可为InSAR技术在矿区中的推广应用提供重要参考。     

辅助模型辨识方法(4):基本思想与梯度辨识

辅助模型辨识思想是针对系统存在一些不可测变量的辨识问题提出的,它是研究含有未知变量的线性系统、非线性系统辨识的重要手段.本文阐述了辅助模型辨识思想,针对白噪声干扰的输入非线性有限脉冲响应系统,研究辅助模型梯度辨识方法、辅助模型多新息梯度辨识方法、变递推间隔辅助模型多新息梯度辨识方法,以及派生的变递推间隔辅助模型梯度辨识方法、等递推间隔辅助模型梯度辨识方法和等递推间隔辅助模型多新息梯度辨识方法.     

Snow cover and runoff modelling in a high mountain catchment with scarce data: effects of temperature and precipitation parameters

Snowmelt is an important source of runoff in high mountain catchments. Snowmelt modelling for alpine regions remains challenging with scarce gauges. This study simulates the snowmelt in the Karuxung River catchment in the south Tibetan Plateau using an altitude zone based temperature‐index model, calibrates the snow cover area and runoff simulation during 2003–2005 and validates the model performance via snow cover area and runoff simulation in 2006. In the snowmelt and runoff modelling, temperature and precipitation are the two most important inputs. Relevant parameters, such as critical snow fall temperature, temperature lapse rate and precipitation gradient, determine the form and amount of precipitation and distribution of temperature and precipitation in hydrological modelling of the sparsely gauged catchment. Sensitivity analyses show that accurate estimation of these parameters would greatly help in improving the snowmelt simulation accuracy, better describing the snow‐hydrological behaviours and dealing with the data scarcity at higher elevations. Specifically, correlation between the critical snow fall temperature and relative humidity and seasonal patterns of both the temperature lapse rate and the precipitation gradient should be considered in the modelling studies when precipitation form is not logged and meteorological observations are only available at low elevation. More accurate simulation of runoff involving snowmelt, glacier melt and rainfall runoff will improve our understanding of hydrological processes and help assess runoff impacts from a changing climate in high mountain catchments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大地电磁法三维共轭梯度反演研究

Based on the analysis of the conjugate gradient algorithm, we implement a threedimensional （3D） conjugate gradient inversion algorithm with magnetotelluric impedance data. During the inversion process, the 3D conjugate gradient inversion algorithm doesn＇ t need to compute and store the Jacobian matrix but directly updates the model from the computation of the Jacobian matrix. Requiring only one forward and four pseudo-forward modeling applications per frequency to produce the model update at each iteration, this algorithm efficiently reduces the computation of the inversion. From a trial inversion with synthetic magnetotelluric data, the validity and stability of the 3D conjugate gradient inversion algorithm is verified.     

转换波AVO反演速度比各横波反射系数

Based on the empirical Gardner equation describing the relationship between density and compressional wave velocity, the converted wave reflection coefficient extrema attributes for AVO analysis are proposed and the relations between the extrema position and amplitude, average velocity ratio across the interface, and shear wave reflection coefficient are derived. The extrema position is a monotonically decreasing function of average velocity ratio, and the extrema amplitude is a function of average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient. For theoretical models, the average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient are inverted from the extrema position and amplitude obtained from fitting a power function to converted wave AVO curves. Shear wave reflection coefficient sections have clearer physical meaning than conventional converted wave stacked sections and establish the theoretical foundation for geological structural interpretation and event correlation. ＂The method of inverting average velocity ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient from the extrema position and amplitude obtained from fitting a power function is applied to real CCP gathers. The inverted average velocity ratios are consistent with those computed from compressional and shear wave well logs.     

海洋地热流测量技术及其方法研究

随着我国海域天然气水合物调查工作的深入开展,海洋地热流测量成果对其他地质地球物理调查资料的解释和研究成果的提升至关重要。因此,海洋地热流测量以及相关的研究工作越来越被人们所关注。论文通过对目前我国海洋地热流测量工作开展的现状、测量地热流值中的地温梯度和沉积物热导率值的理论基础、测量技术和种类以及相应的技术特点进行了分析,结合海上调查中的实际工作情况,系统介绍测量技术方法,指出目前海洋地热流测量技术方法研究的方向。     

太白山土壤种子库储量与物种多样性的垂直格局

通过野外植被调查和室内试验,从1 220份土样中,挑选土壤中的种子,进行分类统计,研究秦岭太白山南坡土壤种子库储量与物种多样性沿海拔梯度的变化。研究结果如下：(1) 太白山南坡土壤种子库中的植物种为172种;从总体上看,土壤种子库中的物种丰富度 (S) 随着海拔的上升呈下降趋势。土壤种子库生物多样性特征表现为在2个海拔段发生较明显的变化：一是从低海拔到中等海拔 (1 500~2 500 m),二是从中等海拔到高海拔 (2 500~3 500 m)。在?琢多样性方面,生态优势度在海拔2 500 m处最大;在海拔2 400 m以下 (包含2 400 m) 的样地中,种子库生态优势度大于海拔2 500 m以上 (含2 500 m) 的样地种子库的生态优势度。 H′(Shannon-Wiener指数)与生态优势度的变化趋势相反。(2) 太白山南坡土壤种子库储量最大值出现在海拔2 600 m的样地,为2.24×104 Ind./m²;种子库储量最小值出现在海拔3 500 m的样地,为4.43×102 Ind./m²。储量沿海拔梯度的变化趋势表现为：在海拔2 600 m以下,种子库储量沿海拔的上升呈逐渐增加的趋势;在海拔2 600 m以上,种子库储量沿海拔的上升呈逐渐下降的趋势。(3) 土壤种子库的种子储量与种子密度的变化规律基本一致。而用单位面积土壤中的种子储量来表示种子库的大小特征比用种子密度来表示更为实用和方便,而且采集具有不同性质的土壤研究种子库,考虑到了土壤性质等因素的影响,更能客观反映土壤种子库的特点。     

地基土冻胀的宏观分析

通过野外原位观测发现,在北半球自然气温条件下,地表裸露、原状均质、冻胀性地基土的冻结过程中,冻结速率越大越有利于土的冻胀,即冻结速率与冻胀速率呈单值升函数规律.     

控距式磁场线圈和检验标位系统的研制及科学意义

迄今为止使用的磁场线圈间距全为固定式,而环境又几乎全有较大的磁场梯度。因此理论上设计的均匀性、正交性等随着时空或相辅条件变化而变化时,就不能实施监测和校正。该系统的研制使线圈间距由固定变成相对均位调控或不对称调控,可确实补偿客观存在的磁场梯度。从而提高了监测精度,也有效地解决了磁场梯度的校正问题,填补了国内这一应用领域的空白。