地面加热对飞机颠簸影响的动力学初步分析

用积分变换法求解考虑了地面加热作用的中尺度二维不可压缩流体的Boussinesq方程，得到一组描述地面加热作用激发的垂直风场、水平扰动风场、扰动气温场的解析解，进而用动力学分析的观点定性讨论了飞机颠簸与地面加热场、风场、温度场空间分布及时间变化的关系，对动力和热力性气象因子对于飞机颠簸的影响进行了初步分析。     

孟加拉湾季风爆发可预测性的分析和初步应用

基于季风区对流层中高层副高脊附近的经向温度梯度能表征季节转换和季风爆发的物理本质这一事实,使用1980—1999年过渡季节期间(3～5月)逐日和月平均的NCEP／NCAR高空温度场再分析资料,对该温度梯度潜在的预报季风爆发进行了分析。结果表明：在已知初始时刻孟加拉湾季风区对流层中高层经向温度梯度的前提下,依据初始时刻的经向温度梯度和气候平均的经向增温率梯度,可以对孟加拉湾季风爆发的迟早做出定性预测。另外,由于孟加拉湾地区季风爆发日期与3月份青藏高原上空对流层中高层气温有显著相关,故前期高原上空对流层中高层的气温高低也是判断孟加拉湾季风爆发迟早的重要因子。对2000年和2001年孟加拉湾季风爆发迟早定性预测的结果表明,这两种预报方法具有潜在的应用价值。     

山东省层状云系中湍流扩散系数的分布特征

计算了山东省不同天气系统、不同时间云中和晴空中的湍流扩散系数,主要结果为：云中３～４ｋｍ高度层间的扩散系数主要在２０～７０ｍ２ｓ－１间,晴空小于３０ｍ２ｓ－１;云中扩散系数的平均值一般随高度增加而增大,冬、夏半年各高度层上的Ｋ值相关不大。     

Observational Study on the Supercooled Fog Droplet Spectrum Distribution and Icing Accumulation Mechanism in Lushan,Southeast China

A fog monitor, hotplate total precipitation sensor, weather identifier and visibility sensor, ultrasonic wind speed meter,an icing gradient observation frame, and an automated weather station were involved in the observations at the Lushan Meteorological Bureau of Jiangxi Province, China. In this study, for the icing process under a cold surge from 20–25 January2016, the duration, frequency, and spectrum distribution of agglomerate fog were analyzed. The effects of rain, snow, and supercooled fog on icing growth were studied and the icing and meteorological conditions at two heights(10 m and 1.5 m)were compared. There were 218 agglomerate fogs in this icing process, of which agglomerate fogs with durations less than and greater than 10 min accounted for 91.3% and 8.7%, respectively. The average time interval was 10.3 min. The fog droplet number concentration for sizes 2–15 μm and 30–50 μm increased during rainfall, and that for 2–27 μm decreased during snowfall. Icing grew rapidly(1.3 mm h-1) in the freezing rain phase but slowly(0.1 mm h-1) during the dry snow phase. Intensive supercooled fog, lower temperatures and increased wind speed all favored icing growth during dry snow(0.5 mm h-1). There were significant differences in the thickness, duration, density, and growth mechanism of icing at the heights of 10 m and 1.5 m. Differences in temperature and wind speed between the two heights were the main reasons for the differences in icing conditions, which indicated that icing was strongly affected by height.     

导致区域性雷暴大风天气的云型分类及统计特征分析

利用2005—2011年的静止卫星、常规探空和重要天气报资料,文章选取了18次典型区域性雷暴大风过程,在分析500 hPa天气形势基础上对导致雷暴大风的强对流云型进行了分类分析,其发展过程可划分为初始、发展、成熟和消亡四个阶段。对静止卫星观测的定量特征分析表明,对流云团中IR1通道和水汽(WV)通道的亮温差基本为负值,其值的不断减小预示着强对流在持续发展;在监测和预报雷暴大风天气时,需要特别关注长椭圆形强对流云带的右侧和其右侧的孤立对流云团,尤其是TBB(红外亮度温度)低负值区、TBB高梯度区、IR1和WV通道亮温差值区及大梯度区均配合的区域。在定性分析的基础上对静止卫星IR1与WV通道的亮温特征进行了定量统计分析,获得了雷暴大风出现站点附近的红外亮温、水汽亮温、IR1与WV通道亮温差和红外亮温梯度的分布情况,结果发现大部分站点的雷暴大风天气出现在以下时段:红外亮温由急剧下降到平缓下降之间的过渡期;IR1与WV通道亮温差由迅速下降转为缓慢下降或稳定少变的时间点前后,且多数处于IR1和WV通道亮温差由正转负临近的时间段内;红外亮温梯度达到最大的时间点附近或开始下降的时候。     

一次西南低涡引起的杭嘉湖地区特大暴雨分析

通过对１９９７年８月１３日特大暴雨过程的分析,揭示了暴雨发生前环境场各烦物理量分布特征,发现物理量的强梯度带对暴雨的发生发展起了十分重要的作用,而且物理量强梯度带的形成,加强和移动对暴雨落区预报提供了依据。     

A Diagnostic Analysis of the Simulated Structure of a Meiyu Front System in 1999

A numerical simulation of a torrential rain event occurring in the Jiang-Huai Valley of China from 22-24 June 1999 is performed and analyzed by using the PSU/NCAR MM5 mesoscale non-hydrostatic model. The high-resolution model output data are utilized to diagnose the double front structure, and the distributions of potential temperature, equivalent potential temperature, and specific humidity in the vicinity of the Meiyu Front System （MYFS） in the Jiang-Huai Valley. The results show that both the potential temperature gradient and the specific humidity gradient have important impacts on the two strong equivalent potential temperature gradient zones associated with the double front structure of the MYFS, but the latter （moisture gradient） is more important. In addition, the tendency equation of specific humidity gradient is theoretically derived. It shows that variations of the specific humidity gradient are related to the advection, convergence/divergence, horizontal and vertical vorticities （secondary circulation） effects and the gradient of water vapor source/sink. As an example, the budget of the meridional component of the tendency equation is selected and diagnosed by using the above model simulation data of the torrential rain event. It is shown that the variation of the specific humidity gradient averaged throughout the simulation is mainly controlled by the convergence/divergence effect, the secondary circulation effect associated with the horizontal vorticities, and the water vapor source/sink effect. Since the water vapor source/sink is often formed from the phase change processes of water vapor in the air and thus directly associated with cloud and precipitation microphysics processes, the variation of the specific humidity gradient is closely related with cloud and precipitation microphysics and the distribution, development and evolution of cloud and rainfall systems. The double front structure of the MYFS provides an advantageous environmental condition for the development and movement of the mesoscale torrential rain system nearby. In turn, the development of the torrential rain exerts a signifiant impact on the MYFS through changing the thermal and moisture distributions.     

东濮凹陷现今地温场分布特征

在9口井连续测温资料的基础上,对东濮凹陷现今地温场进行了研究。东濮凹陷的地温梯度代表值为34℃/km,平均大地热流值为58.4 mW/m²。现今地温场的展布主要受地质构造格局的控制,为北东—北北东向,与盆地构造走向一致,总体分布是相同层位东部次凹和西部次凹的地温高,中央隆起和西部斜坡带地温相对低。现今地温对烃源岩的油气生成有重要的控制作用,东部次凹和西部次凹的石炭-二叠系现今仍处于二次生烃阶段,是上古生界有利的二次生烃区。     

江汉盆地钻井地温测量和大地热流分布

盆地的稳态温度是分析地温场和大地热流的基础,是盆地构造热演化的必要前提。本文根据最新获得的9口钻井的稳态温度数据和124块岩石热导率,结合已有资料对江汉盆地地温梯度和大地热流进行了系统分析。结果显示江汉盆地热流41.9～60.9 mW/m~2,平均52.3mW/m~2,盆地总体表现为较低的大地热流,反映了中新生代以来构造活动逐渐减弱,盆地不断冷却的结果;从盆地内热流分布看,热流分布南高北低,反映了江汉盆地构造活动的不均一性。     

未来半个世纪江淮流域夏季降水变化趋势的数值模拟结果分析

基于政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)排放情景特别报告(SRES)A2和B2温室气体排放方案下全球海气耦合模式模拟结果,分析了未来半个世纪中国江淮流域夏季降水变化趋势,发现江淮流域在经历21世纪开始10年降水偏多时期后,从2010年开始该地区将经历一段降水偏少的时期,在温室气体和SO2排放量较多的A2方案下,该时期将维持较长时间.这些地区夏季降水的减少与夏季西北太平洋副热带高压环流的减弱东撤有关,由此伴随这些地区夏季风和对流层中大气上升运动的减弱,而西北太平洋副热带高压环流的减弱东撤与北太平洋海表面南高北低的温度梯度的减小有关.