Magnetic activity of the spotted dwarf AP149 in the α Persei open cluster

The simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations of the spotted G dwarf AP149 in the young open cluster α Persei are analyzed here.We reconstruct the observed light curves with a two-starspot model by means of a light curve modeling technique,and find that the active regions shift oppositely along longitude on a time scale of one day.Combining with the observational data obtained by other groups,we discuss the evolution of spotted regions in the photosphere,and find that its starspots evolve not ...     

THE PEATLAND/ICE AGE HYPOTHESIS REVISED, ADDING A POSSIBLE GLACIAL PULSE TRIGGER

Carbon sequestering in peatlands is believed to be a major climate‐regulating mechanism throughout the late Phanerozoic. Since plant life first evolved on land, peatlands have been significant carbon sinks, which could explain significant parts of the large variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide observed in various records. The result is peat in different degrees of metamorphosis, i.e. lignite, hard coal and graphite. During phases of extensive glaciations such as the 330–240 Ma Pangea Ice Age, atmospheric carbon dioxide was critically low. This pattern repeats itself during the Pleistocene when carbon dioxide oscillates with an amplitude of c. 200–300 ppmv. This paper suggests that the ice age cycles during the Pleistocene are generated by the interglacial growth of peatlands and the subsequent sequestering of carbon into this terrestrial pool. The final initiation of ice age pulses towards the end of inter‐glacials, on the other hand, is attributed to the cyclic influx of cosmic dust to the Earth surface, which in turn regulates cloud formation and the incoming shortwave radiation. These shorter cycles have a frequency of c. 1000‐1250 years and might be connected to sunspot or other low frequency solar variations. In a wider context the ice age cycling could be regarded as an interplay between terrestrial life on the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and the marine subsurface life in the southeast. If the results presented here are correct, the present global warming might just be the early part of a new warm period such as the Bronze Age and the Roman and Medieval Warm periods. This could be caused by entry into another phase of decreasing influx rates of cosmic dust. The increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide might have contributed to this warming but, most important of all, it might temporarily have saved us from a new ice age pulse.     

CS1000P6L型钻机在地表水平钻孔中的应用研究

通过对CS1000P6L型钻机主要技术参数的分析,认为其在0°～45°的倾角范围内实现岩心钻探施工具有一定的可行性。通过对钻机的主要部件——动力头的进一步研究后,选取了一个具体的项目进行了应用实验,针对实验过程中发现的问题,进行了认真分析并加以解决,从而验证了该钻机在0°～45°倾角条件下工作性能的可靠性。还通过对钻机在水平孔施工时的相关配套研究,不仅解决了施工人员的操作平台及钻杆钻具的摆放问题,还解决了钻机在工作中位移控制问题。实践证明,该设备完全可以在0°～45°的倾角范围内实现岩心钻探的施工工作,为该型设备的拓展应用提供了可靠依据,在岩心钻探领域具有良好的推广价值和现实意义。     

基于粒度分布曲线的邻近传播聚类算法在沉积环境识别中的应用——以白洋淀地区为例

以白洋淀地区出露的22个沉积剖面中沉积物的粒度数据为研究对象,利用邻近传播聚类算法（AP聚类算法）进行聚类分析,并与已知典型沉积环境形成的沉积物粒度频率分布曲线进行对比,探讨了基于沉积物粒度特征的邻近传播聚类算法在沉积环境识别中应用的可行性以及白洋淀地区不同沉积环境的粒度特征。结果表明：邻近传播聚类算法能够将相同或者相近动力条件下形成的沉积物聚为一类,挖掘沉积物粒度数据中蕴含的沉积动力信息;所有样品的沉积物粒度频率分布曲线划分为11类簇;考虑到同一沉积环境中动力条件的变化,将聚类结果得到的分布范围、形状相近的11簇曲线进一步合并为4组曲线,并与已知典型沉积环境粒度曲线进行对比,识别出湖沼相、湖相、河流相、洪积相等4种主要的沉积相。其中,湖沼相与湖心相沉积环境、湖滨相与河漫滩相沉积环境形成的沉积物粒度组分相近。湖沼相与湖心相、湖滨相与漫滩相、河床相的沉积物粒度主要组分分别为细粉砂、粗粉砂、细砂或粗砂,洪积物中粗粉砂、中砂、粗砂含量相近,呈多峰态。邻近聚类传播算法可为沉积环境动力条件反演、分区等提供潜在的新手段。     

湖泊生态系统对过去1000年气候变化的响应研究——以鄱阳湖生态系统动力学模拟为例

与陆地生态系统相比,水生生态系统对全球气候变暖的响应敏感而脆弱。鄱阳湖是我国最大面积的淡水湖泊,近年来湖泊水位下降、湖床干涸频发,发生了一系列水生态灾害事件以及生态系统的退化,但气候变化对湖泊生态灾害发生和生态系统退化的过程和机制目前还不清楚。本文基于Lotka-Volterra 动力模型的原理和结构,首先构建湖泊初级生产者浮游植物(藻)与高等水生植物(草)的竞争模式,其次构建初级生产者草、藻与顶级猎食者鱼的捕食模式,最后利用气候-湖泊水量与生态因子的物质传递原理,构成气候与生态的动力方程组,设置现代和历史不同时期的试验方案进行数值模拟研究。模拟结果表明,鄱阳湖藻、草、鱼生物群落在各自的环境容纳量、增长率和相互依存/抑制关系下,年内和年际生物量变化构成了稳定和准循环系统(试验Ⅰ)。在湖泊水量与生态因子相互作用中,水量生态效应可保持生态系统的动态平衡(试验Ⅱ)。应用到过去1000年湖泊生态系统中,模拟发现在气候-水量变化的边界条件下,湖泊生物量增加和减退的速度不对称(试验Ⅲ)。水量的反馈可使增加阶段的生物量速度减缓、使衰减阶段的速度加速,从而量化了气候水量变化在生态系统中的负反馈效应。设置小冰期气候的试验Ⅳ模拟表明,在流域降水减少19% 、湖泊面积减少33% 和湖泊水量减少7% 的状况下,湖泊生态系统在600~700个月内振荡并衰退。当这个极端气候持续600个月以上,水生群落系统全面崩溃。小冰期中鄱阳湖的沙生和旱生植被替代水生和湿生植被的沉积孢粉证据验证了这个模拟,表明在极端干旱条件下,边界条件变化显著超过了生态系统的应对能力,湖泊生态系统在长期震荡后崩溃。     

长白山天池火山千年大喷发岩浆含水量研究——熔融包裹体含水量的红外光谱测试

长白山天池火山在公元一千年左右曾发生过大规模喷发,其产物为大面积分布的灰白色碱流质浮岩和碎屑流,在其斑晶矿物橄榄石、钙铁辉石和碱性长石中均可见到熔融包裹体。在最主要的斑晶矿物——碱性长石中含有数量众多且个体也较大的熔融包裹体,多数含有一个以上的气泡,其中部分含有子晶,根据形貌特征的不同可分为截然不同的两组包裹体。这些熔融包裹体带有大量喷发前地下岩浆的信息,成为研究地下深部的岩浆在复杂的溢流-爆炸喷发中所发生变化的最好媒介。也是本文的研究对象,通过其中挥发份尤其是水的含量,可以推知天池火山发生大喷发的原因。经Nicolet Magna-IR 550红外光谱仪测定,这些熔融包裹体的含水量较高,达1．6％-3．6％,为当时天池火山发生了巨大规模爆炸喷发的原因提供了强有力的证据。但目前红外光谱仪的应用范围还比较有限,有待今后拓宽其应用领域。     

近千年东亚夏季风演变历史重建及与区域温湿变化关系的讨论

集成中国季风区石笋氧同位素记录的共同变化特征,初步建立了近千年10年平均的东亚夏季风演变序列。在10年尺度以上分析了东亚夏季风演变与其他气候要素变化之间的关系。主要结论有： 1)近千年来东亚夏季风演变可划分为中世纪时期(11～13世纪初期)的季风稍弱阶段,13世纪中后期至14世纪前半叶的季风较强时期,14世纪后半叶至17世纪的季风较弱阶段,自18世纪开始持续约200年的季风再次增强时期,以及20世纪初开始的季风逐渐减弱阶段。2)近千年来东亚大陆或北半球温度的变化虽然对东亚夏季风变化具有一定的影响,但东亚夏季风强度的变化并不总是取决于陆地温度的变化。3)近千年来东亚夏季风的强弱变化与降水变化在低频趋势上有良好的对应关系,在东亚夏季风增强的时期,中国东部降水较多,而在夏季风减弱时,中国东部降水趋于偏少。     

AP1000抗震分析与设计特点研究

对AP1000抗震分析与设计的主要特点进行分析,并将这些特点同现有核电站的设计状况和我国潜在厂址的情况进行对比.研究侧重于抗震分类、抗震设防水准及设计地震、地基岩土条件、抗震裕度分析等几个主要方面.通过研究,把握AP1000抗震分析与设计的主要特点,对其设计特点和适应性加深理解,并提出需要继续跟踪研究和关注的问题.研究成果可以为后续研究和AP1000堆型的工程引进提供参考和基础素材.其中关于抗震裕度分析的研究内容对于在我国开展在役核电厂的地震安全评估和3级PRA分析亦有借鉴意义.     

Quantitative study on pollen-based reconstructions of vegetation history from central Canada

Based on high-resolution pollen records from lake cores in central Canada, the present study instructed pollen taxa assignations in ecosystem groups and modern analogue technique, reported major results of quantitative reconstructions of vegetation history during the last 1000 years, and discussed the validation of simulated vegetation. The results showed that in central America (115°-95°W, 40°-60°N), best analogue of the modern vegetation is 81% for boreal forest, 72% for parkland, and 94% for grassland-parkland, which are consistent with vegetation distributions of the North American Ecosystem II. Simulations of the past vegetation from the sedimentary pollen showed climate changes during the past 1000 years: it was warm and dry in the Medieval Warm period, cold and wet in the earlier period and cold and dry in the later period of the Little Ice Age. It became obviously increasing warm and drought in the 20th century. The present studies would provide us scientific basis to understand vegetation and climate changes during the last 1000 years in a characteristic region and in 10-100 year time scales.     

Severe Drought Events as Revealed in the Climate Records of China and Their Temperature Situations over the Last 1000 Years

1. IntroductionDroughts are one of the greatest concerns of In-tergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).For the outlook of future climate it is necessary togain insight into when the climate was dry, what ma-jor droughts occurred and why they did in the past(Jonathan and Kevin, 2003). Hence, we have to drawon paleoclimate data of various kinds and fortunately,we have an abundance of Chinese records and descrip-tions in historical and modern times for the purpose,which serve as one of…