Mass and gas profiles in A1689: joint X-ray and lensing analysis

We carry out a comprehensive joint analysis of high-quality HST /ACS and Chandra measurements of A1689, from which we derive mass, temperature, X-ray emission and abundance profiles. The X-ray emission is smooth and symmetric, and the lensing mass is centrally concentrated indicating a relaxed cluster. Assuming hydrostatic equilibrium we deduce a 3D mass profile that agrees simultaneously with both the lensing and X-ray measurements. However, the projected temperature profile predicted with this 3D mass profile exceeds the observed temperature by ∼30 per cent at all radii, a level of discrepancy comparable to the level found for other relaxed clusters. This result may support recent suggestions from hydrodynamical simulations that denser, more X-ray luminous small-scale structure can bias observed temperature measurements downward at about the same (∼30 per cent) level. We determine the gas entropy at  0.1 r _vir  (where r _vir is the virial radius) to be ∼800 keV cm², as expected for a high-temperature cluster, but its profile at  >0.1 r _vir  has a power-law form with index ∼0.8, considerably shallower than the ∼1.1 index advocated by theoretical studies and simulations. Moreover, if a constant entropy 'floor' exists at all, then it is within a small region in the inner core,   r < 0.02 r _vir  , in accord with previous theoretical studies of massive clusters.     

High Spatial Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Cas A with Chandra

We present high spatial resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A with the Chandra observations. The X-ray emitting region of this remnant was divided into 38 × 34 pixels of 10″× 10″ each. Spectra of 960 pixels were created and fitted with an absorbed two component non-equilibrium ionization model. From the results of the spectral analysis we obtained maps of absorbing column density, temperatures, ionization ages, and the abundances of Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ca and Fe. The Si, S and possibly Ca abundance maps show obvious jet structures, while Fe does not follow the jet but seems to be distributed perpendicular to it. The abundances of Si, S and Ca show tight correlations between one another over a range of about two dex. This suggests that they are ejecta from explosive Oburning and incomplete Si-buming. Meanwhile, the Ne abundance is well correlated with that of Mg, indicating them to be the ashes of explosive C/Ne burning. The Fe abundance is positively correlated with that of Si when the latter is lower than 3 times the solar value, and is negatively correlated when higher. We suggest that such a two phase correlation is due to the different ways in which Fe was synthesized.     

东准噶尔晚石炭世构造体制转变:来自A2型流纹岩的证据

老爷庙地区位于东准噶尔东部,是中亚造山带的重要组成部分。老爷庙流纹岩与典型A型花岗岩相似,成因类型上属A2型流纹岩,产于后碰撞环境。锆石U-Pb定年显示其形成于（311.6±3.1） Ma,属晚石炭世。综合文中数据及区域地质特征,老爷庙地区在晚石炭世已经拼贴到西伯利亚板块,进入后碰撞向板内转化的过渡期,结束了该区洋陆过渡环境。     

Large‐scale connectivity of fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy: Inferences from simulated accommodation‐to‐supply cycles and automated extraction of chronosomes

Multiscale simulation of fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy was used to quantify the elements of the geometry and architectural arrangement of sub‐seismic‐scale fluvial‐to‐shelf sedimentary segments. We conducted numerical experiments of fluvio‐deltaic system evolution by simulating the accommodation‐to‐sediment‐supply (A/S) cycles of varying wavelength and amplitude with the objective to produce synthetic 3‐D stratigraphic records. Post‐processing routines were developed in order to investigate delta lobe architecture in relation to channel‐network evolution throughout A/S cycles, estimate net sediment accumulation rates in 3‐D space, and extract chronostratigraphically constrained lithosomes (or chronosomes) to quantify large‐scale connectivity, that is, the spatial distribution of high net‐to‐gross lithologies. Chronosomes formed under the conditions of channel‐belt aggradation are separated by laterally continuous abandonment surfaces associated with major avulsions and delta‐lobe switches. Chronosomes corresponding to periods in which sea level drops below the inherited shelf break, that is, the youngest portions of the late falling stage systems tract (FSST), form in the virtual absence of major avulsions, owing to the incision in their upstream parts, and thus display purely degradational architecture. Detailed investigation of chronosomes within the late FSST showed that their spatial continuity may be disrupted by higher‐frequency A/S cycles to produce “stranded” sand‐rich bodies encased in shales. Chronosomes formed during early and late falling stage (FSST) demonstrate the highest large‐scale connectivity in their proximal and distal areas, respectively. Lower‐amplitude base level changes, representative of greenhouse periods during which the shelf break is not exposed, increase the magnitude of delta‐lobe switching and favour the development of system‐wide abandonment surfaces, whose expression in real‐world stratigraphy is likely to reflect the intertwined effects of high‐frequency allogenic forcing and differential subsidence.     

基于TRMM 3B43产品的1998—2016年黄淮海平原降水时空特征研究

以黄淮海平原为研究区,基于59个气象站点的逐月降水数据,采用相关系数（R）、相对误差（BIAS）和均方根误差（RMSE）对TRMM 3B43降水产品的精度进行系统评估,揭示黄淮海平原降水的时空变化规律。研究表明：① TRMM 3B43产品对研究区内大部分气象站点存在轻微高估现象,总体上TRMM产品和站点数据在黄淮海平原的拟合效果较好,且月尺度的精度较年尺度高;② 1998—2016年黄淮海平原年降水和秋季降水增加明显,其余季节降水呈不同程度的减少趋势;③ 研究区降水在空间上呈从南到北递减的趋势,且南北降水差距较大。研究结果为卫星降水产品在中纬度地区水资源评估、农业生产和洪旱灾害等研究提供一定的参考。     

广东2022年一次强降水的FY-4A观测及闪电特征

利用FY-4A卫星闪电成像仪LMI、TBB、地基闪电ADTD数据和NCEP-FNL再分析资料等,以2022年5月10日广东一次暴雨过程为例,对两个不同强降水区域对流云团发展演变的观测特征进行了分析。结果表明：中北部清远至九连山南侧的强降水1区属于典型的锋面低槽型暴雨,发生在低槽前部冷暖交汇区,珠江口西侧沿海附近的强降水2区则是暖区西南和偏南气流辐合作用的结果。此个例强降水发生前TBB迅速下降,强降水主要位于对流云团TBB低值中心梯度大值区。对流发展初期TBB逐渐下降到230 K以下,TBB变率较前1 h下降幅度可达-15℃以上,局部可达-30℃,对流云团移动前方的闪电对下一时刻对流的发展移动有很好的指示意义,锋面降水中ADTD较LMI提前出现;成熟阶段TBB大范围下降到220 K以下,局部200 K以下,TBB变率减小,维持在0～-10℃,闪电达到峰值,密集闪电随着TBB≤220 K低值区移动。     

网上超市购物模式的设计与实现

网络的普及使得网上购物这种消费模式也随之发展起来,目前,网上购物已经融入了人们的日常生活之中,并成为密不可分的一部分。本文提供了这样一个平台,特别针对消费者进入超市购物的需求,并将这一环境作为论题,将Java编程语言作为设计与实现这一网上超市购物模式的开发工具。最后,对该模式的总体设计与实现过程分别进行了论述。