Seismic response of steel frame structures with hybrid passive control systems

The concept of the hybrid passive control system is studied analytically by investigating the seismic response of steel frame structures. Hybrid control systems consist of two different passive elements combined into a single device or system. The hybrid systems investigated in this research consist of a rate‐dependent damping device paired with a rate‐independent energy dissipation element. The innovative configurations exploit individual element strengths and offset their weaknesses through multiphased behavior. A nine‐story, five‐bay steel moment‐frame was used for the analysis. Six different seismic resisting systems were analyzed and compared. The conventional systems included a special moment‐resisting frame (SMRF) and a dual SMRF–buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) system. The final four configurations are hybrid passive systems. The different hybrid configurations utilize a BRB and either a high‐damping rubber damper or viscous fluid damper. The analyses were run in the form of an incremental dynamic analysis. Several damage measures were calculated, including maximum roof drift, base shear, and total roof acceleration. The results demonstrate the capability of hybrid passive control systems to improve structural response compared with conventional lateral systems and to be effective for performance‐based seismic design. Each hybrid configuration improved some aspect of structural response with some providing benefits for multiple damage measures. The multiphased nature provides improved response for frequent and severe seismic events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inelastic displacement demands in steel structures and their relationship with earthquake frequency content parameters

This paper deals with the estimation of peak inelastic displacements of SDOF systems, representative of typical steel structures, under constant relative strength scenarios. Mean inelastic deformation demands on bilinear systems (simulating moment resisting frames) are considered as the basis for comparative purposes. Additional SDOF models representing partially‐restrained and concentrically‐braced (CB) frames are introduced and employed to assess the influence of different force‐displacement relationships on peak inelastic displacement ratios. The studies presented in this paper illustrate that the ratio between the overall yield strength and the strength during pinching intervals is the main factor governing the inelastic deformations of partially‐restrained models and leading to significant differences when compared with predictions based on bilinear structures, especially in the short‐period range. It is also shown that the response of CB systems can differ significantly from other pinching models when subjected to low or moderate levels of seismic demand, highlighting the necessity of employing dedicated models for studying the response of CB structures. Particular attention is also given to the influence of a number of scalar parameters that characterise the frequency content of the ground motion on the estimated peak displacement ratios. The relative merits of using the average spectral period T_aver, mean period T_m, predominant period T_g, characteristic period T_c and smoothed spectral predominant period T_o of the earthquake ground motion, are assessed. This paper demonstrates that the predominant period, defined as the period at which the input energy is maximum throughout the period range, is the most suitable frequency content scalar parameter for reducing the variability in displacement estimations. Finally, noniterative equivalent linearisation expressions based on the secant period and equivalent damping ratios are presented and verified for the prediction of peak deformation demands in steel structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

756年张掖-酒泉地震考

根据现有历史地震资料和新补充史料的综合考证,认为现行地震目录所给的公元756年张掖-酒泉地震参数不确切,应做如下修正:震级应由现在的6级修订为7级左右,震中烈度由Ⅶ～Ⅷ度修订为Ⅸ～X度,极震区介于张掖、酒泉之间的高台北罗城一带.     

2003年青海德令哈6.7级地震序列的震源机制解及其构造含义

利用8个流动数字地震台和国家数字地震台站的地震波形记录,测量了2003年4月17日青海德令哈6.7级地震及其主要余震的直达P波、SV波、SH波的初动方向和振幅比,应用Snoke(2003)的测定震源机制解的格点尝试法,测定出德令哈地震序列的48个2.4级以上地震的震源机制解.搜集分析了美国哈佛大学测定的德令哈6.7级主震和2004年二期地震活动中的7个地震的震源机制解.基于余震空间分布特征和对震源机制解特征的分析,讨论了德令哈地震序列的可能断层活动方式和地震的构造含义.结果表明,主震和大部分余震都是沿NWW-SEE走向的逆断层错动,北边的上盘可能沿低角度向北倾的断层面向南仰冲;个别正断层余震可能是震源区挤压变形弧顶区附近发生的局部张性破裂;在二期地震活动中,逆断层和走滑断层都有,走滑断层地震主要发生在震源区东侧.德令哈地震活动是青藏高原东北缘NWW-SEE向延伸的挤压带继续处于隆升活动中的表现,这一继承性新构造运动是德令哈地震序列的可能发震原因.     

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震余震的S波分裂研究

利用在九江-瑞昌MS5.7地震震中附近架设的丁家山台(DJS)、狮子洞台(SZD)和武蛟台(WUJ)的地震波形资料,采用S波分裂系统分析方法,对余震进行了S波分裂分析。结果表明,震中距较小、台站附近断层分布复杂的丁家山台(DJS)的慢波时间延迟相对较大,快波偏振方向不太集中。台站附近断裂分布单一的武蛟台(WUJ)快波偏振优势方向与断裂走向角度相差约35°,与区域主压应力方向也不一致。台站附近无断层通过的狮子洞台(SZD)快波偏振优势方向接近区域主压应力方向。慢波时间延迟大小与震源深度没有明显的规律性关系。     

日本近现代地震及其次生灾害的社会影响

灾害作用于人类社会后成为灾难, 从而兼具了自然属性和社会属性． 本文侧重灾害的社会属性, 分析日本近现代地震灾害的社会影响趋势变迁, 指出日本在不断总结灾害应对经验的基础上逐步完善了防灾减灾体制, 其防灾减灾水平在不断提高, 但是由于生活方式日益城市化, 灾害越来越具有多样性、 连锁性的特征． 在日本, 地震后的核安全不是新问题, 但是由于缺乏前瞻性以致核危机扩大． 日本的经验提醒面临社会急剧变迁的我们, 防灾减灾需要考虑到社会变迁的前瞻性制度建设．     

1597年10月6日ldquo;珲春-汪清深震区rdquo;Mge;8地震触发的湖震和火山喷发

探讨了1597年10月6日（明万历二十五年八月二十六日）地震的烈度特征,地震伴随的湖震和火山喷发,以及地震类型与规模．结果表明, 1597年10月6日地震为可能发生在ldquo;珲春——汪清深震区rdquo;的一次Mge;8深源地震;地震在中国东部地区产生了广泛的湖震,其多种形态可与1775年葡萄牙里斯本地震产生的湖震比拟;地震触发了望天鹅火山的一次中小规模爆发式喷发,其地点在中国吉林省长白县境内．      

军队参与国际重大自然灾害救援行动工作机制建设的思考

向遭受严重自然灾害的国家或地区提供人道主义紧急支援,是各国军队在和平时期的重要使命。目前中国军队还没有成建制地出国参加过重大自然灾害的国际救援。本文介绍了联合国重大自然灾害国际救援行动协调工作机制、联合国框架下的军队资源参与灾害救援的工作机制。结合印尼地震海啸、海地地震等灾害中各国军队救援的情况,对我国军队将来参与国际重大自然灾害救援,在法律、预案和工作机制准备方面进行了分析,并提出了建议。     

提升宁波市农村防震减灾能力的对策探讨

提高农村地震灾害防御能力,既是推进农村经济社会可持续发展的重要保障,也是维护广大农民群众根本利益的重要举措。在分析宁波市农村地区在地震灾害防御方面存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了加强宁波市农村防震减灾能力建设的对策措施。对其它地区特别是少震弱震区加强农村防震减灾工作具有一定的借鉴和参考意义。     

活动支座摩擦作用对连续梁桥固定支座剪力的影响

目前认为活动支座摩擦作用对连续梁固定支座剪力起有利的降低作用,抗震分析时一般忽略活动支座摩擦作用的影响。为了研究连续梁桥活动支座摩擦作用对固定支座剪力地震反应的影响,建立了考虑活动支座摩擦作用的连续梁桥抗震分析有限元模型,计算了各种情况下的固定支座剪力。研究发现,活动支座摩擦作用并不是在任何情况下都是有利的,根据分析结果给出了需要考虑活动支座摩擦力的情况,提出固定支座剪力简化计算公式需要综合考虑结构的自振特性及场地反应谱的影响。