Local environment and valence state of iron in microinclusions in fibrous diamonds: X-ray absorption and Mössbauer data

Iron valence state and local environment in a set of fibrous diamonds from Brazilian and Congolese placers were investigated using X-ray absorption and M6;ssbauer spectroscopies. It is shown that the diamonds could be divided into two main groups differing in the type of dominant Fe-bearing inclusions. In the first group Fe is mostly trivalent and is present in octahedral coordination; diamonds from the second group contain a mixture of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, most likely with Fe²⁺ in dodecahedral coordination. A few other diamonds contain iron in a more reduced state: The presence of metallic Fe and Fe₃O₄ is inferred from XAS measurements. Spatially resolved XANES and M6;ssbauer measurements on polished diamond plates show that in some cases the Fe valence state may change considerably between the core and rim, whereas in other cases Fe speciation and valence remain constant. It is shown that Fe valence does not correlate with water and/or carbonate content or ratio, suggesting that iron is a minor element in the growth medium of fibrous diamonds and plays a passive role. This study suggests that, when present, evolution of the C isotopic composition with diamond growth is largely due to changes in chemistry of the growth medium and not due to variations of f_O2.     

金龟子绿僵菌甘露糖6-磷酸异构酶基因cDNA序列的克隆及分析

通过绿僵菌属甘露糖6-磷酸异构酶基因保守核苷酸区域设计简并性引物,采用RT-PCR及RACE-PCR技术成功克隆了金龟子绿僵菌mpi基因cDNA序列。该基因cDNA序列全长为1 513 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 328 bp,共编码441氨基酸。BLAST分析发现该基因演绎的氨基酸序列与其它真菌同源性较高,蛋白结构分析表明MPI蛋白是较保守的蛋白磷酸酶结构特征,主要由α螺旋和不规则卷曲构成。     

1-（4-甲基-6-羟基嘧啶）-3-（偶氮苯基）-三氮烯的合成及其与铜的显色反应

合成了显色剂1-(4-甲基-6-羟基嘧啶)-3-(偶氮苯基)-三氮烯(MHPPAT),并研究了它与铜的显色反应。在pH11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,Triton X-100表面活性剂存在下,试剂与铜生成2∶1的紫红色配合物,其最大吸收峰位于540nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.02×105L·mol-1·cm-1,Cu2+的质量浓度在0~480μg/L符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定铝合金中微量铜,6次测定的相对标准偏差小于3%,结果满意。     

安塞杏子川油田郝84井区长6油气聚集规律分析

通过岩心化验、测井资料及生产动态等资料,绘制长6各小层的有效砂体厚度等值线图、沉积相图及油气平面分布图和油藏剖面,对杏子川油田郝84井区长6层段沉积特征、油藏类型、油气分布特征及其控制因素进行综合分析研究。研究表明：郝84井区长6储层为三角洲前缘沉积,水下分流河道和河口坝发育,长6油藏为岩性油藏,主要受岩性控制,石油沿有效砂体呈条带状北东向展布,主要富集在水下分流河道及河口坝砂体中。     

IRS - P6卫星LISS3图像数据质量评价

利用辐射精度、清晰度、信息量、信噪比、几何精度、地面分辨率6个数据质量评价指标,对LISS3与TM图像进行对比分析。研究结果表明,LISS3图像在地面分辨率和信噪比方面有显著提高,几何精度(均方根误差为0.28)小于1/2个像元,在绿(0.52~0.59μm)、红(0.62~0.68μm)和近红外(0.77~0.86μm)波段其辐射精度、清晰度、信息量均高于TM图像,在短波红外波段(1.55~1.70μm)相应指标略低于TM图像。分析LISS3在短波红外波段图像质量指标降低的原因,提出增加LISS3第5波段宽度、新增波长2.2~2.5μm的短波红外波段以改进LISS3传感器的波段参数。     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6储层成岩作用与有利成岩相带

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6储层主要为长石岩屑砂岩,平均孔隙度8.68%,平均渗透率0.15×10-3μm2,属于典型的低孔特低渗透储层。储层经历了压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶蚀作用的改造,目前处于晚成岩阶段A期。在成岩作用研究的基础上,通过大量的岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等方法及测井曲线特征研究,进行了单井成岩相分析,进而编制成岩相平面分布图。将研究区辫状河三角洲前缘砂体划分出4个成岩相带:压实相、碳酸盐胶结相、绿泥石膜剩余孔相和绿泥石膜剩余孔—长石溶蚀相。其中,有利储层主要分布在主砂体的绿泥石膜剩余孔相和绿泥石膜剩余孔—长石溶蚀成岩相带上。根据试油资料,处于该有利相带的井一般日产油大于10t/d。     

Effects of volcanic eruptions on the CO2 content of the atmosphere and the oceans: the 1996 eruption and flood within the Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland

The October 1996 eruption within the Vatnaj6;kull Glacier, Iceland, provides a unique opportunity to study the net effect of volcanic eruptions on atmospheric and oceanic CO₂. Volatile elements dissolved in the meltwater that enclosed the eruption site were eventually discharged into the ocean in a dramatic flood 35 days after the beginning of the eruption, enabling measurement of 50 dissolved element fluxes. The minimum concentration of exsolved CO₂ in the 1×10¹² kg of erupted magma was 516 mg/kg, S was 98 mg/kg, Cl was 14 mg/kg, and F was 2 mg/kg. The pH of the meltwater at the eruption site ranged from about 3 to 8. Volatile and dissolved element release to the meltwater in less than 35 days amounted to more than one million tonnes, equal to 0.1% of the mass of erupted magma. The total dissolved solid concentration in the floodwater was close to 500 mg/kg, pH ranged from 6.88 to 7.95, and suspended solid concentration ranged from 1% to 10%. According to H, O, C and S isotopes, most of the water was meteoric whereas the C and S were of magmatic origin. Both C and S went through isotopic fractionation due to precipitation at the eruption site, creating “short cuts” in their global cycles. The dissolved fluxes of C, Ca, Na, Si, S and Mg were greatest ranging from 1.4×10¹⁰ to 1.4×10⁹ mol. The dissolved C flux equaled 0.6 million tonnes of CO₂. The heavy metals Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn were relatively mobile during condensation and water–rock interactions at the eruption site. About half of the measured total carbon flood flux from the 1996 Vatnaj6;kull eruption will be added to the long-term CO₂ budget of the oceans and the atmosphere. The other half will eventually precipitate with the Ca and Mg released. Thus, for eruptions on the ocean floor, one can expect a net long-term C release to the ocean of less than half that of the exsolved gas. This is a considerably higher net C release than suggested for the oceanic crust by Staudigel et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53 (1989) 3091]. In fact, they suggested a net loss of C. Therefore, magma degassed at the ocean floor contributes more C to the oceans and the atmosphere than magma degassed deep in the oceanic crust. The results of this study show that subglacial eruptions affecting the surface layer of the ocean where either Mn, Fe, Si or Cu are rate-determining for the growth of oceanic biomass have a potential for a transient net CO₂ removal from the ocean and the atmosphere. For eruptions at high latitudes, timing is crucial for the effect of oceanic biota. Eruptions occurring in the wintertime when light is rate-determining for the growth of biota have much less potential for bringing about a transient net negative CO₂ flux from the ocean atmosphere reservoir.     

基于高分六号红边特征的面向对象桉树人工林信息提取

有效监测桉树林空间分布对区域生态环境保护及有关部门的统筹决策具有重要指导意义.本文在现有研究的基础上,以国内首个提供红边波段的多光谱高分六号(GF-6)卫星影像为数据源,选取广西鹿寨县为典型研究区域,结合光谱特征、植被指数特征和红边特征,设计不同特征组合分类方案,采用面向对象多尺度分割方法,对不同尺度层分别构建隶属度函...     

Study On Development And Application Of A Regional Pbl Numerical Model

A regional scale (a few km to a few hundred km, minutes to days)planetary boundary layer (PBL) numerical model (RPBLM) has been successfully developed to simulateprecisely the boundary-layer three-dimensional characteristics. The RPBLM model with a high-resolutionnon-hydrostatic E - 6qekep9ur/xxlarge8712.gif" alt="isin" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> turbulence closure scheme has been applied to diagnose and prognosticate the PBL characteristicsover a complex underlying surface in the Hong Kong area of 60 km × 48 km. It is shown that the RPBLMmodel can be used to simulate the PBL characteristics including wind, temperature, water vapour andturbulence over such a complex underlying surface and that the simulated result is reasonably in agreementwith observations.     

CMIP6全球气候模式对中国极端降水模拟能力的评估及其与CMIP5的比较

对CMIP6全球气候模式在中国地区极端降水的模拟能力进行了综合评估.基于CN05.1观测数据集和32个CMIP6全球气候模式的降水数据,采用8个常用极端降水指数对极端降水进行了定量描述.研究结果表明,在极端降水的气候平均态方面,CMIP6多模式集合对1961—2005年中国地区区域平均的8个极端降水指数模拟的平均相对误...