贵州遵义-纳雍一带寒武系黑色岩系中钼镍矿层的沉积特征

遵义-纳雍一带的钼镍矿主要产于下寒武统牛蹄塘组的黑色页岩系中.通过对遵义金顶山新土沟钼镍矿剖面及纳雍水东钼矿区的系统研究,发现钼镍矿主要以碎屑状(竹叶状)、星散状、微层状分布,碎屑具有明显的定向排列,并具有波浪状展布的特点.靠近矿层中上部,碎屑粒径不断变小,以一些黄铁矿、黏土物质为主,呈黄褐色、土黄色的星散状、微层状分...     

利用树轮密度重建新疆北部5-8月温度变化

利用新疆北部5个采样点的树轮密度年表主序列和新疆北部33个气象站观测气温平均值进行相关分析,结果显示其与新疆北部5-8月平均温度存在很强一致相关性,相关系数为0.667（p<0.001, n=49）。温度重建方程能够解释校准期（1960-2008年）内44.5%的温度变化方差。空间相关分析揭示该温度重建序列能够表征新疆北部过去353 a （1656-2008年）5-8月温度总体变化特征。重建序列揭示新疆北部5-8月平均温度大致经历了6个偏暖阶段,即1656-1664年、1667-1692年、1711-1734年、1804-1832年、1855-1956年、2000-2008年,中间为偏冷阶段,这些阶段中间多个小幅度变化。温度重建结果发现新疆北部温度变化与太阳活动、火山喷发有着紧密联系。温度重建序列与全球海温场的相关分析显示当西风带海区及热带大西洋地区的海温偏高时,研究区气温偏高。与海温、火山喷发和云量变化的相关分析都指示在西风环流的作用下,上述因子对于该地区温度变化有着重要影响。该温度重建序列在低频变化上与北半球气温具有显著正相关,说明中亚地区温度变化与北半球整体温度变化具有较好的一致性。     

甘肃礼县新生代火山喷发碳酸岩的发现及意义

甘肃礼县新生代钾霞橄黄长岩中有大量火山喷发碳酸岩出露，本文对该区各种碳酸岩的地质产状，岩石特征，全岩化学及稀土，微量和C、O同位素地球化学进行了研究，结果表明本区碳酸岩属于一种高CaO低碱（Na2O K2O)的火成碳酸岩，其化学成分与东非裂谷乌干达FortPortal地区的碳酸岩相似，其中碳酸岩的火山砾岩和凝灰岩具有高的SiO2和Mg/Ca比值，化学成分显示了硅酸盐和碳酸盐混合的特征，可能代表直接由地幔部分熔融形成的原生碳酸盐岩浆。其它类型碳酸岩的成因与原生碳酸盐岩浆或原生钾霞橄黄长岩浆的液态不混溶作用和／或结晶分异作用有关。碳酸岩及共生的高钾火山岩不是典型的大陆裂谷岩浆作用的产物，其起源和成因与软流圈的上涌有关。碳酸岩的发现为查明本区地幔的组成和性质提供了新的岩石学证据。     

近50年火山喷发和太阳活动对我国气候影响的研究

利用特征向量分析与时序叠加分析和谱分析相结合的方法，分析了近50a来我国地面气温和降水场中火山喷发和太阳活动的气候信号，强烈的火山喷发导致全国大部分地区降温，喷发1a多以后降温最明显，并能持续约半年。除这个主信号以外，青藏高原、东南沿海和东北地区都可能出现较为复杂的温度变化，温度变化与太阳活动之间的联系更多地反映在二者的振荡关系上。在降水场中的火山信号较弱，表现为火山喷发后的秋冬季节南方地区降水偏多。在青藏高原积雪和深层地温的变化中，没有发现火山和太阳活动信号。     

The Campanian Ignimbrite (southern Italy) geochemical zoning: insight on the generation of a super-eruption from catastrophic differentiation and fast withdrawal

More than ca 100 km³ of nearly homogeneous crystal-poor phonolite and ca 100 km³ of slightly zoned trachyte were erupted 39 ka during the Campanian Ignimbrite super eruption, the most powerful in the Neapolitan area. Partition coefficient calculations, equilibrium mineral assemblages, glass compositions and texture were used to reconstruct compositional, thermal and pressure gradients in the pre-eruptive reservoir as well as timing and mechanisms of evolution towards magma chamber overpressure and eruption. Our petrologic data indicate that a wide sill-like trachytic magma chamber was active under the Campanian Plain at 2.5 kbar before CI eruption. Thermal exchange between high liquidus (1199°C) trachytic sill and cool country rocks caused intense undercooling, driving a catastrophic and fast (10² years) in situ fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation that produced a water oversaturated phonolitic cap and an overpressure in the chamber that triggered the super eruption. This process culminated in an abrupt reservoir opening and in a fast single-step high decompression. Sanidine phenocrysts crystal size distributions reveal high differentiation rate, thus suggesting that such a sill-like magmatic system is capable of evolving in a very short time and erupting suddenly with only short-term warning.     

长白山火山公元1199～1201年喷发的历史记录

长白山天池火山是世界著名的火山之一,是我国规模最大、最具有潜在喷发危险的一座近代活动火山。目前,国内外许多火山学者为了研究天池火山最近一次大喷发年代问题,做了大量工作,并取得了一些年代资料,但一直没取得有关这次大喷发历史记载的证实。笔者等再次收集和查阅了一亿七千万字的文史古籍资料,通过整理、筛选、考证、对比和分析处理, 发现了长白山天池火山,于公元1199～1201年一次大喷发的历史记录。这对于长白山天池火山未来喷发危险性的研究具有重要的意义。     

从神话、传说与文字记录中探索中国活火山喷发的信息

火山喷发文字记录资料的考证可以给出历史上火山喷发的最为准确的时间限定，对喷发过程、灾害效应也都可给出极为详细、准确的措施。长白山天池火山喷发的满语资料是除了汉语、朝语之处另一种极为重要的资料来源，目前已从有关满语神话传说中得到了若干有重要意义的火山与火山学信息。本文列出了3类、14条天池火山喷发的神话与传说，从中可以得知数千年以来天池火山发生过多次猛烈的与温和的周期性的喷发。天池火山喷发与火山泥石流、喷发后洪水泛滥有密切关系，泛滥物波及到距离天池火山460km以过的嫩江流域及珲春一带。在中国近代史上还有若干次火山喷发记录，经考察较为确定的1951年昆仑山西部于田县卡尔达西火山喷发是一次地下岩浆上侵、地表汽爆炸与喷发的火山喷发事件。     

大同第四纪火山群的活动特点

一、引言大同第四纪火山群位于山西省大同县和阳高县境内(图1),包括近5年来在大峪口,秋林地区首次发现的6个小火山。该火山群大、小火山共计31个。大同火山群南以六棱山北麓断裂为界,分布于大同盆地东部的第四纪沉积区范围。火山群南侧的六棱山和北部的小北山是由前寒武花岗片麻岩组成的山地。     

黄土地层中奇异微颗粒的发现与初步研究

通过蓝田段家坡黄土和红粘土剖面与第四纪3次巨大撞击事件年代相应的地层内奇异微颗粒的研究,将其划分为5种不同的形态类型,并主要据化学成分,将5类奇异微颗粒归纳为撞击、火山和生物等3种成因类型。文中还提出综合成因模式来解释不同奇异微颗粒赋存于同一撞击事件时段的地层及它们所显示的因果联系。     

Volcanic stratigraphy of DSDP/ODP Hole 395A: An interpretation using well-logging data

Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program Hole 395A was drilled approximately 500 m deep into young oceanic crust west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Core recovery is very poor in this hole and therefore continuous downhole measurements are important to understand the drilled lithology. Geophysical downhole measurements were carried out during several cruises. A new set of logs was recorded during Leg 174B in summer 1997. The new logging data show a significant improvement in data quality compared to older measurements from Leg 109. The lithostratigraphy established from cores gives only limited information because of the poor core recovery in this hole. The gaps in the core lithostratigraphy are filled by reconstructing a synthetic lithological profile using the standard well-logging data. Three types of lava morphologies, massive basalts, altered lava flows, and pillow basalts, may be distinguished using the logs because the lava morphologies show differences in their physical properties due to differences in fracturing and alteration. The synthetic lithological profile gives a more detailed and precise vertical definition of single layers than the core profile. The integration of further logging and core data enables a detailed reconstruction of the accretion history at the drill site. Cyclic, upward decreasing trends in the resistivity logs were already observed during earlier cruises and were referred to magmatic cycles. Similar trends occur in the density log and, inversely, in the total gamma ray log. The trends reflect gradual changes in fracturing, porosity, permeability, and alteration and cover depth intervals of several tens of meters. Boundaries between cycles are interpreted to correspond to periods of volcanic quiescence. Two types of boundaries may be identified. Boundaries correlating with reversals in the magnetic field and/or changes in the geochemical composition of the basalts are interpreted as long pauses. Basalts separated by these boundaries were probably fed by separate magma reservoirs. Boundaries identified only by changes in alteration but not in geochemistry are interpreted to represent shorter pauses. They separate basalts that were probably fed by the same magma chamber. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.