梅贻琦、竺可桢函件发挥了史料的作用

<正>《竺可桢全集》第22~24卷收录了第二历史档案馆有关中央研究院气象研究所的函稿藏件,史料价值很大。就我个人历事而言,可以解决中国现代气象学史上的不少悬疑问题。1931年5月,中德(瑞)西北科学考查团气象组主任德国人赫德博士(Dr.W.Haude)第二次来华携带了气象风筝及探空设备等。中国的气象研究所     

基于18.6年卫星高度计资料对南海潮汐的分析与研究

利用TOPEX/Poseidon,Jason-1/2共18.6年卫星高度计资料(含变轨后资料),采用最小二乘调和分析法,提取南海12个分潮(Sa,Ssa,Mm,Mf,Q1,O1,P1,K1,N2,M2,S2和K2)调和常数,与沿岸及岛屿58个验潮站数据拟合较好。结果表明,采用更长时间序列的卫星高度计数据,尤其是增加变轨后的资料,分析所得结果得到明显改善。结合沿岸及岛屿264个验潮站数据,绘制4个主要分潮(M2,S2,K1和O1)的等振幅线和同潮时线,较好的展现了南海潮汐分布特征。     

基于Argo观测的太平洋温、盐度分布与变化(Ⅰ):温度

利用基于客观分析方法重构的Argo网格资料(未同化其他观测资料),分析探讨了2004年1月-2011年12月期间太平洋海域(60°S-60°N、120°E-80°W)温度气候态分布特征与变化规律。结果表明,在西太平洋赤道附近海域,29℃等温线的包络范围(暖池),夏季显著增大,位置也明显偏北,且其厚度仅限于约100 m上层;在亚热带海域次表层(约150 m),形成南北两个高温(南部大于27℃,北部大于24℃)中心,呈马鞍形分布,但并不以赤道为对称中心,而是偏向北半球8个纬度;在南、北纬40°附近海域,等温线十分密集,形成"极锋";在新西兰东南海域存在低温水舌由南向北的入侵现象,从表层至1 000 m深层始终可见,似是终年存在的一个水文特征。温度的年变化规律表层最明显,每年呈一高一低的分布趋势,亚热带海域尤为显著,北半球温度年较差大于9.5℃,南半球约为6.0℃,且北半球的最高、最低温度值分别出现在每年的8月份和2月份,南半球则相反。表层以下,温度的周期性变化远不如表层明显,至500 m中层,整个太平洋海域的温度最大变幅仅为1.0℃。赤道海域表层温度明显存在3年的周期性年际振荡,北亚热带表层也表现为3-6个月的周期性年际变化,中层年际振荡较缓,振幅也较小,而亚南极海域从表层直至500 m中层,均存在不规则年际振荡。     

Chinese Contribution to CMIP5：An Overview of Five Chinese Models’Performances

An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 （CMIP5） is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature （SST） mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation （MJO） amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index （GPI）, global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed.     

An Overview of Nowcasting Development, Applications, and Services in the Hong Kong Observatory

The Hong Kong Observatory （HKO） has been developing a suite of nowcasting systems to support op- erations of the forecasting center and to provide a variety of nowcasting services for the general public and specialized users. The core system is named the Short-range Warnings of Intense Rainstorm of Localized Systems （SWIRLS）, which is a radar-based nowcasting system mainly for the automatic tracking of the movement of radar echoes and the short-range Quantitative Precipitation Forecast （QPF）. The differential, integral （or variational）, and object-oriented tracking algorithms were developed and integrated into the nowcasting suite. In order to predict severe weather associated with intense thunderstorms, such as high gust, hail, and lightning, SWIRLS was enhanced to SWIRLS-II by introduction of a number of physical models, especially the icing physics as well as the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. SWIRLS-Ⅱ was further enhanced with non-hydrostatic, high resolution numerical models for extending the forecast range up to 6h ahead. Meanwhile, SWIRLS was also modified for providing nowcasting services for aviation community and specialized users. To take into account the rapid development of lightning events, ensemble nowcasting techniques such as time-lagged and weighted average ensemble approaches were also adopted in the nowcasting system. Apart from operational uses in Hong Kong, SWIRLS/SWIRLS-Ⅱ was also exported to other places to participate in several international events such as the WMO/WWRP Forecast Demon- stration Project （FDP） during the Beijing 2008 Olympics Games and the Shanghai Expo 2010. Meanwhile, SWIRLS has also been transferred to various regional meteorological organizations for establishing their nowcasting infrastructure. This paper summarizes the history and the technologies of SWIRLS/SWIRLS-Ⅱ and its variants and the associated nowcasting applications and services provided by the HKO since the mid 1990s.     

平凡岗位作贡献廉洁铸造国土魂

什么是廉洁？清如秋菊是廉洁,淡似梅花是廉洁.从“棒打送礼”的顾协,到铁面无私的包拯,再到一心为民的焦裕禄,回顾中华民族的辉煌历史,清正廉洁的例子不胜枚举,廉洁之士的浩然正气,在历史长河中熠熠生辉.而今天,我要讲述的,是我身边的一名普通公务员,一位平凡共产党员的廉洁故事.2010年,我第一次见到那个略显疲倦的身影.那天,我来到办公室,只见一位年过半百、头发花白、面目慈祥的老前辈正伏在办公桌前认真地审阅资料.我的到来似乎打扰了他的思考,他抬起头,扶了扶眼镜,微笑着对我说：“你好,小伙子,我叫梁惠盛,欢迎加入国土队伍.”从此,我便认识了梁工.     

广西巨拓电子科技有限公司

广西巨拓电子科技有限公司座落于南宁市美丽南湖湖畔的梦之岛广场13楼,成立于2009年,注册资金2000万元,是一家专业从事信息系统集成、IT产品销售、技术咨询服务的专业技术公司。     

北祁连西段祁青构造混杂岩中的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

在北祁连西段三岔口等6幅1∶5万区域地质调查中,对祁青构造混杂岩进行了调查研究,通过LA-ICPMS法单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得206Pb/238U表面加权平均年龄494±15Ma,相当于中寒武世,故将该混杂岩解体,部分归为中寒武世黑刺沟组。     

宁镇地区燕山期侵入岩锆石U-Pb定年:长江中下游新一期成岩成矿作用的年代学证据

对宁镇地区3个典型燕山期岩体(安基山-伏牛山岩体、下蜀-高资岩体和石马岩体)的中酸性侵入岩进行LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb定年,给出(109.1±1.9)~(101.6±1.1)Ma的年龄值,代表了这些侵入岩体的形成年代,为该地区中酸性侵入岩形成时代提供了精确的约束。宁镇地区铜-多金属成矿作用在时间、空间和成因上与100~110Ma左右的中酸性钙碱性岩浆活动相关联,区内成岩成矿作用是一个连续的过程。宁镇地区燕山期中酸性侵入岩形成于早白垩世晚期,而长江中下游九瑞等地区的同类型侵入岩形成于早白垩世早期,二者相差约25~35Ma;结合白垩纪以来太平洋板块活动特征对中国东部陆区成岩成矿的制约,这些年代学数据揭示出宁镇地区燕山期岩浆活动及其成矿响应是中生代长江中下游成矿带大规模岩浆-成矿活动的新一期成岩成矿事件,深部地球动力学背景对应中国东部中生代岩石圈拆沉-减薄事件。长江中下游地区的岩石圈减薄从135Ma左右开始,可能持续到100Ma左右。     

135~130 Ma: 大别山第二次“去根”时间？

大别杂岩主要由早白垩世侵入岩和三叠纪变质岩组成。它的四周是四条区域性韧性剪切带:郯城—庐江断裂,商城—麻城断裂,襄樊—广济断裂和晓天—磨子潭断裂。其中,晓天—磨子潭断裂和襄樊—广济断裂在早白垩世具有相反的走滑剪切方向:北侧的边界断裂(晓天—磨子潭断裂)是一个左行剪切断裂,而南侧的边界断裂(襄樊—广济断裂)是一个右行剪切断裂。在大别杂岩内部,早白垩世低角度剪切面理的倾伏向以SE向或NW向为主。这些晚期剪切面理上的拉伸线理的倾伏向同样为SE或NW向。大别杂岩总体具有朝SE向挤出和顶部相对朝NW向剪切的构造特征。这些表明晚中生代是该杂岩演化的重要阶段。该杂岩的边界断裂和内部构造特征指示其晚期抬升是沿造山带方向(SE—NW)以低角度方式进行的。这一过程直接导致高压-超高压变质岩和同构造岩浆岩被抬升至近地表。同时,年代学研究表明:大别杂岩(扬子板块东北缘地壳)在晚侏罗世—早白垩世经历大规模混合岩化的时间为145~135 Ma,同造山岩浆作用的时间为145~135 Ma,后造山火山-岩浆活动的时间为135~120 Ma。因此,该杂岩中三叠纪高压-超高压变质岩所记录的早白垩世抬升过程不是印支事件的后续,而是燕山期陆内造山及随后发生的伸展过程有关。尽管这一陆内造山事件的起始时间至今仍不确定,但大别山未变形岩体(130~120 Ma)的年代学研究结果和我们新测得的同构造伟晶岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄(130 Ma)为早白垩地壳变形提供了良好的上限制约。这样,大别山经历了三叠纪碰撞造山和伸展,晚侏罗世—早白垩世陆内造山-伸展二次过程。