河南新县花岗岩岩基的岩石成因、来源及对西大别构造演化的启示

本文对新县花岗岩岩基进行了系统的锆石U-Pb定年,全岩元素地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素测试,研究探讨其成岩年龄、岩石成因、物质来源以及地球化学动力学背景。锆石U-Pb年龄为125.5±1.5Ma,属于早白垩世产物。全岩元素地球化学成分表现为高硅、富碱,贫镁、铁和钙,富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素（Rb、K、Th、U）和Pb,亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和Sr、Ba。全岩同位素具有中等略偏高的Sr 初始比值(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706949~0.707086;低的放射性Pb同位素组成[ (206Pb/204Pb)i=16.611～17.152,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.304～15.432,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.316～37.702]; 低的Nd初始比值（εNd(t)=-13.65～-13.51）和老的Nd模式年龄（TDM2=2.12～2.13Ga）。锆石原位Hf同位素具有较低的初始比值（εHf(t)=-22.92～-19.40）和老的Hf二阶段模式年龄（TDM2=2.39~2.61 Ga）。综合以上元素地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年结果及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成,新县花岗岩岩基应属于分异的高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,是化学成分类似于扬子板块北缘新元古代TTG型岩浆岩的扬子下地壳在非加厚下地壳（深度小于35km）环境下部分熔融的产物。     

Petrology and U–Pb zircon dating of coesite-bearing metapelite from the Kebuerte Valley,western Tianshan,China

This paper deals with the petrology and U–Pb dating of coesite-bearing garnet–phengite schist from the Kebuerte Valley, Chinese western Tianshan. It mainly consists of porphyroblastic garnet, phengite, quartz and chlorite with minor amounts of paragonite, albite, zoisite and chloritoid. The well preserved coesite inclusions (∼100 μm) in garnet are encircled by a narrow rim of quartz. They were identified by optical microscopy and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Using the computer program THERMOCALC, the peak metamorphic conditions of 29 kbar and 565 °C were obtained via garnet isopleth geothermobarometry. The predicted UHP peak mineral assemblage comprises garnet + jadeite + lawsonite + carpholite + coesite + phengite. The metapelite records prograde quartz–eclogite-facies metamorphism, UHP coesite–eclogite-facies peak metamorphism, and a late greenschist-facies overprint. Phase equilibrium modeling predicts that garnet mainly grew in the mineral assemblages garnet + jadeite + lawsonite + chloritoid + glaucophane + quartz + phengite and garnet + jadeite + lawsonite + carpholite + glaucophane + quartz + phengite. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the coesite-bearing metapelite yielded the peak metamorphic age 320.4 ± 3.7 Ma. For the first time, age data of coesite-bearing UHP metapelite from the Chinese western Tianshan are presented in this paper. They are in accord with published ages obtained from eclogite from other localities in the Chinese western Tianshan and the Kyrgyz South Tianshan and therefore prove a widespread occurrence of UHP metamorphism.     

太行山南缘晚更新世以来河流阶地的发育及其新构造运动意义

太行山南缘的武家湾河流经太行山与华北平原两大地貌单元的过渡地带,较太行山内部其他水系对新构造运动的响应更为敏感,能较好地记录区域地壳抬升历史。以武家湾河下游平甸河为研究重点,通过野外河流阶地级序及沉积特征的调查并结合光释光（OSL）测年结果,厘定了平甸河4级河流阶地,T4、T3、T2及T1阶地河拔高度分别为61～96 m、35～54 m、19～43 m、3～5 m,分别形成于974 kaBP、739 kaBP、483 kaBP、23 kaBP,根据对阶地成因的探讨,认为T4、T3、T2阶地为构造阶地,T1阶地为气候阶地,阶地资料揭示晚更新世（Qp3）太行山南缘经历3次间歇性构造抬升后至少隆升了90 m: 第一次抬升26～42 m、抬升速率111～179 mm/a,第二次抬升11～27 m、抬升速率043～105 mm/a,第三次抬升16～39 m、抬升速率035～085 mm/a。本研究为河流阶地对新构造运动的响应研究提供了实际材料,对晚更新世太行山的形成及演化研究具有较重要的参考价值。     

Constraints on the timing and regional conditions at the start of the present phase of crustal extension in western Turkey,from observations in and around the Denizli region

The chronology of extension of the continental crust in western Turkey has been the subject of major controversies. We suggest that these difficulties have arisen in part because of past misuse of dating evidence; and in part because the assumption often made, that deposition of major terrestrial sedimentary sequences implies crustal extension to create the necessary accommodation space, is incorrect. We report evidence that the present phase of extension began in the Denizli region at ~ 7 Ma, around the start of the Messinian stage of the Late Miocene. This timing matches the estimated start of right-lateral slip on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, and corresponds to a substantial increase in the dimensions of the Aegean extensional province to roughly its present size: beforehand, between ~ 12 Ma and ~ 7 Ma, extension seems to have only occurred in the central part of this modern province. In some localities, terrestrial sedimentation that began before this start of extension continued into this extensional phase, both within and outside normal fault zones. However, in other localities within the hanging-walls of normal faults, the start of extension marked the end of sedimentation. Relationships between sedimentation and crustal extension in this region are thus not straightforward, and a simple correlation should therefore not be assumed in structural interpretations. During the time-scale of this phase of extension, the Denizli region has also experienced major vertical crustal motions that are unrelated to this extension. The northern part of this region, in the relatively arid interior of western Turkey, has uplifted by ~ 400 m since the Middle Pliocene, whereas its southern part, closer to the Mediterranean Sea and with a much wetter climate, has uplifted by ~ 1,200 m since the Early Miocene, by up to ~ 900 m since the Middle Pliocene, and by an estimated ~ 300 m since the Early Pleistocene. This regional uplift, superimposed on the local effects of active normal faulting, is interpreted as a consequence of lateral variations in rates of erosion. A reliable chronology for this phase of extension in western Turkey, in relation to changes in the geometry of motions of adjoining plates and Late Cenozoic environmental change, is now in place.     

南太行山闪长岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石成因研究

南太行山符山和东冶角闪闪长岩岩体的精细SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和元素-同位素地球化学研究表明:符山角闪闪长岩体形成于126.7±1.1Ma,东冶角闪闪长岩体形成于125.9±0.9Ma,与区内基性侵入岩和北太行地区侵入杂岩具有相似的形成年龄,表明晚中生代(±130Ma左右)太行山地区经历了与华北陆块同期的重要构造岩浆事件。区内闪长质岩石SiO_2=54.84％～65.75％,MgO=1.31％～3.89％,K_2O Na_2O=6.53％～11.40％,mg值=0.36～0.58,(La/Yb)_(cn)=9.86～22.77,(Gd/Yb)_(cn)=1.51～2.00;Eu/Eu=1.00～1.23,以富集LREE、LILE元素和明显亏损Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf-Ti等高场强元素为特征。~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)=0.705363～0.706165,ε_(Nd)(t)=-13.8～-16.8,源自于EMI型富集岩石圈地幔,可解释为新生地幔底侵物质熔融后经过结晶分异作用的产物。与华北克拉通内部其他地区一样,早白垩世南太行山地区处于软流圈上涌的岩石圈伸展构造背景。     

塔里木盆地典型砂岩油气储层自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年研究与成藏年代探讨

塔里木盆地共发现 8套砂岩油气储层 ,对其中的 5套典型砂岩油气储层进行了自生伊利石K Ar同位素测年分析与研究。利用该项技术对其成藏史进行初步探讨是本次研究的主要目的。中央隆起下志留统沥青砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 383.4 5～ 2 35 .17Ma ,表明志留系古油藏形成于加里东晚期—海西晚期 ;上泥盆统东河砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 6 3.82～ 2 31.34Ma ,表明东河砂岩油气藏主要形成于海西晚期 ;库车坳陷依南 2气田 (依南 2井 )下侏罗统阳霞组砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 8.0 8～ 2 3.85Ma ,表明油气充注发生在中新世以来 ;喀什凹陷阿克莫木气田 (阿克 1井 )下白垩统砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 2 .6 0～ 18.79Ma ,表明中新世可能有古油气运移或古油藏形成 ;库车坳陷迪那 2气藏 (迪那 2 0 1井 )古近系砂岩中的伊利石主要为碎屑成因 ,不能用于进行油气成藏史研究 ,但该气藏白垩系砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为 2 5 .4 9～ 15 .4 7Ma ,表明可能为中新世成藏。本次研究表明 ,该项技术在塔里木盆地初步显示出较好的应用效果 ,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

豫西崤山后河岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

与豫西小秦岭和熊耳山地区相类似,崤山北部也出露一系列中酸性小岩体,但与之相关的成矿作用明显较弱,因此长期未获得应有的关注。崤山北部小岩体的形成时代与区域成岩成矿时代之间的匹配关系对其深部构造演化研究及成矿潜力评价具有重要意义,鉴于此,作者对后河岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。后河岩体定年样品HH01的岩性为中-细粒黑云母二长花岗岩,30个锆石测点中有27个测点的测定值位于207Pb/235U-206Pb/238U一致线上,相应的206Pb/238U年龄介于124~134 Ma之间,加权平均年龄为128±1Ma(MSWD=1.02),属早白垩世。后河岩体是岩石圈拆沉作用的产物,其形成时代处在东秦岭地区广泛而强烈的成岩成矿作用时限内,且显示了Au、Ag、Cu、Mo、W等元素的异常富集,具有较大的内生金属成矿潜力。     

Onset of seafloor spreading in the Iapetus Ocean at 608 Ma: precise age of the Sarek Dyke Swarm, northern Swedish Caledonides

The Sarek Dyke Swarm (SDS) crops out in the Sarektjåkkå Nappe (SN) of the Seve-Kalak Superterrane in the northern Swedish Caledonides. The SN has two main components: (1) a 4–5 km thick succession of rift-related sedimentary rocks, which is intruded by (2) a suite of tholeiitic dykes (the SDS) constituting 70–80% of the nappe. The nappe was deformed during Caledonian thrusting, but dykes and sedimentary rocks in the interior of the eastern parts of the SN are preserved in a pristine state. The tholeiitic dykes of the SDS commonly occur in sheeted dyke complexes, and up to 11 successive generations can be identified from crosscutting relations. The SN represents the fossil continent–ocean transition between the Baltic craton and the Iapetus Ocean, marking the initiation of seafloor spreading. Bubble-shaped pods and veinlets of diorite are present in the SDS sheeted dyke complexes. The pods are absent in the oldest dykes, but the younger a dyke, the more frequent the pods. The diorite pods are the equivalent of gabbro pegmatites, and both cogenetic and coeval with the dykes. The rapid successive emplacement of tholeiitic magma raised the ambient temperature in the dyke complex, so that crystallization in the youngest dykes mimicked similar processes in gabbro plutons. Six zircon fractions, from the diorite pods including two single grains, were analysed geochronologically by the U–Pb thermal ionization mass spectrometry method. The data yield a linear array of points that are 0.4–0.8% normally discordant, indicating a crystallization age of 608±1 Ma (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb=607.9±0.7 Ma, MSWD=0.33). This age is inferred to date the onset of seafloor spreading in the Iapetus Ocean along the Baltoscandian margin.     

河南焦作云台山早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

应用离子探针技术,对华北太行山南缘钾长石化长英质副片麻岩和钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩进行了锆石年龄测定。钾长石化长英质副片麻岩的变质原岩为泥砂质碎屑沉积岩,其形成时代很可能为新太古代。碎屑锆石普遍存在强烈铅丢失,靠近上交点的5个数据点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为3399Ma±8Ma,代表了物源区组成的时代。钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩2组锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2511Ma±13Ma(岩体形成时代)和2735Ma±16Ma(残余锆石年龄),分别代表该岩体形成时代和残余锆石年龄。新的资料支持了华北克拉通中部造山带太古宙地质体与其东部陆块存在亲缘关系的认识。     

吉林永吉县头道沟地区镁铁—超镁铁质岩U-Pb年代学研究及地质意义

吉林省永吉县头道沟地区出露许多与头道沟岩组相伴产出的镁铁—超镁铁质岩,鉴于其处于长春-延吉构造带附近而受到业内关注,但由于缺少高精度年代学资料,制约了对区域大地构造的深入研究。本文采用锆石U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS)方法,对镁铁—超镁铁质岩进行了年代学研究。变质辉绿岩年龄为270±5 Ma,变质橄榄岩中捕获锆石最小年龄为297 Ma,考虑岩石组合及二者紧密相伴产出,认为二者均形成于中二叠世。镁铁—超镁铁质岩中捕获的锆石记录了华北克拉通及其北缘多次重要的构造热事件。其中,变辉绿岩中获得446±6 Ma的年龄与变质橄榄岩中获得的不一致线下交点434±240 Ma年龄共同对应了华北克拉通北缘早古生代的重要构造岩浆热事件;大量的1.8~2.4Ga年龄对应古元古代辽吉造山带热事件;1377 Ma、1542 Ma与蓟县系建造时代对应;869~997 Ma与青白口系建造时代对应;在变质辉绿岩中还存在众多3.0~3.2Ga锆石年龄。分析上述年龄结构及龙岗陆块北缘古生代地质体分布特征,推测研究区深部可能存在古老的变质基底,同时也表明研究区出露的镁铁—超镁铁质岩形成于陆内构造环境,而非蛇绿岩的组成成分,这对深化区域大地构造研究具有重要意义。