南海海域红斑后海螯虾(Metanephrops thomsoni)的分子识别与群体遗传分化

利用16S rRNA基因序列分子识别红斑后海螯虾,然后对海南附近海域(18°30′-19°00′N,111 °30′-112°30′ E)、北部湾口海域(15°41′ N,110°40′ E)和南沙群岛海域(5°20′-5°29′N,110°09′-111°26′E)三个地理群体进行ITS1的扩增测序.16S rRNA基因序列的结果表明所取样本准确;三个地理群体分别得到616-623bp、619bp和614bp的ITS1全长序列,A、G、T、C含量平均分别为22.3％、29.4％、17.8％和30.6％;其中562个保守位点,39个多态位点.ML和NJ聚类分析显示三个地理群体共聚为三个大支,其中海南群体有群体分化.表明红斑后海螯虾三个地理群体分化极其显著,且海南群体具有相对高的遗传多样性.     

施氏鲟Asnanos1基因序列分析及其在雌雄不同组织中表达

本研究首先从施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)性腺转录组中获得nanos1(Asnanos1)基因全长c DNA,并对其序列的准确性和特征分别进行PCR验证和生物信息学分析。进一步利用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测Asnanos1基因在雌、雄施氏鲟的性腺、心脏、鳃、脑、肾、肝脏、脾脏等组织中的表达量。利用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测Asnanos1基因在雌、雄施氏鲟的性腺、心脏、鳃、脑、肾、肝脏、脾脏等组织中的表达量。结果显示:Asnanos1的c DNA全长为1 389 bp,其中,5′非编码区(UTR)为414 bp,3′UTR为279 bp,ORF为696 bp。该基因共编码231个氨基酸。Asnanos1基因在施氏鲟除心脏以外的各组织中均有表达,在雌、雄鱼的鳃、脑、肾、肝脏、脾脏等组织中表达量无显著差异,但在卵巢中的表达量显著高于其他各组织(P0.05)。所得到的结果可为人工培育全雌施氏鲟苗种提供一些基础资料。     

基于ERDAS的SPOT5卫星影像正射校正方法研究

海岛海岸带卫星遥感调查与评价项目以高分辨率卫星遥感影像数据为基础。项目区块地形有一半为山地和丘陵,地形起伏较大,常规的几何校正难以消除因地形起伏引起的影像几何变形,必须进行正射校正。根据现有数据特点和项目要求,提出了可行的正射校正流程,基于SPOT5物理模型对融合影像进行正射校正,实验校正结果完全满足精度要求。     

西沙西科1井元素地球化学特征与海平面升降的关系

以南海北部西沙群岛石岛碳酸盐岩台地为研究对象,对1268件碳酸盐岩样品进行全岩元素地球化学特征分析,并结合早中新世以来沉积学特征,研究其与海平面升降的响应关系。实验结果显示,该地区常量元素（Na2O/K2O、Na2O/SiO2、P2O5）及微量元素（B/Ga、Zr/Al、Li、V）分析的古盐度、古环境氧化还原状态和酸碱度及海平面变化,与岩石地层学和古生物学分析得到的结论基本一致,进而可应用于孤立海相碳酸盐岩台地的沉积层序划分;受限于复杂的白云岩化作用,Mg/Ca难以反映海平面变化。Na2O/K2O、Na2O/SiO2、P2O5 B/Ga、Zr/Al、Li、V等指标表明,早中新世初期三亚组水深逐渐加深,有利于生物礁的发育;中中新世早期梅山组二段海平面第1次达到最高值,礁盘随之扩大,形成较深水环境下的碳酸盐岩台地,以潟湖相和内侧滩相为主;随后水体于中中新世晚期梅山组一段逐渐变浅,持续至晚中新世早期黄流组二段,生物礁受淋滤剥蚀形成礁-滩相沉积;晚中新世晚期黄流组一段海平面再次持续上升,于上新世达到第2次最高值,直至更新世水深才逐渐变浅。     

近海水体悬浮物HJ-1 号小卫星CCD 定量反演研究

基于H J-1号小卫星CCD数据,开展近海水体悬浮物含量监测研究.采用邻近清洁水体和同日MODIS气溶胶产品的方法对CCD辐亮度数据进行较精准的大气校正;利用得到的水体遥感反射率,结合地面准同步实测悬浮物含量数据建立悬浮物反演模型,获得研究区悬浮物的空间分布.模型的相关系数R2为0.849,平均误差为33.0％,反演结果较为理想.结果表明,HJ-1号小卫星作为中国首个灾害监测小卫星星座,能够实现定量反演近海水体的悬浮物含量,对中国近海水体水质的监测和治理具有重要意义.     

Mineralogical characteristics of polymetallic sulfides from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near 15°S,southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A seafloor hydrothermal field, named Deyin-1 later, near 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR) was newly found during the 22 nd cruise carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research Development Association(COMRA). Sulfide samples were collected at three stations from the hydrothermal field during the26 th cruise in 2012. In this paper, mineralogical characteristics of the sulfides were analyzed with optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe to study the crystallization sequence of minerals and the process of hydrothermal mineralization. According to the difference of the ore-forming metal elements, the sulfide samples can be divided into three types:(1) the Ferich sulfide, which contains mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite;(2) the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide consisting predominantly of pyrite, chalcopyrite and isocubanite, with lesser amount of sphalerite, marmatite and pyrrhotine; and(3) the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide dominated by pyrite, sphalerite and marmatite, with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, isocubanite, pyrrhotine, marcasite, galena and gratonite. Mineral precipitations in these sulfides are in the sequence of chalcopyrite(isocubanite and possible coarse pyrite), fine pyrite,sphalerite(marmatite), galena, gratonite and then the minerals out of the dissolution. Two morphologically distinct generations(Py-I and Py-II) of pyrite are identified in each of the samples; inclusions of marmatite tend to exist in the coarse pyrite crystals(Py-I). Sphalerite in the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide is characterized by a"chalcopyrite disease" phenomenon. Mineral paragenetic relationships and a wide range of chemical compositions suggest that the environment of hydrothermal mineralization was largely changing. By comparison, the Fe-rich sulfide was formed in a relatively stable environment with a high temperature, but the conditions for the formation of the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide were variable. The Fe-Zn-rich sulfide was precipitated during the hydrothermal venting at relatively low temperature.     

黄海在有无潮作用下对“布拉万”不同响应的数值模拟研究

黄海是典型的强潮驱动的陆架浅海。为了研究黄海对台风的响应特点,本文利用区域海洋模式(Regional Ocean Modeling Systems,ROMS)分别模拟了在有潮和无潮作用下黄海对台风"布拉万"的响应过程。结果表明,不管潮存在与否,"布拉万"经过黄海后都引起了海表面降温和流速的近惯性振荡响应,这种响应主要分布于黄海中部较深区域,带通滤波提取的近惯性流速具有垂向第一模态特征。同时,研究发现强背景潮流能显著地影响黄海对"布拉万"的响应过程。主要结论如下:一方面,由于潮的存在,近岸垂向混合均匀的较暖水体与远岸较冷水体之间会形成潮混合温度锋面,"布拉万"过后,暖水发生了明显的离岸扩张,尽管路径右侧的混合层降温更显著,但是左侧即黄海西岸的暖水扩张更明显;另一方面,潮的存在减弱了布拉万产生的近惯性振荡响应,半日潮流在黄海仍然占据主导地位。在混合层中潮流的作用减弱了"布拉万"产生的近惯性能量,但也使其更易穿过跃层传入黄海内部。     

非线性波浪波面追踪的一种新模式

基于Laplace方程的Green积分表达式和波面BemouUi方程所建立的非线性波动数学模型,是一个时域上具有初始值的边值问题,而精确地追踪自由表面的波动位置,给出波面运动瞬时的波面高度和波面势函数,是建立时域内非线性波浪数值模式的基础。本文采用0-1混合型边界元剖分计算域边界并离散Laplace方程的Green积分表达式,采用有限元剖分自由水面并推导满足自由表面非线性边界条件的波面有限元方程,联立计算域内以节点波势函数和波面位置高度的时间增量为未知量的线性方程组,通过时步内的循环迭代,给出每个时步上的波面位置和波面势函数,从而建立了一种新的非线性波浪波面追踪模式。数值造波水槽内的波浪试验表明,其数值模拟结果具有良好的计算精度。     

SSA1—1型声学水位在长江口潮位站的应用

本文介绍了长江口区水文泥沙概况，举例说明了ＳＳＡ１－１型声水位计在崇头潮位站比测试验和投产应用情况，结果表明该水位计是收集长江口区潮位资料较理想的仪器。     

Influence analysis of gaseous absorption on “HY-1A” CZI data processing Simulation and correction for Rayleigh scattering

Besides ozone, oxygen and water vapour should be considered for their absorptive effects on ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing. First ,gaseous transmittances under various conditions are computed and analyzed for the band settings of this sensor. Second, transmittances under six standard atmospheres are approximated as functions of zenith angle, the water vapour transmittance is approximated as a function of water vapour content and zenith angle, and the ozone transmittance is approximated as a function of ozone content and zenith angle. Finally, taking Rayleigh scattering as an example, the influence of ignoring gaseous absorption when calculating TOA reflectance is analyzed, and the effect of applying the presented transmittance approximations to gaseous absorption correction for Rayleigh scattering in ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing is evaluated.