基于多时相环境一号卫星CCD数据的植被覆盖信息快速提取研究——以长白山地区为例

选取长白山地区为研究区,利用2009年14期环境一号卫星CCD数据,运用非监督分类方法提取了长白山地区2009年植被覆盖信息,对提取结果进行了精度验证并与单期TM数据提取结果进行了对比分析.研究表明,多时相环境一号卫星CCD数据能够快速准确地提取植被覆盖信息,总体精度为84.67％,Kappa系数为0.82,总体精度和单个植被类型精度均高于单时相TM数据;多时相环境一号卫星CCD数据能区分出常绿针叶林和落叶针叶林,且分类结果景观破碎度较低;长白山地区以针阔混交林为主,占区域总面积的40.84％,植被呈明显的垂直地带性分布.     

罗布泊罗北凹地科钾1井盐类矿物组合及找钾研究

LDK01井盐类矿物组合中新发现深部（242—660m）碎屑岩层中含少量石盐、钾石盐、光卤石、泻利盐等盐矿物组合,研究它们的成因,有助于指导塔里木和罗布泊深部找钾。     

PEPSI: The high‐resolution échelle spectrograph and polarimeter for the Large Binocular Telescope

PEPSI is the bench‐mounted, two‐arm, fibre‐fed and stabilized Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument for the 215;8.4 m Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Three spectral resolutions of either 43 000, 120 000 or 270 000 can cover the entire optical/red wavelength range from 383 to 907 nm in three exposures. Two 10.3k15;10.3k CCDs with 9‐µm pixels and peak quantum efficiencies of 94–96 % record a total of 92 échelle orders. We introduce a new variant of a wave‐guide image slicer with 3, 5, and 7 slices and peak efficiencies between 92–96 %. A total of six cross dispersers cover the six wavelength settings of the spectrograph, two of them always simultaneously. These are made of a VPH‐grating sandwiched by two prisms. The peak efficiency of the system, including the telescope, is 15 % at 650 nm, and still 11 % and 10 % at 390 nm and 900 nm, respectively. In combination with the 110 m² light‐collecting capability of the LBT, we expect a limiting magnitude of ≈20th mag in V in the low‐resolution mode. The R = 120 000 mode can also be used with two, dual‐beam Stokes IQUV polarimeters. The 270 000‐mode is made possible with the 7‐slice image slicer and a 100‐µm fibre through a projected sky aperture of 0.74″, comparable to the median seeing of the LBT site. The 43 000‐mode with 12‐pixel sampling per resolution element is our bad seeing or faint‐object mode. Any of the three resolution modes can either be used with sky fibers for simultaneous sky exposures or with light from a stabilized Fabry‐Pérot étalon for ultra‐precise radial velocities. CCD‐image processing is performed with the dedicated data‐reduction and analysis package PEPSI‐S4S. Its full error propagation through all image‐processing steps allows an adaptive selection of parameters by using statistical inferences and robust estimators. A solar feed makes use of PEPSI during day time and a 500‐m feed from the 1.8 m VATT can be used when the LBT is busy otherwise. In this paper, we present the basic instrument design, its realization, and its characteristics. Some pre‐commissioning first‐light spectra shall demonstrate the basic functionality. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

天山乌一号冰川物质平衡特征的统计分析

利用天山乌鲁木齐河源一号冰川物质平衡的多年观测资料,通过数学统计方法提取主成分,获得影响该冰川物质平衡的主要因素,通过成分矩阵的旋转获得表示冰川物质平衡特征的两个主因子,其中第一主因子为影响冰川物质平衡的常年因子,代表该冰川的多年持续变化方向与趋势,第二主因子为影响冰川物质平衡的年际因子,代表该冰川在平衡年内的物质平衡变化特征。常年因子的持续下降反映了冰川持续后退的现实,年际因子在上世纪80年代中期以后突然强劲上升,实际上是冰川物质平衡水平提高,平衡年内积累量和消融量都增加的表现,清晰地指示了西北地区气候由暖干向暖湿的转型。常年因子是冰川物质平衡变化的主导因子,控制了冰川变化的方向。常年因子具有较好的周期性,以6年周期最为明显,但其形成原因尚不明。年际因子周期性不明显,但可以看出其周期与太阳黑子变化具有相关性,同时受到常年因子的影响。     

Planning for El Niño: The Stages of Natural Hazard Mitigation and Preparation*

This study examines mitigation and preparation activities selected by four county and state governments in anticipation of the 1997–1998 El Ni1;o. It expands the knowledge of how state and local governments plan short‐term projects and mitigate with longer‐term activities in anticipation of a natural hazard. It also provides a preliminary understanding of divergent responses and plans under similar disaster warnings. It outlines stages that governments follow in determining their natural hazard mitigation and preparedness activities. This model should provide hazard planners, particularly those planning for slower onset hazards, with insights into their own local circumstances, allowing them to choose appropriate strategies.     

1:25万福贡县幅、丽江市幅、腾冲县幅、大理市幅、潞西市幅、凤庆县幅地质调查成果与进展

认为牛井山蛇绿构造混杂岩与铜厂街蛇绿岩相当;新建石鼓蛇绿构造混杂岩;沿怒江断裂带多处发现硅质岩、浅变质玄武岩及砂板岩复理石建造;澜沧江构造带东侧发现大量火山岩;结晶基底中有大量变形变质古老花岗岩类。     

基于FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ归一化积雪指数和MOD10A1的精度对比分析

风云三号D星(FY-3D)是我国新一代极轨气象卫星,中分辨率光谱成像仪Ⅱ(MERSI-Ⅱ)是其携带的核心传感器之一,MERSI-Ⅱ实现了云、气溶胶、水汽、陆地表面特性、海洋水色等大气、陆地、海洋参量的高精度定量反演。选取2018年7、8月无云时相的FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ数据对天山中段终年积雪进行归一化积雪指数(NDSI)的计算。结合高分辨率Landsat-8影像,利用混淆矩阵对FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ数据计算结果与同期MODIS日积雪产品数据MOD10A1进行精度对比分析。结果表明:FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ图像平均总体精度为0.855,MOD10A1图像平均总体精度为0.820,FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ积雪覆盖提取平均总体精度比MOD10A1积雪覆盖提取平均总体精度高0.035。FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ的Kappa系数平均值为0.659,MOD10A1的Kappa系数平均值为0.558,FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ的Kappa系数平均值大于MOD10A1的Kappa系数平均值。故FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ数据提取积雪覆盖面积精度更高,更接近高分辨率Landsat-8影像目视解...     

利用Sentinel-1A数据监测抚顺市地表形变

针对抚顺市大范围地表形变问题,利用短基线集InSAR技术和覆盖研究区的17景降轨Sentinel-1A影像,提取抚顺市2015~2016年地表形变信息,结合信息熵分析地表不均匀形变现状,并提取典型形变区在东西向和南北向的时序剖面结果,最后利用已有文献验证该结果的可靠性。研究表明：1）2015-06~2016-06形变中心主要分布在东露天矿、西露天矿、塔峪、南花园、新屯地区;2）抚顺市的榆林街道和站前街道形变信息熵均大于1.0,地表不均匀形变极为严重,后期需重点监测;3）西露天矿北帮最大沉降量约为78 mm,东露天矿自西至东存在4个局部沉降漏斗,最大沉降量约为250 mm,塔峪北沉降区最大沉降量约为55 mm。     

洱海的营养状态发展趋势的灰色预测

根据洱海多年（1990－1998）的几个主要富营养化指标的普适卡森指标TSIG值，建立了TSIG指数的灰色GM（1，1）预测模型，应用该模型对洱海1999－2004年的营养状态发展趋势进行了预测，此预测结果可为今后的治理提供一定的依据。     

Orbit of periodic comet 153P/Ikeya–Zhang

The orbit of Comet C/2002C1 (Ikeya–Zhang) has a similarity to that of Comet C/1661C1 (Hevelius), and the numerical integration of the motion of C/2002C1 backward shows a possible linkage of those two comets. Thus, 153P/Ikeya–Zhang was designated a periodic comet. Historical records of comets in 877 and 1273 are also identified with Comet 153P/Ikeya–Zhang. The integrated orbital elements during 77 and 2362, and historical records of the comet are also presented and discussed.