Solving stiff mass transfers in compositional multiphase flow models: Numerical stability and spurious solutions

This paper points out two numerical problems linked to the resolution of compositional multiphase flow models for porous media with the finite‐volume technique. In particular, we consider fluid mixtures featuring fast mass transfers between the phases, hence stiff. In this context, we show how the computation of mass exchange kinetics can be expensive and that erroneous saturation front locations arise. A numerical splitting method is developed which is proven to be stable with advection‐type time steps, whatever the stiffness of the mass transfer. The erroneous front location problem is illustrated and shown to be intrinsically linked to the numerical diffusion. If we assume that the fluids are in thermodynamical equilibrium, we find that spurious solutions can be avoided by deriving and solving a new uncoupled hyperbolic equation for the saturation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A new octuple Earth-crossing meteoroid stream

It was shown that the orbit of06l/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> Virginid meteors is an octuple Earth-crosser so that the stream can produce eight related meteor showers. Of these eight theoretical showers five are identified in the catalogues; one of these is the06l/xxlarge954.gif" alt="kappa" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> Cygnids.     

Trophic network model of the Northern Adriatic Sea: Analysis of an exploited and eutrophic ecosystem

A quantitative model of the trophic network of Northern Adriatic Sea marine ecosystem during the 1990s has been constructed, with the goal of analysing its trophic structure, identifying the key trophic groups and assessing the anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystem using the Ecopath modelling protocol. The Northern Adriatic Sea is an eutrophic, shallow basin, and one of the most heavily fished areas in the Mediterranean Sea. The network aggregation into discrete trophic levels sensu Lindeman shows that low trophic levels dominate biomass and energy flows, with 40% of the total system throughput flowing out from trophic level 2. Instead, upper trophic levels appear bottom-up controlled, highly depleted and not exerting any control on the trophic network, as shown by mixed trophic impact-based analyses. Microbial loop is comparable to grazing with respect to the magnitude of flows involved, as 66% of the trophic network flows originate from detritus, which is mainly consumed by bacteria. Key trophic groups are plankton groups, macro-crustaceans and detritus, and other r-selected organisms like squids and small pelagics, which have a great influence on the ecosystem. In particular, zooplankton acts as a bottleneck for energy flows, limiting the energy from the low trophic levels effectively reaching the upper food web. The high pelagic production caused by eutrophication sustains high fishery landings and impressive discard quantities, as well as the benthic compartment. Overall, the ecosystem appears quite productive and in a stressed and developmental status. Model results and comparisons with few existing historical data suggest that the low maturity and stressed state of the Northern Adriatic Sea are not only due to natural characteristics, but mainly to anthropogenic pressures.     

GRACE RL06与RL05时变重力场模型数据初步比较分析

简要介绍CSR、GFZ和JPL机构的GRACE RL06时变重力场模型数据,并对比分析RL06和RL05数据的解算模型。从全球陆地水储量变化反演结果、时变重力场模型阶方差和C20项时间序列3个方面,对2004-01~2014-11期间RL06和RL05时变重力场模型数据进行对比分析。结果表明,GRACE RL06时变重力场模型数据质量的和精度较RL05有明显提高,其全球陆地水储量变化反演结果去条带噪声效果更好、信噪比更高;在高阶项部分,RL06模型数据的阶方差小于RL05;RL06模型数据的C20项时间序列幅值变化小于RL05,与SLR所得C20项数据也更接近。相同条件下,采用CSR RL06模型阶方差最小,利用RL06模型所得全球陆地水储量变化反演结果信噪比值最大。     

金湖06井水温震前变化特征研究

通过分析金湖06井水温从2001年到2007年间在多次中小地震前的异常变化特征,发现金湖06井水温日均值的地震异常全部表现为下降-转折-恢复的变化过程,地震发生在转折-恢复之中或恢复之后的3个月内。     

Holocene climate changes in the mid-high-latitude-monsoon margin reflected by the pollen record from Hulun Lake, northeastern Inner Mongolia

Pollen-assemblage data from a sediment core from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia describe the changes in the vegetation and climate of the East Asian monsoon margin during the Holocene. Dry steppe dominated the lake basin from ca. 11,000 to 8000 cal yr BP, suggesting a warm and dry climate. Grasses and birch forests expanded 8000 to 6400 cal yr BP, implying a remarkable increase in the monsoon precipitation. From 6400 to 4400 cal yr BP, the climate became cooler and drier. Chenopodiaceae dominated the interval from 4400 to 3350 cal yr BP, marking extremely dry condition. Artemisia recovered 3350-2050 cal yr BP, denoting an amelioration of climatic conditions. Both temperature and precipitation decreased 2050 to 1000 cal yr BP as indicated by decreased Artemisia and the development of pine forests. During the last 1000 yr, human activities might have had a significant influence on the environment of the lake region. We suggest that the East Asian summer monsoon did not become intensified until 8000 cal yr BP due to the existence of remnant ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in the monsoon precipitation on millennial to centennial scales would be related to ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Pacific.     

西藏帕里河2004-06-22滑坡卫星监测

2004-06-22滑坡位于我国西藏自治区的最西端,中印边界附近的帕里河流域中部。以多时相高分辨率卫星图像为信息源,以Orbview立体像对制作的高精度DEM为地理控制,采用数字滑坡技术研究和监测该滑坡自滑坡前至2007年7月的活动。遥感解译表明,滑坡前该处为由弧形裂缝与山体分割的滑前危岩,2004-06-22发生的堵河事件为一高速顺层基岩滑坡,基于RS+GIS求得滑坡体积为63。7万m3。遥感监测显示自2004年9月至2007年7月共35个月内,滑坡边界及滑面各细部均没有明显变化,期间该处未见发生过任何新的滑坡活动。该滑坡是一次在新构造活动强烈的高山峡谷区自然形成的重力侵蚀活动过程,能量释放充分,近期除原滑体四周有一些泄荷及调整活动外不会有大的活动。     

江苏05井、06井水温的中短期地震异常典型特征研究

江苏宿迁05井、金湖06井自2001年数字化改造以来,水温观测记录到的典型中短期异常较好地对应了华东地区的几次中等地震,并较成功地应用于日常短临预报工作。对这两口井水温的典型异常图像和预报实践进行总结,结果表明:水温作为地震的直接前兆异常观测项目,在地震预报中具有相当突出的短临特征,它更多的反映了井孔区域内的中等地震引发的应力活动,在江苏地震的短期、短临预报方面发挥了较好的作用。     

Elliptical Galaxies with Emission Lines from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

As part of a study of star formation history along the Hubble sequence, we present here the results for 11 elliptical galaxies with strong nebular emission lines.After removing the dilution from the underlying old stellar populations by use of stellar population synthesis model,we derive the accurate fluxes of all the emission lines in these objects,which are then classified,using emission line ratios, into one Seyfert 2,six LINERs and four HII galaxies.We also identify one HII galaxy (A1216 04)as a hitherto unknown Wolf-Rayet galaxy from the presence of the Wolf- Rayet broad bump at 4650 (?).We propose that the star-forming activities in elliptical galaxies are triggered by either galaxy-galaxy interaction or the merging of a small satellite/a massive star cluster,as has been suggested by recent numerical simulations.     

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