层序地层学模拟研究进展及趋势

模拟层序地层学是层序地层学理论重要的研究手段之一,在国外该项技术较为成熟.层序地层计算机模拟软件采用的算法主要有扩散算法、流体流动算法、几何控制沉积算法、经验数值逼近算法、沉积物搬运的构造校正算法.目前,国外学者对以海平面升降、构造沉降和沉积物供应为主控因素的层序地层概念模拟的适用性提出了质疑,并对层序控制因素的多样性和不确定性进行了深入的研究.结合当前的研究进展,提出了层序控制因素的"多变量系统"观点,将层序的控制因素分为综合变量和独立变量,进一步指出如果假设综合变量为独立变量,则可以简化层序模拟,假设越多,模拟越简单,但模拟结果越粗略;要使模拟结果真实地反映实际地层特征,就要尽可能采用独立变量.     

二维黄金分割法在抗滑桩截面优化设计中的应用

在对抗滑桩截面宽度和截面高度与抗滑桩费用之间的关系进行综合讨论分析的基础上,引入二维黄金分割法与计算机编程方法,编制了专门的计算软件对抗滑桩截面进行优化设计,以实现满足抗滑要求的前提下使单抗滑桩工程总费用达到最低的优化目的.在三峡库区某工程的实例应用表明,该方法具有良好的社会经济效益,对滑坡的治理设计具有较重要的实际应用价值.     

西藏申扎县甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因探讨

冈底斯成矿带是西藏重要的多金属成矿区之一,在该成矿带北部申扎县首次发现的甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床是不同于其南部斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿新类型,该矿床的发现是藏北地区内生金属矿找矿的重要突破.文章对该矿床矿石稳定同位素地球化学特征进行研究表明:成矿流体主要来源于岩浆岩,围岩(地层)可能只提供了少量成矿物质;该矿床硫的来源单一,属于岩浆硫范畴,矿石与围岩中的硫具有相同的来源;铅的来源以地壳铅为主,并混有少量地幔铅.根据上述研究,结合矿床地质特征及同国内外同类型矿床的对比,认为甲岗雪山多金属矿床是在大陆碰撞后陆内伸展构造背景下,形成于喜马拉雅中期中酸性岩浆活动阶段,矿质主要源自岩浆的石英大脉型钨、钼、铋多金属矿床.     

Loss of energy dissipation capacity from the deadzone in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices

In a viscous damping device under cyclic loading, after the piston reaches a peak stroke, the reserve movement that follows may sometimes experience a short period of delayed or significantly reduced device force output. A similar delay or reduced device force output may also occur at the damper’s initial stroke as it moves away from its neutral position. This phenomenon is referred to as the effect of “deadzone”. The deadzone can cause a loss of energy dissipation capacity and less efficient vibration control. It is prominent in small amplitude vibrations. Although there are many potential causes of deadzone such as environmental factors, construction, material aging, and manufacture quality, in this paper, its general effect in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices is analyzed. Based on classical dynamics and damping theory, a simple model is developed to capture the effect of deadzone in terms of the loss of energy dissipation capacity. The model provides several methods to estimate the loss of energy dissipation within the deadzone in linear and sublinear viscous fluid dampers. An empirical equation of loss of energy dissipation capacity versus deadzone size is formulated, and the equivalent reduction of effective damping in SDOF systems has been obtained. A laboratory experimental evaluation is carried out to verify the effect of deadzone and its numerical approximation. Based on the analysis, a modification is suggested to the corresponding formulas in FEMA 356 for calculation of equivalent damping if a deadzone is to be considered.     

Estimation of peak relative velocity and peak absolute acceleration of linear SDOF systems

In the seismic analysis and design of structures, the true velocity and absolute acceleration are usually approximated by their corresponding pseudo-values. This approach is simple and works well for structures with small damping (say, less than 15%). When the damping of a structure is enhanced for the purpose of response reduction, it may result in large analysis and design errors. Based on theory of random vibration and the established mechanism of seismic response spectra analysis, a method is developed (1) to predict the relative velocity spectra with any damping ratio level directly from the 5% standard pseudo-acceleration spectrum; and (2) to estimate the peak absolute acceleration. The accuracy of both is validated by using two selected ensembles of ground motion records.     

Minimal cut-based recursive decomposition algorithm for seismic reliability evaluation of lifeline networks

In this paper, a new probabilistic analytical approach, the minimal cut-based recursive decomposition algorithm (MCRDA), is presented to evaluate the seismic reliability of large-scale lifeline systems. Based on the minimal cut searching algorithm, the approach calculates the disjoint minimal cuts one by one using the basic procedure of the recursive decomposition method. At the same time, the process obtains the disjoint minimal paths of the system. In order to improve the computation efficiency, probabilistic inequality is used to calculate a solution that satisfies the prescribed error bound. A series of case studies show that MCRDA converges rapidly when the edges of the systems have low reliabilities. Therefore, the approach can be used to evaluate large-scale lifeline systems subjected to strong seismic wave excitation.     

不同闪电跃增算法在北京地区应用效果对比

基于S波段多普勒天气雷达基数据、北京闪电定位网全闪定位数据和北京地区降雹的人工观测结果,对比分析Gatlin和σ两种闪电跃增算法在不同配置下对北京地区2015-2018年共177次冰雹天气过程的预警效果.结果表明:不同倍数的σ算法预警结果差别很大,2σ(要求当前闪电频数变化率超过之前平均闪电频数变化率两倍标准差)在σ算...     

2021年玛多MS 7.4地震前青藏高原热红外异常分析

<正>1研究背景青藏高原受到欧亚大陆挤压和印度次大陆碰撞发生隆升,形成世界上规模最大、构造最为复杂的高原地带。复杂的构造也让青藏高原及周边地区成为我国中强地震的易发区,2021年5月22日玛多MS 7.4地震就发生在这样的背景下。     

2001年四川雅江MS 6.0地震前地脉动参数异常变化

<正>1研究背景冯德益等（1994）研究发现,在中强地震发生前后地震波参数和地脉动参数都会有各种异常形态出现,且短周期地脉动参数异常可用于地震短期预报。李志雄等（2008）编制了海南数字地脉动参数处理系统,系统自动计算2005—2007年海南地震台网各个台站的地脉动参数,发现在海南及邻区显著地震前和地震活动活跃时,地脉动参数有一定异常变化。2研究内容和方法研究主要采用地脉动运动学参数,如地脉动的视出射角、方位角、时间线性度、空间线性度、频谱参数等,其中频谱参数包含卓越频率或顶峰频率、最大谱值、最大频率、最小谱值、高频衰减系数等,上述各种地脉动参数的定义详见参考文献。     

南海北部叶绿素a浓度遥感反演算法评估与COCTS反演算法构建

本文利用2018年9—10月和2020年7—8月在南海北部海域获取的叶绿素a浓度和遥感反射率现场实测数据,对3种叶绿素a浓度标准算法（OC2v4、OC3M和OC4v4）及3种区域算法（OC4v4＿TP、OC2＿X、INOC3）进行了模型精度评估;根据我国自主海洋水色卫星（HY-1C和HY-1D卫星）搭载的水色水温扫描仪（COCTS）的波段设置,构建了适用于我国南海北部海域的两波段、三波段、四波段和五波段比值的叶绿素a浓度反演算法。研究结果表明：标准算法的反演精度优于区域算法;针对HY-1C和HY-1D卫星构建的五波段比值OC5＿C算法反演精度较标准算法反演精度有很大提高,叶绿素a浓度反演值与实测值的平均绝对误差为0.08μg/L,平均相对误差为21.36%,可为我国海洋水色卫星遥感数据在南海及同类水体的定量化应用提供算法支撑。