2011年深圳大运会海上运动气象保障探测系统

介绍了海上运动气象保障系统的设计思路和建设方案。采用合田良实的经验曲线计算出赛区波浪破碎的水深,指导沿岸自动气象站的建设;针对深圳大运会的本地特点,对海上气象、海洋要素的探测进行简化,建设临时船载探测系统和波浪浮标;分析船体对海流测量的影响因素,制定海流计布设方案;采用闪电定位和大气电场仪相结合的方式进行雷电探测。     

地面气象观测中多普勒雷达回波资料的利用

多普勒天气雷达实时回波通常被广泛应用于短时、临近天气预报、人工增雨(雪)等方面的业务中,事实上,掌握天气雷达回波的演变情况,对做好地面气象观测也是一个很好的辅助工具。通过对2009年4月4日一次强降水过程的多普勒天气雷达云团速度和强度特征分析,结果发现:强降水形成、加强、维持与消散的各个阶段在路径、速度和强度上有明显的体现。     

A Study on Parameterization of Surface Albedo over Grassland Surface in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year (January 2002 to December 2003) observational data from the AWS (Automatic Weather Station) at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau). As a double-variable (solar altitude angle and soil moisture) function, surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions (product and addition), the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae representing a grid scale in models.     

台风韦帕全区性大暴雨过程分析

通过对2007年9月18-20日,青岛市破历史纪录的全区性大暴雨过程的天气实况、环流形势分析、物理量诊断和雷达资料分析表明,过程出现在西风槽、副热带高压和台风韦帕相互作用形成的高湿度、强上升运动区中.过程前期的降水,主要是高层的强抽吸起作用,降水较弱."韦帕"使得低层的辐合抬升进一步加强,上升运动更为强烈.对流层上层冷空气的活动,使得大气的层结不稳定进一步加强.3个系统的耦合,形成了这次大暴雨过程.过程的中小尺度扰动活跃.雷达资料分析发现,在低层一条线状呈气旋性弯曲的辐合抬升带,为海陆温差引起的陆风效应造成的海陆锋,是一条强降水带,伴随有强水平风切变.     

首届青海省气象行业地面气象测报业务技能竞赛在西宁举行

2009年2月12日,由青海省气象局、青海省总工会、青海省劳动和社会保障厅联合举办的首届青海省气象行业地面气象测报业务技能竞赛在西宁拉开帷幕,竞赛组委会主任、省气象局局长陈晓光,竞赛组委会副主任、省总工会副主席张玉娥出席开幕式并讲话。     

Difference in the Interdecadal Variability of Spring and Summer Sensible Heat Flux over Northwest China

The present study investigates the difference in interdecadal variability of the spring and summer sensible heat fluxes over Northwest China by using station observations from 1960 to 2000. It was found that the spring sensible heat flux over Northwest China was greater during the period from the late 1970s to the 1990s than during the period from the 1960s to the mid-1970s. The summer sensible heat flux was smaller in the late 1980s through the 1990s than it was in the 1970s through the early 1980s. Both the spring and summer land-air temperature differences over Northwest China displayed an obvious interdecadal increase in the late 1970s. Both the spring and summer surface wind speeds experienced an obvious interdecadal weakening in the late 1970s. The change in the surface wind speed played a more important role in the interdecadal variations in sensible heat flux during the summer, whereas the change in the land-air temperature difference was more important for the interdecadal variations in sensible heat flux in the spring. This difference was related to seasonal changes in the mean land-air temperature difference and the surface wind speed. Further analysis indicated that the increase in the spring land surface temperature in Northwest China was related to an increase in surface net radiation.     

浅析雪压观测

1 引言 在地面气象观测中,雪压的观测比较特殊,比较繁琐。冬季降雪达到观测标准时,在规定的时间内观测员必须反复操作测量工具和读数。是一个比较长的观测过程。由于观测次数少,而且每次雪深都不一样．使得雪压前后对比观测比较困难．往往会造成观测数据出现误差。在实际观测中总结经验,认为从以下几个方面人手。能保证雪压观测数据的正确性。     

浅谈如何做好地面气象观测资料的质量控制工作

地面气象观测资料的质量控制是保障资料使用者正确研究分析天气、气候变化的基础,是提高资料的质量,保证资料发挥高效益的关键环节。质量控制的目的是确保提供应用的资料符合代表性、准确性和比较性。本文就如何做好地面观测资料的质量控制工作,特别是对人工观测项目之间的配合检查谈了工作中的经验和方法。     

乐山市地面风场特征及风能资源初探

利用乐山市1971~2005年整编风资料对乐山市各区县地面风场进行了全面分析,并对全市风能资源的分布情况进行了研究,旨在对今后乐山市风的预报及其相关服务有较好的帮助。     

地面最低温度在0℃以上形成霜的原因

《地面气象观测规范》中霜的定义为：水汽在地面和近地面物体上凝华而成的白色松脆的冰晶,或者由露冻结而成的冰珠。由定义可知,霜形成时,贴地（或近地面物体表面）层空气的温度必须低于0℃。但是,由于下垫面的不均一性,不同的下垫面夜问冷却程度不同,从而形成不同的温度;在深秋或早春,雨后天晴,土壤湿度大,受冷平流和夜间辐射冷却等因素影响,