南海北部深水区渐新-中新世沉积地球化学特征及物源演变

Geochemical and detrital zircon U-Pb dating data for drilled sediments from the Baiyun deepwater area of the northern South China Sea demonstrate a change of sedimentary sources from the Oligocene to the Miocene.Zircon ages of the pre-rift Eocene sequences are dominated by Yanshanian ages with various peak values(110–115 Ma for U1435 and L21; 150 Ma for H1), indicating local sediment supply from the pre-existing Mesozoic magmatic belt. For the Oligocene sediments in the northern part of the basin, the rare earth elements show different distribution characteristics, indicating sediment supply from the paleo-Zhujiang River(Pearl River), as also confirmed by the multimodal zircon age spectra of the Lower Oligocene strata in Well X28. By contrast, a positive Eu anomaly characterizes sediments from the western and southern parts of the basin, indicating potential provenances from intermediate to basic volcanic rock materials. The Baiyun Movement at the end of the Oligocene contributed to a large-scale subsidence in the deepwater area and also a northward retreat of continental shelf break, leading to deepening depositional environment in the basin. As a result, all the detrital zircon ages of the Upper Oligocene strata from Wells X28, L13, and L21 share a similar distribution, implying the possible control of a common source like the Zhujiang River. During the Miocene, whereas sediments in the northern area were mainly sourced from the Zhujiang River Delta, and those in the southern deepwater area continued to be affected by basic volcanic activities, the Dongsha Uplift could have contributed as the main source to the eastern area.     

南海北部珠江口盆地深水区荔湾凹陷构造-热演化

The Liwan Sag, with an area of 4 000 km~2, is one of the deepwater sags in the Zhujiang River(Pearl River) Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea. Inspired by the exploration success in oil and gas resources in the deepwater sags worldwide, we conducted the thermal modeling to investigate the tectono-thermal history of the Liwan Sag,which has been widely thought to be important to understand tectonic activities as well as hydrocarbon potential of a basin. Using the multi-stage finite stretching model, the tectonic subsidence history and the thermal history have been obtained for 12 artificial wells, which were constructed on basis of one seismic profile newly acquired in the study area. Two stages of rifting during the time periods of 49–33.9 Ma and 33.9–23 Ma can be recognized from the tectonic subsidence pattern, and there are two phases of heating processes corresponding to the rifting.The reconstructed average basal paleo-heat flow values at the end of the rifting events are ~70.5 and ~94.2 mW/m~2 respectively. Following the heating periods, the study area has undergone a persistent thermal attenuation phase since 23 Ma and the basal heat flow cooled down to ~71.8–82.5 mW/m~2 at present.     

琼东南盆地深水区钻井岩屑稀土元素地球化学特征及其对沉积物源和环境的指示

对琼东南盆地深水区YL19A钻井岩屑样品进行了稀土元素(REE)地球化学特征分析,旨在研究琼东南盆地深水区的沉积物源及古环境变化。钻井岩屑样品的球粒陨石标准化REE配分模式总体呈轻稀土(LREE)富集、重稀土(HREE)亏损的右倾式,但在各时代地层之间表现出一定的差异。崖城组和陵水组岩屑呈明显的Eu正异常,而梅山组、三亚组和黄流组岩屑呈Eu的弱负异常,指示了沉积环境和沉积物源上的变化。在早渐新世时期,研究区物源以来自周边凸起的火山碎屑和陆源碎屑为主,沉积环境为海陆过渡相;自渐新世晚期开始,随着琼东南盆地全区发生海侵,研究区水深逐渐加大,沉积环境由海陆过渡相变为浅海相,物源变为远源陆源物质,并具有红河与海南岛多物源混合的特征,红河沉积物对物源的贡献相对较大,基性火山物质对物源的贡献减弱。YL19A钻井岩屑的REE地球化学特征在距今30、28.5、25.5和23.8Ma等地层界面处均发生明显的突变,对区域性构造运动事件有明显的响应。     

GPS技术在长江口深水航道治理工程试验段中的应用

在长江口深水航道治理工程一期工程试验段建设中,应用ＧＰＳ精密定位与导航技术代替传统的测量方法,进行首级控制网的布设,并在施工过程中指导工程的施工及水下地形测量、断面测量。ＧＰＳ技术在此工程中系统、全面、成功的应用,在我国相关领域的工程建设中尚属首次,其经验对整个治理工程及相关领域类似工程都具有指导意义和借鉴之处。针对ＧＰＳ技术在此工程中的应用进行阐述,并对应用过程中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

波浪掀沙临界深度初探

波浪欣沙临界深度的大小,直接关系到海岸工程的设计施工和使用寿命。本文从理论到实践对这一问题进行了探讨,提出用深水有效波高来计算波浪的掀沙深度。     

水位变化下菜子湖湿地多目标生态修复方案研究

水文过程塑造了湖泊湿地的主要生态结构和功能,筑坝拦蓄、跨流域调水和航运等人类活动对湖泊的水文节律产生了明显影响,开展水位变化下湖泊的多目标修复,能够使湖泊受到的破坏得到不同程度的恢复。在综述水位变化生态影响和湿地修复方法的基础上,提出了水位变化下的湖泊湿地多目标生态修复框架;在该框架的指导下,制定了引江济淮工程运行后菜子湖湿地的多目标生态修复方案;该方案能满足包括鱼类多样性保护、沉水植物恢复、泥滩和草本沼泽面积维持和水鸟多样性保护等多目标的湿地修复需求,在提高菜子湖湿地生态完整性、可持续性和生物多样性保护方面具有显著优势和可行性。     

淡水中对紫外光敏感的磷化合物研究简述

湖泊、沼泽与河流等淡水生态系统中在的一些对紫外光敏感的磷化合物,它们在紫外光（或太阳光）的作用下释放正磷酸根。本文对其形成释放机制、生态学意义以及铁和腐殖质的调节作用等作了扼要的综述。     

近40年青藏高原湖泊面积变化遥感分析

以MSS、TM和ETM遥感影像作为主要信息源,综合利用RS、GIS技术,提取青藏高原1970s、1990s、2000s及2010s 4个时段的湖泊面积信息,分别从区域位置、面积规模、海拔高度3方面分析其近40年来的变化趋势及变化特征,同时结合1972-2011年间青藏高原气候变化情况,初步探讨了影响青藏高原湖泊面积变化的主要原因.研究结果表明:(1)青藏高原面积大于10 km²的湖泊有417个,这些湖泊大多是面积为10~100 km²的小型湖泊,空间上集中分布在高原西部地区,海拔上集中在4500~5000 m范围内;(2)近40年青藏高原湖泊面积的变化趋势及差异性特征在整体上表现为湖泊呈加速扩张的趋势,其中2000s-2010s时段是湖泊扩张最显著的时期;在区域位置上,北部地区的湖泊变化最为剧烈;在面积规模上,小型湖泊扩张最为显著;在海拔高度上,低海拔地区湖泊扩张剧烈;(3)近40年青藏高原气候暖湿化程度明显,气候变化对湖泊面积变化影响显著;在气象要素中,降水量的变化是青藏高原湖泊面积变化的主要驱动因子.     

洞庭湖的调节作用对荆江径流的影响

洞庭湖对荆江径流有高效率的调节作用。根据长系列水文资料分析表明,荆江径流经调节后,年平均径流量,汛期径流量与汛枯期径流比分别减少了２６．３％、３２．９％与３２．４％,年平均径流量与汛期径流量均呈沿程递减。这些在长江干流都是独一无二的。下荆江的流量最大变化幅度系数Ｑｋ为０．８９２,在长江干流属最小。